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The Power of Kindness: Stories from the Best of Humanity with Lucia Knell & Gabe Reilich

September 3, 2024 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Lucia Knell and Gabe Reilich discuss the power of kindness through stories of the best of humanity. They are on a mission to showcase the extraordinary impact of simple acts of kindness in the digital age and are dedicated to spreading positivity and compassion that captures the essence of human goodness. With their deep understanding of the digital landscape and its effects on mental well-being, they bring forth a refreshing perspective on the profound influence of heartwarming stories.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Understand the impact of social media on mental health and how to navigate it effectively
  • Discover the power of following positive news accounts on Instagram to boost your mental well-being.
  • Learn how to improve mental health through mindfulness techniques and practical tips
  • Hear inspiring stories of human kindness and the profound impact they can have on mental health and community support

Lucia Knell is the Vice President of Upworthy, where she’s worked since 2014. She’s spent her career championing the belief that the internet can and should be used as a tool to unite people vs. stoke division. Her expertise in social media has garnered millions of engagements and catalyzed a movement to combat negativity online. An ardent advocate for mental health, she also believes in the power of taking breaks from the internet. Her work has been covered in the New York Times, Glamour, Vogue, Fast Company and mental health publication Made of Millions. She is the co-author of the book, Upworthy – Good People: Stories from the Best of Humanity

Gabriel Reilich is the head of content and innovation at GOOD & Upworthy. Devoted to his mission of spreading optimism, he believes the internet can be a force for good, and is dedicated to leveraging it to amplify the best of humanity. Throughout his career, he has created content and crafted impact campaigns for numerous respected brands, nonprofits, and non-governmental organizations such as Google, GoFundMe, and the World Food Programme. He is the co-author of the book, Upworthy – Good People: Stories from the Best of Humanity

Connect with Lucia Knell & Gabe Reilich: Lucia’s Website | Gabe’s Website | Upworthy Instagram

If you enjoyed this conversation with Lucia Knell & Gabe Reilich, check out these other episodes:

Human Nature and Hope with Rutger Bregman

How to Find Hope and Kinship with Father Greg Boyle & Fabian Debora

By purchasing products and/or services from our sponsors, you are helping to support The One You Feed and we greatly appreciate it. Thank you!

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Episode Transcript:

00:00:00 – Lucia Knell
There’s an opportunity on social media to use it as a tool, but it really does in some ways, go back to the user again, taking a conscious stock of who am I following? How does it make me feel? And is there an opportunity here to start unfollowing the accounts, purge the accounts that make you feel down, and start to fill it more with accounts that inspire you, make you laugh, lighten you, enlighten you, and allow you to go outside, offline and live your best life.

00:00:35 – Chris Forbes
Welcome to the one you feed throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out, or you are what you think ring true. And yet, for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good. Wolfenheid thanks for joining us. We have two guests on this episode, Lucia Nell and Gabriel Rylik. Lucia is the vice president of Upworthy. She has spent her career championing the belief that the Internet could and should be used as a tool to unite people versus Stoke division. Her expertise in social media has garnered millions of engagements and catalyzed a movement to combat negativity online. Her work has been covered in the New York Times, Glamour, Vogue, Fast Company, and mental health publication made of millions. Gabriel is the head of content and innovation at good and upworthy, devoted to his mission of spreading optimism, he believes the Internet can be a force for good and is dedicated to leveraging it to amplify the best of humanity. He has crafted impact campaigns for numerous respected brands, nonprofits, and non governmental organizations such as Google, GoFundMe, and the World food program.

00:02:29 – Eric Zimmer
Hi Gabriel. Hi Lucia. Welcome to the show.

00:02:31 – Gabe Reilich
Hi.

00:02:32 – Lucia Knell
Thank you so much for having us.

00:02:34 – Gabe Reilich
Thank you so much. We’re so happy to be here.

00:02:36 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I’m excited to have you guys on. We’re going to be discussing your book, which is called good stories from the best of humanity, which is a title that I couldn’t resist the minute I heard it because we all need more good stories and we’re going to talk all about that. But before we do, we’ll start with the parable. In the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild. And they say in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops, thinks about it for a second, looks up at their grandparent and says, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

00:03:25 – Lucia Knell
First of all, I love this parable, and I was excited to think about what it means to me
I’ve done a lot of thinking and work around how you treat yourself first. And I think it really matters how you talk to yourself, what kind of behaviors you implement to show your self respect and show yourself that you love yourself, so that you can then be empowered to go out into the world and exhibit those behaviors towards others. And so to me, the one you feed again needs to start with being mindful and self aware of what kind of language am I using towards myself today? What sorts of behaviors have I set up to either show myself that, eh, I don’t really care that much, or I actually really value myself and I’m treating myself like I would a friend. That’s where I begin. I think it starts from that place before you can go out into the world and act from a place of love and kindness and bravery and respect, etcetera.

00:04:23 – Gabe Reilich
Yeah, I think it’s a great parable and it really got me thinking as well. I think my first instinct upon listening to it is to be like, okay, we have two wolves here. I’ve got to ignore this one wolf and concentrate on the one that embodies more noble characteristics. I think there’s a danger in that, in that instinct, because you can’t look away from the negative impulses, you can’t look away from the difficulties, because if you do that, that wolf might be gorging itself behind you and gaining strength. So I think it’s important, at least when I was thinking about it, to approach both sides from a sense of curiosity, what is motivating these two wolves? Why am I drawn to one or another, given what’s going on in my life? And to take it from there. And then I think it’s a lesson in approaching things in a very conscious way. And then the other word that I couldn’t help but think about in the parable is just the word feed. And this is a pretty prominent word in our culture right now, and particularly in the work that we do in the space of social media and digital environments. You are exposed to a feed all the time. Okay? You open up the app, and that’s what it’s called, a feed. And it’s constantly pouring out at you. And I think it is important to actually put it in that context of food as potential nourishment, as attention, and where that is being directed and what kind of force and power that it has and how you are shaping that, because I think that feed is also being directed towards those two wolves inside you.

00:06:03 – Eric Zimmer
Back to what you were saying, Lucia, I thought was interesting as I was listening to you, is I thought that your book is about finding the best stories about people, like, finding people doing good things, right? And it occurred to me that that can also be implied internally. We can look at the good things that we do and choose to focus more on those things than the things we do that are not as good. And yet we do exactly the opposite generally. Right. We generally amplify our problems and don’t pay attention to our good things. So I think this applies internally. And then, you know, Gabriel, obviously, to your point, the feed that we’re getting fed to us has a tendency to way over amplify the negative. That’s nothing new. Media has been doing that as long as there’s been mass media, and yet that is what we take in most of the time. And you guys, as a social media company, are actively going the opposite direction from that. You’re actually trying to put some positivity into the feed.

00:07:12 – Lucia Knell
That’s exactly right. We have set out on a mission, a noble mission, dare I say, to inject points of light into a feed that otherwise feels pretty dark. And I think the difference between how news and media used to work is that you’d get the paper every day, you’d rifle through it, you’d sort of read the sections you want to read, put it down, and then move on with your day. And now we have an addiction to something that lives in our pocket, and we have this impulse where every time we feel bored, every time we are standing in line at the pharmacy, every time we are multitasking on a meeting, we’re looking at this feed. And if the majority of what you’re seeing in sort of this inundation fire hose of information you’re getting all the time in real time, is negative or is stressful or anxiety or fear inducing, of course you’re going to feel that way. And so I think we’ve been able to step back and look at the reality a little bit and look at this behavior and sort of the state of social media, as it were, and say, whoa, whoa, whoa. This is happening really quickly. So what can we do to actually act as a counterbalance to that sort of information that’s being fed to Gabriel’s point constantly? And we’re really proud of it.

00:08:32 – Gabe Reilich
Yeah. You know, to Lucia’s point, you know, social media and information in general, I mean, it’s a force, and it’s a tool. You know, we’re not completely passive in the way that we use it and our agency and how we engage with it. And interestingly, you know, in terms of the genesis of ad upworth on Instagram, it started in a simple way where we wanted to have more agency in what we saw. Lucia and I started building the account shortly before the pandemic, and the reason we started doing it was because we just wanted to see more proof points of human decency in the world. We knew they were out there. We thought it would be great to have a place to catalog them so that we could refer to them ourselves and that so others could, as well. And at the time, five years or so ago, this was a pretty novel concept to kind of create a feed in this way. Now there are many more accounts that share positive news and vibes and ideas out there, and I’m so glad that there are. It’s great to see the idea taking a foothold. And so we started doing it for ourselves in the sense that, like, well, what can we do with this tool? You know, even just thinking of it as a way to bookmark things that’ll be beneficial to ourselves, because it’s hard to, you know, be prescriptive about what the world needs, necessarily, but it’s easier to understand what you need as a person. And when we started doing that and given some world events that happened shortly after, we found out that this was something that people wanted in their lives, and it grew really quickly, and it was a confirmation that, you know, these stories aren’t something to be dismissed, that people coming together, that moments of kindness and decency and love and joy and compassion are compelling and important and fulfill a fundamental need for people.

00:10:16 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, you said prescriptive, and I think that’s what’s interesting about a lot of the quote unquote positive content that’s out there is that it is prescriptive. I mean, this show has a huge prescriptive element to it.

00:10:30 – Gabe Reilich
Right.

00:10:30 – Eric Zimmer
We’re bringing people on talking about how to live their best life with the idea then that people who are listening can apply that to their life. The challenge with prescriptive, though, is there’s a pressure in it to be different. What I love about what you guys do is that’s not what this is. It’s stories about basic goodness of people that all we have to do is take on board. There’s nothing to be done. I think the term is moral elevation. It elevates us morally simply by hearing stories of people doing good and decent things. And I’m a big believer that for as much bad as there is in the world, and there’s plenty of it, that there is way, way, way more good. We just never see it. You know, for every bad thing that’s happening, there are tons of moments of just the smallest little kindnesses or love or decency that is never amplified. So I love the idea of using social media to amplify that. I’m curious why being a social media company and stepping into that fray, which I think is great, to use the technology for good, you’ve now pivoted to a much older form of technology, a book. Why?

00:11:41 – Gabe Reilich
I’ll start with this. It is interesting. We can post something onto social, onto Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and reach 10 million people in a couple hours, which is an incredibly powerful thing. And it’s a little bit of the Spider man mentality. With great power comes a certain amount of responsibility, pivoting to a book where it’s like, okay, you’re going to be reaching one person at a time, maybe a couple, if someone’s reading it out.

00:12:07 – Eric Zimmer
Loud, and it’s going to take you a couple of years to do it. I mean, the length of time in a book publishing process is hilarious compared to social media.

00:12:17 – Gabe Reilich
And I think that’s where the truth about this lies is. The length of time. I mean, this book took a long time. This was a multi year long project of gathering stories, interviewing people. Our followers, each one of them came from a follower of the account to understand their experiences, to learn more about them, and to share that with the world in a way that really mattered. When we could have just taken a screenshot of a comment that they left and shared it with people. And we do do that, and it reaches a lot of people. The problem is the ephemeral nature of content on the Internet. You can have something that really is profound and hits people deeply, but then it’s on to the next thing and the next thing and the next thing. And that is the nature of the beast. And I’m not putting a moral judgment on it one way or another, but it’s just the reality of what we operate in. And some of these things that we would see, we would ask a question to the audience, tell us about a moment that you experienced kindness from a stranger, what comes to mind? And we would get thousands and thousands and thousands of responses. We could maybe elevate one or two of those, and we wouldn’t even read most of them, and we wanted to. And when we did, we saw that there was such a strong power that these had to influence people’s. I’m not going to speak for other people, but for myself to influence my perspective on the amount, as you said, the amount of untold decency and goodness that is happening out there. And it was a lot. And we thought that these stories deserve to be treated with the kind of respect that only a book can provide. You put it on the page, it’s there, and it lasts forever in a way that things do not last forever on the Internet. I mean, how many times have you read a quote or seen something that somebody said or a post, and you’re like, oh, God, I wish I could find that again. And you’re frantically searching, and eventually you give up and you get fed the next thing that piques your interest. So the main goal was to bottle that feeling that people get from reading these and to synthesize it and put it in a place where people didn’t need to look at a screen to get it and knew where they could find it at any moment. And, Lucia, I know you like to speak about that as well.

00:14:21 – Lucia Knell
Yeah, I mean, something I think about now, and maybe this is a controversial thing to say. Gabriel’s like, don’t say it is. Reading a book has become a radical act in 2024. A physical book. I mean, no kindles, no offense to kindle readers, they’re great sometimes, but being able to pick something up, touch it, smell it, you can’t touch the Internet, you know? And there’s something to think about that where, to Gabriel’s point, something that actually, we know has the power to resonate with. People were able to give those stories what they deserve, which is to be able to preserve them and preserve the feeling they give people versus just watching them sort of tragically swept away. And these algorithms are now built to get you to keep moving and get you to keep clicking. And so they’re actually built to have your attention for maybe, you know, two, 3 seconds, half a second, whatever it is and then say bye bye onto the next thing and keep you hooked. And so I guess moving to a book format kind of from, like, a mindfulness perspective, which I would love to talk more about with you, Eric, gives you the chance to get offline, take a deep breath, take a break from screens, get in bed, you know, read a couple stories of this book, and just breathe for a second, give your eyes a break, give your brain a break, and focus in a way that social media does not afford us in 2024, and we’re really proud of that.

00:16:19 – Eric Zimmer
That all makes a ton of sense. I will not get into the physical book versus kindle debate.

00:16:25 – Lucia Knell
Sorry.

00:16:26 – Eric Zimmer
It tears at my soul on a regular basis. Anyway, kindles are okay for the type of reading I do for this show. They’re a lifesaver because I can highlight and export those highlights and work with them. And I love a physical book. And so I’m always sort of torn between the ability to capture things that I want to go back to, which kindle gives me, versus the desire to hold a book in my hand and the fact now that I’m old, glasses. Right. And do I have the right lighting and all that, where a kindle, you just kind of adjust all that. So it’s an internal battle.

00:17:00 – Lucia Knell
Okay. Prokindle. Prokindle.

00:17:02 – Gabe Reilich
Whatever it is, it, you know, gives you the opportunity to stay with something a little bit longer.

00:17:06 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:17:07 – Gabe Reilich
And that’s what matters.

00:17:08 – Eric Zimmer
Exactly. Exactly. So as you guys went out there and cultivated these stories, they were not new to you. You were seeing stories like this and posting stories like this for a long time. So that’s not new to you. But you then chose to pick a subset of them and talk to the people who had submitted them to get more information about the story, and I assume to rewrite it in a way that makes it sort of compelling for a book and it. While still honoring the person’s voice and all of that. I’m curious, what did you learn about people or something from this later process that you didn’t already know from being exposed to all these types of stories anyway?

00:17:50 – Lucia Knell
Yeah. There’s a hunger from people to tell stories about people in their lives that impacted them positively. You know, we have a chapter in the book about teachers. Who’s that teacher who changed your life? And upon, you know, asking people, can we hear more about this person, you know, from 30 years ago who impacted you in some way and then influenced you and encouraged you to, you know, take this program, and now you’re a lawyer, and you want to talk about it, and you never got to thank them, etcetera. People were chomping at the bit to talk about these things. And so, for me, it’s like everyone has a story like this. If you think about who’s that teacher who changed your life? Or what’s the time you experience kindness from a stranger? Or when you think of the term good, good people, who comes to mind? You know, don’t think too hard about it. Everyone has a person, and everyone wants to talk about them and share that story. It’s a beautiful thing.

00:18:46 – Gabe Reilich
Yeah. I mean, that hunger is a real thing out there, you know? And I think a lot of times, even though the tools are there to make it different, it’s a one way communication that’s going on in digital environments. You’re putting something and you’re talking at people broadcasting your life. You’re broadcasting your views, what you think, your values, and there is a real desire for it to be a conversation and for people to be heard and a hunger to connect. And I think that was the initial thing that surprised me about what was happening on our account, which is that when we would ask a question or even when we would share a story that resonated with people, that so many folks would start commenting with experiences of their own, that it would trigger a memory that they needed to share, that they needed to tell people, that the world needed to know about someone in their life or an experience that they had that was like this. And that was interesting to me, to know that there was such a well of desire to share these moments of human connection and profound impact. And so to give people the opportunity to tell those stories in a way that would last forever, and then also for people to open up and be willing to do that, I think was something that surprised me and moved me a lot.

00:20:02 – Lucia Knell
There are 101 stories in this book. Gabriel and I have our own stories, which is very exciting, but 99 people from our community opened up and shared their stories. It’s a lot of people.

00:20:13 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. I’m sure you had way more than that and had to select which ones actually go into the book. Yes. This might be a good time to pause and allow you guys to read. Each of you read a story. Not your story that’s in the book, but a story that you really loved. So whichever one of you has a story first can just jump in and read the name of the story, and we’ll go.

00:20:37 – Lucia Knell
This is a story. In our chapter, our first chapter called the kindest of strangers.

00:20:44 – Speaker E
It’s called sky’s the limit by Brittany FDA I graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a bachelors in government. So as you can imagine, I had been rigorously prepared for my first job out of college, waiting tables at the cheesecake factory. Im the oldest of four girls and spent the greater part of my life raising little sisters. When I was 14, my father was sentenced a 99 year prison sentence. Less than a year later, my mother, who struggled with substance abuse, left. Rather than let their failures deter me, I worked even harder, finishing high school and college. I wanted to show my sisters I could do it so they would be inspired to do the same. Unfortunately, I graduated college in December 2008, right smack in the middle of the great recession, so jobs were pretty tough to come by. I was lucky to have any job. I knew that. Still, I wanted a bigger slice of that proverbial pie, not just a literal cheesecake. Desperate for advice, I visited an old UT professor and pled my case. He told me to go to law school.

00:21:46 – Lucia Knell
People in my family aren’t lawyers.

00:21:48 – Speaker E
They need lawyers, I retorted. Britney, he replied, you don’t even need to practice law with that degree. Just having it already opens up so many doors. I thought of my sisters.

00:21:59 – Lucia Knell
We needed open doors.

00:22:00 – Speaker E
When I got home, I booked an LSAt test. I studied hard on my own, and when I sat for the test, I scored 158 out of 180. It was an okay score, but I needed a great one to get into a competitive school. I looked into test prep courses. I knew they gave people an edge.

00:22:17 – Lucia Knell
But that came at a price.

00:22:18 – Speaker E
$1,200, to be exact. I’d need to clock in 165 hours to cover the cost, and that’s not factoring in the living expenses. No way I could afford it. I went to bed feeling like I’d been stabbed in the heart. It wasn’t fair. I wanted to go to school again. On one particularly glum Sunday morning, I wove through the restaurant, pitcher in hand, summoning up every ounce of will to smile. Among the tables, I noticed sky, one of our regulars, sitting alone in an old dress, her grey hair swept into a low bun. I filled her glass, and the smile we exchanged was genuine. It was nice not having to make the effort. I walked back into the kitchen, leaned against the walk in, and closed my eyes. Britt, a coworker, said. I opened my eyes. Skye was just talking about law school. You want to do that, right? You should talk to her. It was a slow morning. None of the managers were working. I decided that it would be a good idea to have that conversation. Skye, I said. Can I sit with you a little while? Of course, sweetie. I heard you know a lot about law school. I was wondering, do you know anything about applying? Skye told me that some years prior, she’d opened an accounting firm with her husband. It was so successful in the last year that she decided to follow an enduring dream of practicing law. She signed up for an LSAT prep class, fully intending to take the exam.

00:23:37 – Lucia Knell
When, tragically, her husband died. So she decided to pursue an MBA.

00:23:42 – Speaker E
Instead, a skill more relevant to the firm. I recommend taking a prep course 100%, she said. Her kindness put me at ease and encouraged me to open up about my childhood. I know I can’t get into the best schools with the scores I have now, I said. But those courses are out of my league, financially speaking. Skye nodded her head as I spoke. Everything will work out. I’m sure of it, she said, recharged by her empathy. I got up and went back to work, refilling ice water and delivering factory specials. Here you go, sir, I chirped, presenting an enormous order of fettuccine Alfredo. The dish clinked on the table, wide noodles sprawling across the plate like my underutilized, college educated brain. A few days later, Skye returned, another old dress, same grey bun, sitting at her habitual booth. I greeted her with a big smile, but before I could speak, she interrupted, I want to give you my prep course. My eyes widened. I already paid for it. She put up a hand, shooting down potential protest. They’re telling me it’s not allowed for me to transfer it over to you, but I’ll figure it out. And she did. I finished the prep course that summer and took the LSAt the following fall. My score jumped from a 158 to a 167, which put me in the top 93%, which in turn got me Boston College law school. I graduated cum laude in 2013, moved back to Texas, passed the bar, leaving me with only one final hurdle. I had to choose between corporate law or public service law. I chose the latter because of sky. Sometimes it feels like life is stacked against you, a tower of dirty dishes piled high in a restaurant sink. Other times, it feels like life’s a friend you didn’t know you had a sweet older woman in a booth at the cheesecake factory who decides to help you achieve your dreams. Because of sky, I’m no longer shackled to that restaurant, unable to move forward. Instead, I’m a lawyer working hard for the people. As a rule, I strive to emulate sky by listening to and supporting my clients, giving them a fighting chance in this world.

00:25:44 – Eric Zimmer
Thank you, Lucia, for that beautiful story. I’d like to ask you guys about a term that I saw in your press kit, and it’s mean world syndrome. What is mean world syndrome? And how is upworthy affecting that?

00:26:02 – Gabe Reilich
Yeah, you know, mean world syndrome is one of those things that I can’t remember how I came across it. Maybe just a random Wikipedia dive one day, but it’s a terminal. That was coined by media professor George Gerbner in the 1970s. Basically, it posits that when people are exposed to violence related content to negative, reinforcing narratives about the world and people around them, that it increases fear and anxiety and pessimism. Basically a heightened state of alert. You see more threats around you, you perceive more threats, so you are in a more anxious state. Basically, it states, well, if this is true, then the narrative that we are fed influences how we perceive the world. And so if all you see are negative narratives about the world around you, that it’s dangerous, people are greedy, things are bad, you’re going to start thinking that that is reality. And while it is certainly true that these things exist, that there are evil forces at work there and there are bad people, it’s not the whole story. So if you buy into it, then you start engaging in the world from a place where you feel that there is danger all around you, and that affects how you interact with people. So that got me thinking. And I think this is something that we all inherently know to be true. This is the parable of the wolves. This is, what are you feeding the two wolves inside you, which wolf are you feeding? But is the opposite also true? You know, if you shift your perspective, if you take a look at the good that surrounds you, the joy, the compassion, the decency, both far away, you know, stories that don’t affect you, and also stuff that happens to you on a day to day basis or reflecting on things that have happened to you through your life, how does that affect your perspective? If it allows you to see that there’s more good happening and you carry that feeling with you out into the world, it almost becomes a bit like a self fulfilling prophecy, right. You are more likely to treat people kindly. You’re more likely to engage with folks out there in a positive way, and therefore, more of these moments are probably likely to happen. And so the perspective is kind of like the first step in crafting the kind of world that I think we would have like to live in.

00:28:27 – Lucia Knell
I think it speaks to this idea of creating this space in your body and your mind for goodness to enter and for the possibility that there’s good all around you if you look for it. And so I think it enables you to operate from this mindset of giving people the benefit of the doubt that we’re all doing our best day to day. And this could be in a micro sense, too, right? It’s like if you’re open to noticing things, like someone holding the door open for someone else, someone holding the subway door open as someone’s running to the subway, if you’re living in New York City, smiling at a stranger when you pass them on your street, little things that signal to you, you know, even in traffic. We’re both based in Los Angeles in traffic, letting someone go in front of you and then giving the little wave. It’s like these are, dare I say, like, sweet, cute, human things that I think happen all the time. And they’re lovely if you let yourself experience them and not overlook them of, like, yeah, yeah, yeah. And then focus on something, you know, angry or me and someone did that day. And so I think there’s so much positive energy and good energy around us, but for all the things based on all the things we’re talking about, we’re so conditioned to focus on what’s going wrong.

00:29:49 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. I thought of a couple things as you guys were talking. The first, Gabriel, to something that you were talking about. I was thinking about another set of scientific studies that I’ve seen that show that the more people are socially isolated, the more they start to believe the worst about other people, which, of course, then causes you to be more socially isolated, which then causes you to believe the worst. Right. And it’s a self perpetuating loop and mean person syndrome, I think, is a similar thing. Right. Once you’ve got a little of that orientation, we look for what we already believe. That’s how we do things. And so, for me, really actively going against that has always felt important. And it made me think of another phrase that I use a lot, which is, is this useful? And I think about that a lot when I’m thinking about my thoughts, because oftentimes, there’s not a truth that people are good or that people are bad or that there are good things in the world or there are bad things in the world. There’s absolutely both. However, what’s the more useful orientation for me to take a. To have the best outcome in life that I want and to be the person that I want to be. And my experience is that is a way of orienting to the world that sees the best in people and looks for that in people. And then I think you’re often surprised because that’s what you get, and not in a Pollyanna way. It doesn’t mean that bad things don’t happen. It just means if I have to think about how I want to oriented, there’s a conscious choice, I think, to orient away from mean world syndrome and a conscious choice to say, if I’m going to be engaging in social media, can I be making sure that my feed is cultivated with things like upworthy, that are putting those things in front of me?

00:31:46 – Speaker E
Yeah.

00:31:46 – Lucia Knell
I talk sometimes about healthy habits on social media and what, you know, I recommend to friends and family, which is to do what I call a social media cleanse, where it’s sort of taking stock of what you’re seeing often or what the algorithms are serving you based on what you’re clicking and how are they making you feel. So listen to your body, right? Are you getting a rapid heartbeat because you’re looking at something and then it’s activating some comparison culture or some comparison inside of you? Is it stoking fear and anger? Again, it’s not about being Pollyanna and turning away from problems, but you have an opportunity on social media to curate a feed that inspires you, that uplifts you, that feeds your curiosity about the world, or encourages habits or hobbies, rather, that make you feel like you, or make you feel excited to be you, or inspired to go out and take that dance class, or inspired to go out and garden because it makes you feel good? And so there’s an opportunity on social media, to Gabriel’s point, to use it as a tool. But it really does, in some ways, go back to the user and say, again, taking a conscious stock of, who am I following? How does it make me feel? And is there an opportunity here to start unfollowing the accounts, purge the accounts that make you feel down, and start to fill it more with accounts that inspire you, make you laugh, lighten you, enlighten you, and allow you to go outside, offline, and live your best life.

00:33:26 – Gabe Reilich
And, you know, to what you were speaking about, Eric, you know, you spoke about loneliness, right? And the surgeon general and others, you know, they speak to the epidemic of loneliness that is happening in this country and throughout the world. And it’s not an epidemic, and it’s not a problem because it’s sad. It’s sad that people are lonely. I mean, it is right that we’re ahead, all so hungry for connection, and we have these wonderful tools at our disposal, and they’re not necessarily giving it to us what we’re actually looking for, but it is detrimental to the fabric of our society. Like you said, you know, the more that you are removed, the worse that you think about the world around you. And that’s why it’s so important to be plugged in and to be supported and to feel a connection to community. And there are ways that social media can give that in a really positive way. There are ways that social media gives that in a very dangerous way that reinforces the worst in us. And that’s why I think it’s important to take stock of our relationship to it in general. Is it giving you what you need in terms of how you want to feel about the world? And, you know, I’m sure for many people, it is. It’s like you’re sharing funny memes with people. That’s a wonderful way to connect, and it makes you happy, and it’s a great thing, but in other ways, it could be reinforcing the worst impulses. And if that’s happening, you know, I think there’s an interesting thought experiment that you can do sometimes, which is like, what are the things that make me angry about the world or mad about people or distrustful? And where am I seeing that? How often am I experiencing that in real life, in my interaction with people? And how often am I just being exposed to that through a screen? And if you find yourself saying, oh, I mean, everything that’s making me angry is coming through a screen. And, sure, yeah, it’s peppered around with good jokes and nice crafts and fun things and distractions. Well, that’s something to pay attention to, because what really matters is what’s happening in real life and your interactions with people in real life, because that is reality. What’s happening on a screen, there are forces at work that are beyond your control. There is money to be made. There are narratives to be sold. There is attention to be gathered for whatever purpose that people wants it. Sometimes wonderful purposes, sometimes not so wonderful. When you’re out in the real world, you are the one in control. And so I think it’s just important to keep that in mind.

00:36:06 – Eric Zimmer
Now, Gabriel, let’s have your story that you wanted to read.

00:36:09 – Gabe Reilich
So, this is a story called Curly Fries by John v. I was pretty bummed out. I’d been driving for hours and wasn’t much looking forward to the destination. I was 23 and working for the coast guard. I’d enlisted three years earlier, just a few months prior to 911, and emerged from boot camp two weeks into a war. After training at forts across the country, I was sent to Port Aransas, just south of Corpus Christi, to act as a sea marshal under the newly formed Department of Homeland Security. The majority of my time there was split between high risk boardings on incoming foreign ships and search and rescue missions along the Texas coast. The dangers were high, the hours were long, and the sleep was inconsistent. We’re talking 72 hours on call shifts filled with a whole lot of pressure and not much compassion. I’d get homesick often and would visit my parents nearly a full day’s drive north of Erie, Illinois, whenever I could. I was coming back from one of these visits and still half a day’s journey ahead of me. The night before, I’d slept in my truck as usual, craving human contact as much as food, and I pulled into a diner just outside of Texarkana. I looked awful but figured I’d be in good company. Here I was sitting at the counter when a man walked in. Long black hair, goatee, face full of scruff. He had dirty jeans and a chain wallet. Classic trucker vibes through and through. What struck me the most was his shirt. It depicted curly from the three Stooges holding a fork into a light socket. Underneath it simply read curly fries. Maybe I was delirious from the solitude, but it got me good. I started laughing. Cool shirt, I told him. We got to chatting. Everything about me screamed military coast guard shirt, high and tight haircut, 0% body fat and mouth like a sailor. The trucker moved to sit next to me and revealed he was a Vietnam vetted. Vets like him love talking to enlisted guys like me. Barring Desert Storm, most of them haven’t had a chance to feel understood by the generations that came before us. There’s a bond there that’s difficult to describe but easy to understand if you’re in our shoes. He could tell we were part of the same brotherhood. I guess he could also tell that I seemed down. How you getting back to Corpus Christi? He asked. I told him I usually took the I 35 to San Antonio and then the I 37 east. Hell no, brother. I’ve been driving loads down there for years. Let me tell you how to go, he replied, leaving his eyes. Its a way better route. He told me I needed to see the real Texas, not just the interstate. I was game. I grabbed the mapquest printout from my truck and handed it over along with a pen. He took his time, outlining turn by turn directions for me, noting the best restaurants, towns, and miscellaneous sites to take in all the way to Corpus Christi. It was a humble gesture, but his enthusiasm and care were contagious. I was already feeling less bummed out, even if my 23 hours trip was about to turn into a 30 hours one. My turning point came at the city limits of Lagrange. Until then, I’d been contemplative, enjoying the sights, but still too aware of what I was driving back to. But something really shifted at Lagrange. The ZZ top song of the same name, for the uninitiated, was a fave to play on the boat patrols. And now, here I was, just outside the real McCoy. I took a picture of the sign with my disposable Kodak and hopped back into the truck. I felt different after that. I noticed the miles and miles of open, untouched land, the deer in the fields, the pastures full of cows, the wild hogs, the enormity of it all, the state I lived in. It took me by surprise. For the very first time, I cranked up the music, and a sense of peace washed over me that I still feel to this day. None of this changed the fact that I was now behind schedule. Of course, my brain was stressed, but my brain was always stressed. My soul was happy. That was different. When I finally got back to Port Aransas, I shared the story of curly fries, the first of many times I would do so. It was one of the first things I told my wife when I met her in Corpus Christi. I can’t even tell you why. I guess it just made me happy and brought me that sense of peace. Two months after I left the service, my first daughter was born. Her birth was complicated and she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The years that followed were filled with many, many trips to the children’s hospital. When you live through something like that, you spend a lot of time looking to the past instead of living in the present. Curly Fries was a story and a feeling, so I went back. Often. Somehow it even got linked to another song somewhere down in Texas by Jason Boland. I’d sing my daughter that song, and inevitably the story would follow. She passed when she was six, but I’d spent her life sharing the feeling of that day with her. It’s a simple thing to draw a new route for a stranger and shine a light on places they haven’t yet considered. It’s just as simple to take a leap of faith and follow that route. The result of that exchange is a little more complicated to understand. The trip Curley made for me eventually connected memories, songs and people as much as it did places I think of one and then another follows, all colored by that sudden sense of peace. It’s become a roadmap for my mind away from chaos and sadness, straight to a mysterious joy. Thanks, Curly.

00:41:02 – Eric Zimmer
Wow, that’s beautiful and sad, and yet that’s great. Thank you for reading that one.

00:41:08 – Gabe Reilich
Thank you. I mean, it’s honest, you know? And, yeah, that’s what hits me so deep. It’s one of those stories that reminds you how sadness and joy are so intertwined, inextricably so, you know, that you can’t have one without the other. You know, there’s a, I forget what the exact quote is, but it’s something the effect of, like, you know, you can only fill your well with joy as deep as you’ve dug it with grief.

00:41:34 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:41:34 – Gabe Reilich
And that’s one of those stories. And it really sticks with me too, because, you know, it talks about, it’s a small thing, and it just meant so much to him. And now I carry that feeling with me where I’m like, okay, what is it that I’m gonna do that might have an impact like this on someone? You never know.

00:41:49 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. The other thing I loved about that story even more than, you know, Curly, and the kindness he offered was how this gentleman was able to take a feeling of peace that he experienced and continue to go back to that. That’s what really stood out to me. And I’ve had moments in my life. I’ve been a Zen student and studied fairly deeply. And I’ve had some of what they consider those sort of enlightenment moments, right. Where, like, everything comes alive and becomes one thing, and then those pass. And the challenge I found is how to live from that place even when the feeling isn’t there. And that’s what this guy was trying so hard to do. And he was connecting things in his life back to this thing. He was trying to start from an orientation of peace and latch things onto it. I just think it’s really beautiful how he used that beyond feeling peace for two minutes as he drove through the Texas countryside and actually used that as an anchor for the way he navigated the world. It’s really, really impressive in that way.

00:43:10 – Gabe Reilich
Yeah. You know, those moments, and I think it’s another thing that most of us have, something where we’ve experienced a feeling like that, and those are gifts and to remember them and to use that mysterious power that they hold to transcend time and space and transport you back to that moment where you felt that and then carry it with you in moments when you need it. I mean, it’s a real thing, and it just takes some reflection sometimes to try to remember what they are.

00:43:41 – Eric Zimmer
Yep, I’m gonna pivot from childhood cerebral palsy to bipolar disorder. I am a bag of laughs around here today.

00:43:52 – Lucia Knell
Honestly. That is funny. I genuinely find that funny to you.

00:43:58 – Eric Zimmer
Lucia, because your story in the book, and I mean, by your story, it’s not the one that you read us, it’s the story that you wrote for the book about you, talks about being diagnosed with bipolar, and I was wondering if you could a share the kindness that came out of that for you. But then I’d also just love, if you’re open to sharing what managing that in an ongoing way has looked like for you.

00:44:24 – Lucia Knell
For sure.

00:44:26 – Speaker E
Yeah.

00:44:27 – Lucia Knell
I mean, first of all, I think it’s important to recognize the stigma around, in my case, bipolar two. I think that was a huge part of my journey, was just being able to accept it, you know, accept and grieve, in my case, that this is a disorder that I was diagnosed with, and it’s one that’s hard to swallow. For all of those reasons, I think a lot of mental health issues and diagnoses the folks, beyond having to suffer from the effects of the disorder, also have to grapple with the stigma, the shame, the perceived judgment from people, from society. Talk about social media feeding into harmful stereotypes, and media in general feeding into harmful stereotypes around mental health issues was a huge struggle to Gabriel’s point. You know, with grief comes joy. A joyful piece of this journey for me was my community coming out in droves when I was suffering. And so in the moments where I was unable to get out of bed because I had a depressive episode that lasted six months, the story depicts my brother flying out from New York to LA the same day when I called him, saying, I can’t get out of bed. And he ended up living with me for six months. My family, my friends coming out to, you know, while I was going through various treatments, calling me, saying, hey, hey, I’m gonna come with you to Cambridge, Massachusetts, while you’re going through this. And me saying, what are you talking about? And a friend of mine saying, I wouldn’t think twice. And so, looking back now that I’ve recovered and being able to recognize how profoundly moving it is that my community rallied in the way that they did is profound. I feel so lucky. And also, you know, Gabriel really came through, not that I wouldn’t expect it, but as my colleague and friend, we were going through this book process, literally, when this all happened. To me in the middle of the book process, like, really bad timing. And he was the one to call.

00:46:48 – Speaker E
Me when I was literally at a.

00:46:49 – Lucia Knell
Treatment center towards the end of it saying, hey, I need you to work on this with me. I need you back. And that was everything to me, in fact, that helped me get through this in many ways. And so there’s a deep connection to this process for me and my community that came from a moment in my life that was deeply painful. As far as managing the diagnosis and mental health experience, a lot of it is actually really relevant to this conversation where I practice a modality of therapy called DBT, dialectical behavioral therapy. And it’s really rooted in mindfulness. So taking moments away from screens, going outside, noticing smells, noticing colors, listening to birds, it’s, like, very sensory, and it really helps me to ground myself. Day to day routine is huge for me of being able to self regulate. Most of it, for me is about self regulation. Also medication, like, please believe. And so huge advocate for meds. Huge advocate for therapy. Again, community. It takes a village. Feeling supported and heard and being able to check in with people when I’m not doing well and knowing that they have my back and it’s hard and joyful and weird and scary and exciting, and it’s kind of become a huge part of my life.

00:48:18 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I think you’re similar to me in that I sort of. My phrases, I throw sort of the kitchen sink at my depression. Right. It’s been everything. It’s not one thing. It’s not just medicine or it’s not just therapy. I’m significantly older than the two of you, so I’ve been in this for quite a long time. And so what? Those things are. Have changed over time, but I found a way of, by sort of stitching all these things together to be relatively symptom free.

00:48:48 – Lucia Knell
Amazing. I love to hear that. I also think going through something like this or any, you know, trauma, once you get to the other side, brings a real sense of gratitude, where regardless of what’s going down, you know, day to day, I kind of look at it and say, I’ve been through a lot worse, and I’m actually grateful that these are the kinds of problems I’m dealing with, or challenges, rather. I’m like, not too bad, you know, like a bad day at work, a bad day in this. It’s like, I can get through that, so I’m very grateful.

00:49:18 – Eric Zimmer
Well, thank you for sharing that with us. I think that’s a great place for us to wrap up. Gabriel, Lucia thank you both so much for coming on the show, for the work that you’re doing with upworthy, of putting good things out into the world. We’ll obviously have links in our show notes to upworthy and to the book, so and congratulations on your first book.

00:49:39 – Gabe Reilich
Thank you so much Eric. It’s been an absolute pleasure.

00:49:41 – Lucia Knell
Thanks Eric. It’s great.

00:49:59 – Chris Forbes
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Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How to Build Resilience after Heartbreak with Florence Williams

August 30, 2024 1 Comment

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In this episode, Florence Williams explores how to build resilience after heartbreak. Through her in-depth conversations with leading neuroscientists, psychologists, and researchers, Florence delves into the physiological and emotional complexities of heartbreak, providing valuable insights into the profound impact on individuals. Her work explores the science behind emotional distress, highlighting the correlation between heartbreak and its effects on the body. With a focus on evidence-based findings and personal experience, she offers several practical strategies for building resilience and finding meaning in the face of adversity.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Discover effective strategies for coping with heartbreak and loneliness
  • Explore the transformative power of nature for improving mental health
  • Learn how to build resilience and find new beginnings after divorce or heartbreak
  • Cultivate awe and beauty as powerful tools for healing and self-discovery
  • Uncover the significant benefits of social connections on overall well-being

Florence Williams is a journalist, author, and podcaster. She is a contributing editor at Outside Magazine and a freelance writer for the New York Times, New York Times Magazine, National Geographic, The New York Review of Books, Slate, Mother Jones and numerous other publications. She is also the author of The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative and Heartbreak: A Personal and Scientific Journey

Connect with Florence Williams: Website | Instagram | X | Facebook

If you enjoyed this conversation with Florence Williams, check out these other episodes:

Florence Williams on Spending Time In Nature

How to Navigate the Path of Grief with Dr. Joanne Cacciatore

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Episode Transcript:

00:00:00 – Florence Williams
Your brain doesn’t really make the distinction between being rejected by love and being sort of cast out of the klan to lie on the savannah and be circled by hyenas. You know, your body registers this as a very threatening state, like a physically threatening state.

00:00:24 – Chris Forbes
Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out, or you are what you think ring true. And yet, for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf, thanks for joining us. Our guest on this episode is a repeat guest at the one U Feed podcast. It’s Florence Williams, a journalist, author, and podcaster. She’s a contributor, contributing editor at Outside magazine and a freelance writer for the New York Times, Slate, Mother Jones, National Geographic, and many, many others. Today, Florence and Eric discuss her new book, a personal and scientific journey.

00:01:44 – Eric Zimmer
Hi, Florence. Welcome to the show.

00:01:46 – Florence Williams
Hi, Eric. So great to be here. Thank you.

00:01:48 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, it’s wonderful to have you back on. We had you on, I don’t know the date. It’s been years at this point. We talked about your last book, which was all about nature. Your current book is called a personal and scientific journey. And you’re just such a great writer. It’s such a well written and beautiful book.

00:02:07 – Florence Williams
Thank you.

00:02:07 – Eric Zimmer
So we’re going to talk about that, but before we do, let’s start like we always do with a parable. There’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops and thinks about it for a second and looks up at their grandparent and says, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

00:02:45 – Florence Williams
I’ve thought so much through this project about the power of negative emotions. So I had never experienced heartbreak before. And when it happened, it so knocked me off my socks, changed the way my body felt, changed my health, changed the way my cells were functioning. And that’s what really drove me to write this book. So, you know, I had to confront, why is it that uncomfortable emotions are so difficult to deal with? Why do we avoid them? And so the one you feed, you have to make a choice sort of on a daily basis. Like, how are those negative emotions going to play you, and how are you going to play them? And I think it really became a driving kind of pursuit while writing this book.

00:03:30 – Eric Zimmer
I love, are you going to play the emotions or the emotions going to play you? I really like that take because it doesn’t say anything about that. You have to get rid of the emotion, right? Which, you know, it’s not a repression, it’s a relationship. You know, it’s how are you relating to and working skillfully with these difficult things?

00:03:49 – Florence Williams
And, in fact, I would say one of the profound and surprising lessons for me through this process was to sort of embrace the negative emotions while not letting them exactly play me. But they’re the ones who teach you, you know, and they’re sort of what you have to move through in order to grow. And I think I had been living my life pretty differently, you know, before that.

00:04:13 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. So I’m going to ask you to tell a little bit of your story of heartbreak, but I’m curious, were you looking into this at all before it happened to you? Was this on your radar in any way as a writer, as a person who’s looking at different things? Or did it emerge wholly from, like, oh, my God, I’m right in the middle of this, and it’s terrible? What do I do?

00:04:34 – Florence Williams
I have to admit, it wasn’t really on my radar.

00:04:37 – Eric Zimmer
Okay.

00:04:37 – Florence Williams
And in some ways, I feel badly about that, because I have friends, you know, who went through heartbreak at various times, and I don’t think I was the best friend to them. I think I tended to sort of dismiss heartbreak as being sort of the realm of melodrama, a little bit overwrought, you know? Okay, so you got dumped by someone. You know, obviously that person was a loser. Move on.

00:05:00 – Eric Zimmer
That’s right. They’re not the right fit for you. Lots of fish in the sea come on.

00:05:04 – Florence Williams
Yeah. Pick yourself up. Don’t be so dramatic.

00:05:08 – Eric Zimmer
Yep, yep. So tell us a little bit about the events that led you kind of into this.

00:05:14 – Florence Williams
Sure. Well, I met the man who would be my husband when I was 18 years old. It was literally my first day of college, and we dated for seven years, and then we got married, and we were married for 25 years, two kids. And I think, like a lot of long marriages, I mean, there are moments of connection and there are moments of disconnection. And I guess I always had this sort of bedrock faith in it, and I had a desire, really, for it to work. I mean, there were so many things I was attached to about my life, but, you know, he didn’t really feel the same way, unfortunately. And I think often with heartbreak, when there’s a separation like this, a romantic split, one person wants it more than the other, and I was the one who didn’t want it. I was afraid of it. And it also kind of surprised me, honestly. So, you know, at one point, he told me that he wanted to go find his soulmate, you know, and that I wasn’t. It.

00:06:10 – Eric Zimmer
Ouch.

00:06:11 – Florence Williams
Ouch, right? Big ouch. And so I felt that rejection, and I felt that pain really deeply, you know, in my heart, in my stomach, in my pancreas, in my body. I had always thought that heartbreak was something that was in your head. There was a lot of sadness, and that heartbreak was sort of a metaphor. But as I kind of launched my investigation into what was happening to me and why I felt this way, I learned that our bodies really register this kind of pain in ways that I don’t think really get acknowledged or talked about enough.

00:06:46 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. And we’ll go into that. I certainly like you. I have a history, I guess, unlike you. You’ve got sort of the one heartbreak. I’ve got a whole string of them.

00:06:56 – Florence Williams
I’m sorry.

00:06:57 – Eric Zimmer
You know. Well, it’s interesting. The biggest one was to my ex wife, mother of my son. And I look back on that as both the most difficult period of my life and perhaps the most fertile period of my life for so many things. There was so much opportunity for transformation in it. I wouldn’t wish it on anybody.

00:07:19 – Florence Williams
Yes, I. I can really relate to that. Do you think, Eric, that it gets easier, that heartbreak gets easier the more you go through it? Or does it get harder? Is it cumulative? I’ve only had one big heartbreak, so I still don’t know the answer to that.

00:07:30 – Eric Zimmer
That’s a great question. I don’t think it gets easier. Well, no, I don’t think it gets easier. I do think there is a cumulative nature. You talk about this in the book, which is that the problem with heartbreak, unlike, say, death. Right. That kind of grief that comes from that is there is a element of I must not be lovable. That’s embedded in it. And when that happens multiple times, it’s almost as if you’re like, well, see more evidence. You know, I’ve got. I’ve got multiple pieces of evidence to back up this theory. Yeah. And it’s so interesting. I have been in a really good relationship with Ginny listeners. I’ve heard her on the show, and it’s been, I think, six plus years, and it’s been really good, and they’ve been six great years for me as far as my own development and all that. And I kind of wonder, like, how would I handle heartache now, heartbreak now? And I think the answer is it would still be extraordinarily painful, regardless of beast. I just don’t think it’s something that you evolve past.

00:08:32 – Florence Williams
I wonder, though, I guess the hope would be that at some point you don’t buy that story anymore of not being good enough.

00:08:39 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I think there’s that, and I think there’s the other element. That is an interesting question to think about, which is how much of how strongly I am affected by heartbreak has to do with things that have happened to me in the past that haven’t been healed.

00:08:56 – Florence Williams
That’s right. That’s right. I think that’s one of the things you learn. Yes, yes. It all comes back around.

00:09:03 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. So I’d like to think if it happened again, I would be in better shape because I had healed a lot of things. But I still think, based on the way we’re wired up, that it would be very painful. So let’s talk about that. You know, one of the things you said you thought heartbreak or sadness was something that was in your brain as if it didn’t exist. But what we know, and you point out, I’m going to let you elaborate on, is that that sort of pain triggers the same places in the brain that actual, real physical pain does.

00:09:30 – Florence Williams
Yeah, that’s right. I set out to talk to neuroscientists and immunogeneticists and psychologists to find out sort of why our bodies get so kind of implicated in our emotions. And one of the things I learned, there’s been so much research on people who fall in love and the neurotransmitters associated with falling in love. I think it’s kind of probably a fun research area.

00:09:54 – Eric Zimmer
Your subjects are all happy.

00:09:56 – Florence Williams
You know, your subjects are happy. It’s all sunny. But I spoke early on to Helen Fisher, who is a biological anthropologist, and she has scanned the brains of dumped people. And while they’re looking at pictures, actually, of their sort of rejecting departing beloved. And she found that the parts of the brain that get activated are similar. Not exactly similar, but basically the same, you know, very similar to where we process physical pain. And also parts of the brain light up that are associated with craving and addiction.

00:10:31 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:10:32 – Florence Williams
You know, just because someone stops loving you doesn’t mean you stop loving them. And your body on some level, kind of misses them and notes their absence and registers that absence. And you sort of want that back. You want those brain chemicals back, if not the person itself.

00:10:47 – Eric Zimmer
Right. And in the book, you mentioned multiple times, there’s this profound feeling of not being safe.

00:10:54 – Florence Williams
Yes.

00:10:55 – Eric Zimmer
That happens when you’re dumped. The early stages of it, for me, they feel a little bit like panic.

00:11:01 – Florence Williams
Absolutely.

00:11:02 – Eric Zimmer
I wouldn’t call it a full panic attack, but it is a, to use a word you’ve got in the book, hyper vigilance. Right?

00:11:07 – Florence Williams
Yeah. You feel deeply imperiled. And it makes sense because if you think about sort of how we evolved as mammals, we are supposed to feel safety in numbers. We form deep attachments that drive our every sort of behavior. And when your primary attachment partner takes off, you literally feel alone. Your brain doesn’t really make the distinction between being rejected by love and being sort of cast out of the clan to lie on the savannah and be circled by hyenas. You know, your body registers this as a very threatening state, like a physically threatening state. And so that starts this cascade of stress hormones, norepinephrine, you know, that. Then talk to our cells, talk to our organs, talk to our immune systems where white blood cells get made in our bone marrow. And they’re designed to be very responsive to our environment and it turns out to our social state. One of the researchers I talked to said, you know, our cells listen for loneliness, and when they detect it, boy, they really kick into high gear because it’s not a place where we are supposed to live for a long time.

00:12:18 – Eric Zimmer
Right. So let’s talk about some of the things that heartbreak slash loneliness does to the body. You know, we know how it feels. We can register the pain, but there are changes throughout the body that occurred. You notate a lot of them in the book. So I wonder if you could just elaborate on a couple of them.

00:12:37 – Florence Williams
Yeah, I mean, that feeling of sort of near panic or hypervigilance sets off some very specific symptoms. For example, sleeplessness, agitation, difficulty digesting, because your body’s sort of gearing up for some kind of, you know, fight or flight. For me, it was a lot of weight loss. My blood sugars were sort of messed up. I mean, deeply messed up. My gut bacteria was messed up. I ended up with an autoimmune diagnosis some months after the split. That was type one diabetes. And what I learned from talking to researchers is that sometimes these autoimmune diseases do, in fact, have an emotional trigger. They are made worse by inflammation. And inflammation is kind of the key. So when I talked to a psychologist at the University of Arizona, David Spara, he said to me, you know, the story of divorce is an inflammation story. You know, I had never heard that before. And so then I met with a researcher at UCLA, and we actually analyzed my genetic markers, my transcription factors, which are basically signatures for inflammation. And we did this at various time points after the separation. And that became kind of one of the central threads of the book, kind of looking at how my cells were responding to loneliness and how they were responding to different science based interventions that I was very eager to try in this sort of urgent bid to feel better, to feel healthier.

00:14:02 – Eric Zimmer
I love that aspect of the book. You’ve got biomarkers that you’re trying to sort of pay attention to to see what’s working, what’s not, in addition to just the. The correlation and making the correlation to how I’m actually feeling. Right. And I think that naturally, a lot of us will emerge from heartbreak and hopefully start going, all right, what’s this next phase of my life look like? And we start adding and building things in which I think is a natural process, and you go through it. And I just love that you’re also bringing the science along with it. You know, it’s interesting, when you said that the story of divorce is an inflammation story, there’s also. You’re talking about heart health at a different point in the book. One of the people you quote, the tragedies of life are largely arterial. So there’s actual heart aspects to this also.

00:14:51 – Florence Williams
Yeah. It’s so fascinating to me that, you know, for millennia, cultures across time have known that the heart is in some ways the seat of the emotions, probably because it’s, you know, one of the few organs we can actually feel. We can feel it pumping.

00:15:05 – Eric Zimmer
I.

00:15:05 – Florence Williams
We know it stops sometimes, you know, during crises. And people have known for a long time, too, that, you know, of course, husbands and wives sometimes die within a couple of days of each other or within months of each other because their heart stop. But it was only in the 1990s that researchers in Japan were able to start imaging the heart during heart failure to see that people were coming into the hospital with sort of symptoms of heart attack, but there was no sign of an arterial blockage, which is. Is kind of the standard cause of a heart attack. Instead, these people were experiencing this weird distension of the left ventricle quadrant of the heart. So it was like ballooning out and then being unable to pump correctly. And they named it Takeatsubo, after a lobster pot, which has this very bulbous head and a narrow neck. So it looked like this quadrant of the heart. So it’s the stress hormones, like adrenaline, landing on receptors in the heart and causing it to just literally balloon out like that and sort of freak out. So we know now that takeotsubo makes up about 5%, probably, of all heart failures, you know, showing up in the hospital. About 5% of those cases will result in death. Another 20% will result in, you know, continued sort of cardiac risk. And we know that especially middle aged, postmenopausal women are about 80% of the patients, which is kind of interesting. So there seems to be something protective about the estrogen sort of counteracting that adrenaline. But we know that people suffer this kind of heart failure after the death of a spouse or the death even of a pet. Sometimes it’s after the death of a sports team that you’re particularly. There are cases in the literature men suffering this when their sport team loses the World cup. And sometimes it just seems to happen, you know, for no known reason. But this is really interesting. There are cases that really spike after natural disasters when there’s a lot of, you know, adrenaline that makes sense. And there’s just recently a new study showing that cases have spiked during the pandemic, during COVID Interesting, especially in women.

00:17:16 – Eric Zimmer
Interesting. So do we know of any things that make any factors that make us more susceptible to the really damaging effects of heartbreak or of having, like, heartbreak tear us up more? Is there anything that sort of says, like, people like this or have had this happen or this sort of thing are more likely to have, like, just heartbreak, to feel catastrophic versus people who might say, well, you know, yeah, I mean, again, I’m not saying anybody’s gonna be like, well, big deal, right. But I seem to be one of those people. For whatever reason, it was earth shattering to me.

00:17:53 – Florence Williams
Yeah, right.

00:17:54 – Eric Zimmer
And I had friends who, yeah, it was painful, but it did not seem to just devastate them in the same way it did me. And I just don’t know. Is there anything that explains that sort of difference?

00:18:06 – Florence Williams
Yes, you know, we know that there are personality traits that seem to make people both more resilient and a little bit less resilient. You know, the data is not destiny here. But in general, people who, on personality tests, you know, sort of register as being a little bit more neurotic, a little bit more introspective, a little bit more anxious, you know, sort of tend to ruminate and cognitively engage, you know, with their emotions, are going to be harder hit, you know, by some of these emotional blows. And also, we know that people who’ve had early life traumas and childhood traumas are going to be more susceptible, you know, to future challenges. But I was so encouraged to talk to Florence Williams at the University of Utah, who said, you know, yes, we know heartbreak is really hard, and we know that especially, you know, people who split up after these long term relationships and divorces. Do you have higher risk for early death? They have higher risk for depression. They have higher risk for metabolic disease, for cardiac disease? I mean, it’s kind of a grim litany, frankly. But we also know that there are certain traits that make you more resilient. And this was the really heartwarming news to me. You can actually cultivate some of those traits and try to become better at them. And the one that was surprising to me and changed the trajectory of my whole reporting over the two or three years of this book was, she said, the people who can really engage with beauty, people who can experience awe on a regular basis, who can cultivate awe, these are the people who seem to be able to make more meaning and sense of their tragedies. They can create more connections between their frontal cortex, which is kind of their seat of their self concept, and their sensory and motor parts of their brains, in a way that that helps them create meaning, helps them find perspective, helps them experience conflicting emotions like, yes, utter pain, but also, wow, joy and beauty and possibility. The people who might be able to find a kernel of optimism in that, that became true for me during the course of my journey. So I just glommed onto that as life saving advice. Not only could I experience beauty, but she was telling me that I could get a. Get better at it.

00:21:02 – Eric Zimmer
The trait you’re describing is often considered on a standard personality test. How open are you to new things? Right. How open are you in general?

00:21:11 – Florence Williams
Yes.

00:21:11 – Eric Zimmer
And there’s a lot of people that say, you know, where you land on that personality test is sort of where you are. Like, these things don’t move. Right.

00:21:19 – Florence Williams
They don’t tend to move much.

00:21:21 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. You’re stating that you’re either introverted or you’re not right? Yeah. And so, you know, openness to new experience and the ability to find beauty, you’re saying, is trainable. What are some of the ways to do that?

00:21:34 – Florence Williams
Well, she’s a huge fan of starting early. So, for example, childhood art education. You know, it’s just tragedy, really, that we don’t have more of this, you know, in our schooling system in the United States. But this kind of developing an appreciation for art and for beauty is a lifelong gift that’s going to help you survive totally the blows of life. And so, you know, wonderful if we could start that early. But with things like awe and beauty, you know, it’s sort of like a mindful practice. You can go out, you know, around your block and you can say, okay, I’m going to find some things that are beautiful on this walk around my block, and I’m going to look at this flower. There’s a way to sort of, and I love this micro dose awe that I learned about from a study that I participated in where there’s an acronym for awe, awe, where the a is attention. So, you know, on your walk or as you’re going through life or even inside your house, you know, if you have a house plant or you have an incredible meal or you’re looking at your baby, you know, attend. Right? Just pay attention to that. And of course, philosophers talk about this all the time, that attention is love and love is attention. You know, don’t space out while you’re looking at this beautiful blossom. And then the w is for weight, so stay with it. Stay with that attention. And the e is just exhale just two breaths.

00:23:02 – Eric Zimmer
Say that last one again.

00:23:04 – Florence Williams
Exhale, exhale. You know, so you may be staying with this moment of Beauty for a couple of breaths. You know, it’s like a 1 minute practice. And if you do it a couple times a day, there is some emerging data showing that it really does improve people’s well being. It improves their moods. It improves their feeling of purpose in their lives. It gives them some perspective. We know that the science of awe is so interesting also relatively new field of study. But in the presence of something beautiful, we are kind of naturally pulled out of our own thoughts. Our rumination sort of stops dead for a minute when the moon comes up or when we notice the owl in front of us on the path or whatever it is. And I’ve had that experience where I’ve been just so lost in some kind of conversation that I’m thinking about that I had. And then this owl jumped out in front of me on the trail, and it was like, whoa. Completely stopped thinking about what I was thinking about. I felt the presence of something beyond myself. Right. And that in itself is an incredibly helpful just feeling of connection and perspective.

00:24:13 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. I love that acronym usage. And I love the idea of the weight and the exhale. Reminds me of Rick Hansen, who talks about a practice taking in the good, which is pretty much the same thing. If you’re HavInG a good experience, stay with it a little bit. Give it. Savor it. Give it a little more attention. There are other attentional exercises that I think can be very helpful in this regard, too, which is things like, you know, I often play with seeing the edges of everything.

00:24:46 – Florence Williams
What would be an example of that?

00:24:48 – Eric Zimmer
Well, if I’m looking out my window right now, I mean, I’ve looked out this window 10,000 times. Right. And what we know, you know, about the brain’s sort of predictive nature, right. Is that there are. Some people believe that I’m not even really registering what’s out there at some level. Right. My brain is sending down a prediction of what it expects to see. My senses are sending up what they do see, and if they match, I never have to process it. So something like looking at the edges would just be like, let me look at the edge of everything I see. Where are the edges of that building? Where are the edges of that tree? It just causes me to have to actually look.

00:25:26 – Florence Williams
That’s interesting.

00:25:27 – Eric Zimmer
Or you could do this with color. You know, let me see all the green that’s out there. It’s a way for me of. I think, of actually looking.

00:25:36 – Florence Williams
Yeah. And it pulls you into some kind of process that’s not about your head, your thoughts.

00:25:42 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, that’s right. Now, the thing that you’re talking about, though, is the element that goes a little bit beyond that, which is how do you then go from that sort of mechanical thing into a little bit more of a state of almost appreciation. Right. But as they say, I think Mary Oliver said it best. Right. That attention is the beginning of devotion. Right.

00:26:05 – Florence Williams
There you go. Yep.

00:26:06 – Eric Zimmer
You know, so how do we devote ourselves to something? We pay attention to it. And I think, you know, my Zen training talks so much about this, about just the ordinary thing. If you give it enough attention, it will come alive.

00:26:17 – Florence Williams
And I think you do get better at it the more you do it.

00:26:21 – Eric Zimmer
Yes.

00:26:22 – Florence Williams
For example, I’m during the pandemic, one of my little rituals, when I, you know, we all felt so housebound and isolated, and I would walk every night to go look at the sunset. And it just became, you know, this automatic part of my day. It’s like, oh, time for the sunset. I’m gonna run, run down the street and go look at the sunset. And it’s, when you do that, it’s impossible not to sort of drink it in, you know, like this bomb it just, you. You become better at doing it, I think.

00:26:49 – Eric Zimmer
So you found over that time that you began to develop the skill of appreciating the sunset more.

00:26:55 – Florence Williams
Yeah. And really trying to sort of access the awe in it as well.

00:26:59 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:27:00 – Florence Williams
To find myself stilled by that beauty.

00:27:03 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:27:04 – Florence Williams
And then the other interesting thing that happened is that there were a number of my neighbors doing the same thing. And so, you know, I would see the same people every night and I felt closer to them. You know, I didn’t know them, but pretty soon I did and we would say hello. And so it became not just this personal awe experience, but it became a collective awe experience, which was incredibly comforting and, you know, a really nice anecdote to loneliness. If you can experience that kind of unselfing in the presence of other people, it sort of amplifies it, I think.

00:27:39 – Eric Zimmer
So it sounds like you had a location that multiple people agreed was an optimal place to watch a sunset from. Is that accurate? Yeah.

00:27:47 – Florence Williams
So I live in Washington, DC, and I’m about, I don’t know, five blocks or so from the bluffs overlooking the Potomac river. So it’s one of the few places where you actually can get a little bit of a vista.

00:27:59 – Eric Zimmer
Got it.

00:27:59 – Florence Williams
It looks west and there’s the sunset. Wow. I mean, it just, you know, some nights it was. It was lame, but usually it was pretty great.

00:28:06 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. Yeah. So let’s move into. Now we’ve talked about what heartbreak is, how difficult it is for us, the things it does to us. Let’s talk about where did you start to turn for healing? I don’t think we’re going to get through all of it, but maybe, you know, highlight a few key places.

00:28:26 – Florence Williams
Sure. I became so motivated to try to do what was kind of science based in my kind of urgent bid to get healthier. And so I turned, per this conversation with Florence Williams, I turned to spending a lot of time in nature trying to focus on beauty. I went on a wilderness trip to even try to kind of crank up the volume on the awe and the immersion. So I embarked on a 30 day wilderness trip. I did half of it alone, which had kind of some unexpected results, I would say. Actually it was good in some ways. It was not as helpful in other ways. I did some EMDR therapy, which is supposed to be good for emotional trauma, and there’s some interesting emerging research about that. And I did some psychedelics, actually working with a clinician in a therapeutic setting, again, to, I would say, heightened the awe kind of dose that I was trying to go for. And there’s a lot of science there, of course, and it was really helpful to me.

00:29:23 – Eric Zimmer
So let’s start with nature. You wrote a book called the Nature Fix, which was all about how nature is healing for us and critical for us as humans. Did you find yourself naturally just. I guess that’s a funny sentence, naturally turning into nature, like you just kind of knew it and you went to it? Or was it a case of sort of having to rediscover that?

00:29:43 – Florence Williams
I was so primed already to think that nature could be helpful. Having written the nature fix, I felt like I was leaning on every lesson I learned from that book, not just because, you know, the subtitle of that book was how to be health, happier, healthier, and more creative. Now I felt like I needed it to survive. You know, it was a whole different level of kind of need. And so it was an intuitive place for me to try to seek help. But in that book, I only talk about sort of the dose curve of nature immersion up to three days. Like, I end the book with the so called three day effect. It talks about the interesting things that happen to your. Your brain and your body after three days outside. And I felt like, okay, but I feed a lot more than three days because this is a really big heartbreak. I’m going to go for 30 days.

00:30:32 – Eric Zimmer
So what were the aspects of that that felt really healing? And what were the aspects of that that felt more challenging?

00:30:38 – Florence Williams
Well, I did half of the trip with other people and half of the trip alone. So the first half was the half with other people. And, you know, for me, I loved the planning the trip. Even the logistics of an expedition can actually pull you out of kind of the limbic parts of your brain and force you to sort of be really cerebral in a way that’s helpful. Right. To deep emotions. And then I also just wanted to spend good times with my friends and family. I felt so much comfort from being surrounded by them. I had all of these friends and family who signed on, and so I felt very supported by them. They were helping me kind of self actualize, but also, they just also really liked being on the river. And so it was kind of a lot of jolly times. Say it was sort of jolly and fun.

00:31:25 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:31:25 – Florence Williams
And then everyone disappeared and it was like, okay, now I’m going to do the really deep work here. I’m going to learn how to be alone because I have not ever in my life been alone since I met my husband when I was 18. I’m going to learn to access bravery since I’m scared of this future that looks so different and so feel so insecure. I wanted to feel the metaphor of paddling from one destination to another tell.

00:31:55 – Eric Zimmer
Listeners about what the trip was real quick.

00:31:57 – Florence Williams
Yeah, so it was 30 days down the green river in Utah, starts in southwestern Wyoming, and then flows through a lot of Utah to merge with the Colorado river in Canyonlands National park. It’s one of the sort of premier river trips you can do in the United States where you can be on the river for that long. You know, most of it is through public land. So you need a series of permits to go through these different canyons. There are different permitting agencies, including indian reservation. So it’s, you know, it’s logistically complicated for the solo piece. I was in Canyonlands National park for most of that. Also some Bureau of Land Management land. And so there’s only one resupply point in that two weeks, one road that goes in. So I had to sort of line that up, you know, plan the food. And I felt like I just needed to mark this passage in my life by doing something kind of grand and something that would carry me through this passage into what I thought would be kind of a better story of myself as literally the pilot of my own boat. Metaphors were just irresistible to me.

00:33:11 – Eric Zimmer
And so what were the good and bad parts of those 15 days?

00:33:15 – Florence Williams
I think that I did access a lot of bravery. I think I felt like, okay, I can be alone. I can take care of myself. I can be self reliant. But I also had this realization that I don’t want to be, that I don’t want to be alone. I don’t want to take care of myself. I learned that. And it’s just through the absence of having other people around me that the value of having other people around you is to help you not feel so bad about yourself. You know, that if you tend to go down these dark rabbit holes, it’s the company of people you love who help pull you out of that. You know, it’s one of the tremendous values of our social, you know, instincts. But, you know, beyond that, we are healthiest when we don’t just rely on ourselves. It’s kind of our cellular superfuel as a species that we do help each other. And so if we deny ourselves that opportunity, we’re just not going to kind of hit our real potential, I think. And those were all big revelations for me because I don’t think I had wanted to rely on other people so much. I think I did want to kind of embrace this kind of self reliance. You know, this is the myth that we’re all sort of fed from such an early age. I also wanted to connect with people through dark emotions. You know, I think I had been taught that dark emotions aren’t necessarily something you want to share with other people. Nobody’s comfortable with them. Let’s just put on a happy face and keep going. And I found myself so resisting that and wanting to sort of have more authentic connections with people in my life that necessarily involved expressing that.

00:35:18 – Eric Zimmer
I think earlier on, and this is certainly my journey also in this, which was earlier on my view of spiritual development, of getting healthier, of being psychologically well, all that was kind of. There was an element of self reliance in it, and there was an element of psychologically healthy people don’t need other people. Right. Sort of a codependency. Right. The opposite of codependency. Codependency was saying, you know, you lean on other people too much, you care too much what they think, it’s what rules your life. That’s a problem. And certainly it can be. But more and more, I’m seeing people talking about the fact that we are social creatures that do need each other, and there is a healthy way to do that. Not only is there a healthy way to do it, it is healthier for us to do it, to find connection and that we thrive best in connection with other people. And it just seems that that is a theme that is coming up more and more.

00:36:25 – Florence Williams
I love it that people are talking about this more. And in some ways, I think one of the silver linings of the pandemic is that we have realized the value of connection more, and we’ve kind of fallen on our knees a little bit and said, yeah, this is a hard time. Let’s talk about mental health. I think those are really, really positive developments, but I also worry about, especially younger people now who do consider themselves the loneliest demographic, which is so interesting. They’re the most anxious, they’re the most lonely. They’re the most concerned about their mental health. I worry about them, and I think that they live in very challenging times where they are not making the authentic connections, maybe that we sort of grew up with in the absence of the Internet, in the absence of social media.

00:37:13 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. I think there’s another element to that that I think is interesting, which is there’s an idea out there that stress becomes stress when you perceive it to be harmful to you. Or let me say that differently, stress becomes harmful when you perceive it to be harmful. Harmful. Right.

00:37:30 – Florence Williams
Right.

00:37:30 – Eric Zimmer
And I’m going to make another analogy, which is sleep, right? I’ve rebelled a little bit in my own head and with people close to me a little bit with what I refer to as the sleep police, right. Because now everybody is saying, like, you’ve got to get 8 hours of sleep or, you know, you’ll, you’ll get the bubonic plague next week, right? Which I get the over correction saying, look, this is really important, but I have restless leg syndrome. And when it kicks in, I don’t sleep well. Well. And so now I’m not sleeping well. And all I’m hearing all the time is how destructive it is to me that I’m not sleeping well. And I worry that all this research about how bad it is to be lonely could be doing the same thing to people who are already lonely. And now they’re being added to that is, oh God, how bad is it for me to be lonely? And to the extent that any of those things help us take positive change, to the extent that the sleep police help somebody to go, you know what? This 5 hours of sleep nonsense I’m doing isn’t really a good idea. I should put more effort into getting sleep really positive. To the extent that knowing how destructive loneliness is to us helps us move towards positive direction, I think it’s helpful. But I worry about a tipping point with all this stuff.

00:38:51 – Florence Williams
I think you’re right, but loneliness is such an interesting emotion because it’s subjective. So you can be in a marriage and feel lonely. You can live in a house full of people and feel lonely. And yet it seems to have a very highly adapted reason, which is that it is a signal. The feeling of loneliness tends to make us feel like there’s something we don’t have that we want. There’s a disconnect between what we want and what we have. And by noticing that and feeling it, it actually is supposed to, I think, propel behavior drives us to seek a little bit of comfort or a little bit of connection. The irony though, is that if you feel lonely for too long, it kind of does the opposite. It makes it harder for you to have connection because you’re more suspicious of other people. You maybe feel worse about yourself. It’s one of these emotions, sort of like heartbreak, that I think exists for a reason, but it can also kind of morph into something more destructive if it lasts for too long.

00:39:54 – Eric Zimmer
That’s a really great point. It turns into something that’s harder to get out of the longer you’re in it.

00:39:59 – Florence Williams
Right.

00:40:00 – Eric Zimmer
And what I find really interesting is, you know, you just stated something, which is that kids these days, you know, teenagers, are considered the loneliest. Now, forever, it’s been senior citizens. Right. Senior citizens were, you know, it was just very clear they were the loneliest. And we understand why. Right. Their partners are passing away. Their friends are passing in a way. They don’t have a job. Right. They’re isolated in ways. But it is sort of stunning that kids feel that way now. I’m not even sure what to do with that information.

00:40:30 – Florence Williams
I don’t know either, but I think we need to pay attention to it. I’m really concerned about it.

00:40:34 – Eric Zimmer
Me, too. I’m concerned that the people who generally have the most energy to solve that problem don’t feel like they can solve it. You know, youth does have an energy of, I feel like, the ability to make things happen. And I get. When you’re 70, it’s much harder to be like, all right, I’m going to go to three social events today. Right. You’re tired, but when you’re 18, that’s a different thing. And so, yeah, I’m with you. I find it somewhat alarming.

00:41:02 – Florence Williams
Yeah. It’s why I feel, frankly, so motivated to talk about the things that can help build resilience, such as authentic connection to other people, but also to the natural world. You know, I really do believe that by helping young people connect to nature, by helping them get out of their own anxieties a little bit, you know, I do very strongly feel that it’s part of the solution.

00:41:26 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I do, too, 100%. I remember my last bad heartbreak, and I remember exactly what I did. I just made a last minute decision to go to this nature retreat in Ohio for, like, four days. And it’s basically. It’s entirely off grid. You’re by yourself more or less, except meals are provided for you. And it was transformative for me. It kicked off something really valuable in my life. And, you know, nature was certainly a big part of that. So I think that is one path. And did your research lead you into other paths out of loneliness for people?

00:42:00 – Florence Williams
Yes. So, you know, I told you that we did this experiment where we looked at my white blood cells for markers of inflammation and also for markers of virus fighting ability, which is something you really want when you’re going into a pandemic.

00:42:15 – Eric Zimmer
Yes.

00:42:17 – Florence Williams
With this researcher, Steve Cole, who has, in fact, done a lot of interventions with populations where he’s looked at their immune cells and how they may improve after, for example, they try Zen meditation or after they try volunteering in schools. And what he has found is that where he sees the best improvements in people’s immune cells immune profiles is not necessarily when they report feeling happier or kind of more mirthful or they’re able to seek more pleasure. He says that he sees the biggest improvements when they feel like they have meaning in their lives and purpose in their lives. And that’s not the same thing as waking up every morning, you know, feeling amused, totally, and sort of, you know, calm. It’s this kind of larger. Right. North Star. And so I thought that was fascinating and also not something that we hear of as an antidote to heartbreak or an antidote to loneliness. You know, it’s not necessarily being with other people. It’s feeling like you’re doing something worthwhile, like, there is a why that you are answering in your life. And eventually, ideally, that will lead to feelings of connection with other people.

00:43:26 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. My experience. I mean, I have sort of a close, firsthand experience with that, which was in AA, which was a big part of my life for a long time. That was the foundational element. Right. Which was to work with other people who were struggling with what you were struggling. And that’s not exactly what you’re saying, but what it was was purpose, it was service, and it was connection.

00:43:49 – Florence Williams
Exactly.

00:43:50 – Eric Zimmer
The line that I remember was nothing. So much ensures immunity from drinking than working with another alcoholic. There’s some AA people out there who are gonna be like, you didn’t quite get that. But it’s close. It’s close. And so, yeah, I agree. I think that’s so important. The other thing I’ve been thinking about, I think a lot about how do people build community? How do people go from being lonely? You know, how does this happen? And one of the things I’ve realized recently is that it’s not that I realized. I found some research recently that said, you know, in order to make connection with a new person, right? So if you’ve already got existing connections, right. Nurture them. Right. But if you need to make new ones, you’re just like, I just don’t have any in my life, or I have very few, and I need to make new ones. It takes a lot of time it does, yeah. And so what I see a lot of people doing, and I’ve done this in the past, is I go, all right, you know what? I got to find some connection. I’m going to go to the local meditation group because I’m interested in meditation. There’ll be people there that are like me, and that’s how I’m going to do it. And I go once or twice and I don’t feel connected because that’s not how it works. And so then I go, this isn’t working, and I give up. Or I do a volunteer thing that only happens once or twice, and that’s not enough time either. So one of the things that I’ve been talking with people about is really saying, you know what? Pick a couple things. But it’s going to take a commitment. It’s going to take, I’ve got to keep going even when I’m uncomfortable, even when I feel like I don’t fit in even in the beginning, because it just takes a certain number of hours. The research is different on how long it is, and I’m always skeptical of, like, 21 days to a new habit. Right. It’s so variable. So it takes more than seeing somebody twice for an hour.

00:45:35 – Florence Williams
That’s right. And I think that there are other ways to connect and to feel connection. I mean, you know, face to face with other people is one way. It’s a great way. But you can have a meaningful connection with a pet. You can have meaningful connection. And I’m really big on this with nature. You know, if you have a sort of favorite spot or a couple of spots where you can go where you get to know the seasons and you get to know the birds and you get to know, you know, the patterns of the water or the rocks. You know, it sounds a little goofy to say it, but I think there’s some compelling research here showing that when people can feel connected to the natural world, it can be a great antidote, actually, for loneliness.

00:46:16 – Eric Zimmer
Yes. I think that’s a really important point to kind of keep coming back to. It’s not only other people. There are lots of ways to connect. And even back to what we were talking about earlier around beauty and art, I have deep connections to pieces of art, pieces of music, things that do feel like connection, they are valued.

00:46:36 – Florence Williams
So I guess, like the great trifecta, you know, to sort of sum it up, the great trifecta of kind of heartbreak antidote or loneliness antidote seems to be this sort of beauty plus connection plus purpose. I think it’s very hard to rely too much on one of those over the other. It seems to be, you know, in combination seems to be sort of a pathway into ultimately feeling a sense of belonging, feeling like the things that you do matter, and ultimately, of course, increasing your capacity for love, which is really what it’s all about.

00:47:11 – Eric Zimmer
Well, I can’t think of a more beautiful place to just kind of wrap up. That was a great summary there. Beauty, purpose and connection. I want to take a second and let you share a little bit about. There’s an audio version of your book, which I think is really exciting. One of the things that’s so great about so many of these books like yours is you talk to so many interesting people and we get you sort of giving us that in the writing, but I think in the audiobook, we can actually hear these people, right?

00:47:40 – Florence Williams
Yeah. Thanks so much for asking about that. I’m really proud of this audiobook that we made. That’s very unusual. As I went around reporting the research for this book, I had my tape recorder and I taped everyone I talked to. I also taped myself in an audio journal. I taped my friends. I taped my therapist. And so when we made the audiobook, we decided to actually pull that tape into the book. So it’s not just me reading the text, it’s actually these real conversations layered in as well as really beautiful music and sound design. And so it feels like a very immersive, I think, audio experience, and I hope people will check it out.

00:48:19 – Eric Zimmer
And it sounds like a lovely companion for being heartbroken.

00:48:24 – Florence Williams
I hope so. You know, I really wanted the book to be hopeful because I think that heartbreak is, you know, as difficult as it is, it is a path to transformation and how lucky that we can get that 100%.

00:48:37 – Eric Zimmer
Well, Florence, thank you so much for coming back on. It is always a pleasure to talk with you.

00:48:42 – Florence Williams
You too, Eric. Thank you so much for having me.

00:49:00 – Chris Forbes
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Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How AI Can Elevate Spiritual Intelligence and Personal Well-Being with Deepak Chopra

August 27, 2024 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Deepak Chopra, a renowned figure in the fields of holistic health and spiritual wellness, discusses how AI can elevate spiritual intelligence and personal well-being His expertise in integrating Eastern philosophy with Western medicine has made him a leading voice in the dialogue surrounding the impact of AI on spiritual intelligence, suicide prevention, and mental health awareness. Through his insights and initiatives, Chopra continues to inspire holistic well-being and enhanced spiritual awareness among individuals seeking personal growth and fulfillment.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Discover how to unlock the power of Dharma in your life
  • Explore the profound impact of AI on expanding your spiritual intelligence
  • Learn effective strategies to address mental health challenges in young people
  • Uncover powerful techniques for overcoming depression and reclaiming your joy
  • Embrace the role of technology as a tool for enhancing your overall well-being

Deepak Chopra is the founder of the Chopra Foundation, a non-profit entity for research on well-being and humanitarianism, and Chopra Global, a modern-day health company at the intersection of science and spirituality. He is a Clinical Professor of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of California, San Diego and serves as a senior scientist with Gallup Organization. He is also an Honorary Fellow in Medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. He is the author of over 95 books translated into over forty-three languages, including numerous New York Times bestsellers. For the last thirty years, Chopra has been at the forefront of the meditation revolution, and in his latest book, is Digital Dharma. TIME magazine has described Dr. Chopra as “one of their top 100
most influential people.”

Connect with Deepak Chopra: Website | Instagram | X

  • Sages & Scientists Symposium
  • Never Alone Initiative
  • Digital Deepak

If you enjoyed this conversation with Deepak Chopra, check out these other episodes:

How AI Answers Life’s Biggest Questions with Iain Thomas & Jasmine Wang

How to Live in the Light with Deepak Chopra

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Episode Transcript:

00:00:00 – Deepak Chopra
What we call anger is the memory of trauma. Hostility is the desire to get even. Guilt and shame is blaming yourself and the depletion of energy that happens with those emotions is actually what we call depression.

00:00:21 – Chris Forbes
Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet for many of us, our thoughts dont strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self pity, jealousy or fear. We see what we dont have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But its not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolves. Thanks for joining us. Our guest on this episode is returning for the second time on the podcast. It’s Deepak Chopra. He is the founder of the Chopra Foundation, a non profit entity for research on well being and humanitarianism. And Chopra Global, a modern day health company at the intersection of science and spirituality. Deepak Chopra is board certified in internal medicine, endocrinology and metabolism. He’s a fellow at the AmErican College of Physicians and a member of the AmErican association of Clinical Endocrinologists. He serves as clinical professor of medicine at the University of California, San Diego. He’s also the host of the podcast Daily Breath and the author of over 90 books, including the one discussed here, digital how AI can elevate spiritual intelligence and personal well being.

00:02:09 – Eric Zimmer
Hi Deepak, welcome to the show.

00:02:10 – Deepak Chopra
Thank you for having me again, Eric.

00:02:12 – Eric Zimmer
Yes, pleasure to have you back on. We’re going to be discussing a couple of different things here. We’re going to be discussing a new book you wrote called Digital how AI can elevate spiritual intelligence and personal well being. We’re also going to talk about a new initiative you have called the Never Alone initiative. But before we get into all that, we’ll start like we always do, which is with the parable. In the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops and they think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

00:03:07 – Deepak Chopra
My life is about two freedom from suffering and how can you live the best life possible, as in the phrase follow your bliss? Joseph CAMpbelL so when I talk about digital Dharma, or dharma in general, which is a difficult concept for most people, dharma is how do you fit into the order of the universe? Ultimately, who you are beyond all the labels and definitions and stories about you, and ultimately who you are, is a field of infinite potential. You are immeasurable. You are infinite. You are timeless. You are eternal. And only your stories are in the realm of the finite. So how do you get to that place which is independent of the good and bad opinions of the world? How do you get to that place which is fearless? How do you get to the place where you feel beneath no one, and not necessarily superior to anyone either? How do you get to that place of ultimate freedom to follow your bliss, the best life possible?

00:04:28 – Eric Zimmer
That’s a beautiful answer. And I’m going to dive in for a second on this word dharma, just a little bit for a second, because dharma, as you said, is sort of our path or the path, yes. And you’re talking about this timeless awareness that is inside of us that is bigger than our personal stories. Would that be an accurate way of saying it?

00:04:52 – Deepak Chopra
Yes.

00:04:53 – Eric Zimmer
So, given that, is my dharma different than your dharma?

00:04:57 – Deepak Chopra
Well, if you understand dharma also as life purpose, then dharma exists at several levels. And you could almost say it’s an extension of Abraham Maslow’s idea of the hierarchy of needs. So your dharma is to be secure. Safety and survival for yourself. Your dharma is also to seek personal pleasure, whether, you know, personal pleasure through the five senses, because we are essential beings. Your dharma is also about changing adversity into opportunity. But those are very basic levels. Survival, safety, transformation, power, self esteem. Those are very basic. Beyond that, your dharma starts to move in a direction which is more spiritual. Love and belongingness, creative expression and insight and intuition and imagination, higher consciousness and transcendence, which is enlightenment. So, yes, along the way, we choose different paths, but ultimately, the peak of the mountain is total freedom and unleashing your infinite potential. That is common to you and me. Along the way, you know, many paths leading to the peak of the mountain.

00:06:25 – Eric Zimmer
That’s a great way of summarizing. I really like that, that we’re all going to have our different paths up to the mountain. But at a certain level, there is this timeless, infinite thing that is the same in me as it is in you. But on our way to that, we are actually very different. And our paths will reflect and should reflect that difference.

00:06:46 – Deepak Chopra
Correct.

00:06:46 – Eric Zimmer
So before we get into your latest book, Digital Dharma, I want to spend a little bit of time and talk about something called the Never Alone initiative. Can you share with me what the never alone initiative is?

00:07:01 – Deepak Chopra
I’ll share with you how it started. So it started during COVID or just when Covid came. And I and some of the people in our foundation, we learned that suicide was the second most common cause of death among teens. We also learned that every 40 seconds, somebody in the world was dying from suicide. And even when he says second most common cause of death amongst teens, the first common cause is accidents and drugs, which is also linked to depression. So depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, shame, humiliation seems to be actually the pandemic right now. The teens were saying that it’s difficult to get through a day without crying. So we launched never alone as a community platform with four basic ideas. Attention, deep listening, affection, deep caring, and love. Appreciation, noticing the uniqueness of everyone, and acceptance, accepting everyone just as they are because they’re so unique. And then we actually used an emotional chatbot, an AI chat bot, to talk to the teens. And we were able to intervene in 6000 suicide ideations, and there were 20 million conversations happening geniusly. But over the years, what we’ve also realized is that there are superior AI platforms in dealing with depression proteins, and that probably was not our expertise. So what we have moved in the direction of never alone is a whole program called freedom from suffering, where you’re never alone, because it’s obvious that people are hyper connected and still lonely. So, you know, now we are creating programs on never alone for people to actually be educated on how they can lead a life which maximizes their potential but also connects them, you know, in the spiritual relations of the east, they say if you have maximum diversity, shared vision, emotional and spiritual bonding, and complementing each other’s strength, no problem is unsolvable. So never alone has become a platform, not only for young people, but people of all demographics, to create online and offline communities just based on the forays that I mentioned. Attention, affection, appreciation, acceptance, but also to educate them on how service, community, and some kind of reflection or spiritual inquiry or introspection practice can help elevate their lives and create freedom from suffering for them and for others. So community, spiritual discipline, and selfless service.

00:09:55 – Eric Zimmer
It’S a beautiful idea. So along with the never initiative, the healing practices that you talked about, attention, appreciation, acceptance, and affection. You also talk about sort of four toxic beliefs that are leading many of our young people to these states of despair. No one cares about me. I don’t matter. I’m weak and powerless, and I’m destined to be a victim. Talk to me about why those four beliefs felt like the key toxic beliefs you guys wanted to focus on.

00:10:28 – Deepak Chopra
It’s basically Eric’s social conditioning and cultural conditioning and parental conditioning. And we keep recycling those ideas, you know, so generation after generation, we recycle those ideas that ultimately lead to trauma. And every distress in any person can be traced to trauma, either in their childhood years or maybe even before that. You know, what we call intergenerational trauma. So what we call anger is the memory of trauma. Hostility is the desire to get even. Guilt and shame is blaming yourself, and the depletion of energy that happens with those emotions is actually what we call depression. They’re all related. Ultimately, everything can be traced back to trauma. You look at the putins of the world, or you look at, you know, the tyrants of the world. They are the ultimate, final expression of a traumatic experience that they had when they were children. So this is very important to understand that mainly emotional spirit. Let’s not even not talk about spiritual intelligence, but our emotional intelligence is shaped by our childhood experiences. And those who have been traumatized inflict trauma, only hurt people, hurt other people. This is a deep understanding, which then tells us there’s a more compassionate way to understand people who we think are toxic. And the first responsibility is get over our own toxic, limiting beliefs.

00:12:06 – Eric Zimmer
Another question I have related to this, and I’m curious what you think about this. We have, on one hand, seen an unprecedented amount over the last, let’s call it, decade, of discussion about mental health. The stigma has certainly lessened to a great degree. Maybe not around all mental disorders, and maybe not around suicide specifically, but around anxiety, depression. We talk about these things in a way we never did. The stigma isn’t there in the way that it once was. And yet, by most measures, things are getting worse in young people’s mental health. And so I’m just curious how you think about the role of lessening stigma and worsening mental health. And is there a connection? Is there a way in which the way that we’re talking about these things isn’t helpful? Are we talking about them too much? Are we missing the boat? Or is this just sort of a lagging indicator, so to speak, when we.

00:13:10 – Deepak Chopra
Talk about the stigma? I think the only way to remove the stigma is that there’s no one that has not had a, at some point in their life, mental distress. If somebody says, I’ve never had any mental distress, then, you know, they’re either lying or they’re in denial. The range, though, of mental distress starts with mild anxiety and then deeper degrees of sadness, and then there’s psychosis and schizophrenia and ultimately even suicidal ideation. So it’s a broad spectrum of people who feel sad, basically. Broad spectrum. They all have to. First of all, when we remove the stigma, we can say one way to handle the stigma is everyone has had something or the other within this range of what we call depression or sadness. That’s how we handle the stigma. Why we are not so successful is we are trying old methodologies, okay? We try psychotherapy, we try medication, and they work, but in a very limited way. And treating depression is not just above the neck. You know, we think we have to treat something here in the brain. Okay? Treating depression is a total body experience. It includes good sleep, it includes exercise, it includes healthy relationships, includes a good diet, it includes mindfulness practices, how do you breathe, how do you relate? So it’s a total body mind, exercise experience all at the same time. There’s a lot of new research on our autonomic nervous system, which is the part of our nervous system which is below our conscious awareness, and yet it dominates us. Okay? So there are two parts of the autonomic nervous system. One is in the survival mode, which is called the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the fight or flight response. And right now, the world is on sympathetic overdrive means stress. There’s another part of the nervous system called the parasympathetic nervous system, which is getting prominence now. It’s called the rest rejuvenate and digest system. Basically, it’s the healing system of the body. There’s one dominant nerve there. It’s called the vagus nerve. And now we are recognizing that the vagus nerve can be activated through eye exercises, through facial expressions, through tone of voice, through singing, through chanting, through deep breathing, through heart awareness, through interoceptive awareness, which means how do we practice awareness of what’s happening inside the body? Through laughter, through social engagement. And activating the vagus nerve is probably the healthiest way to get rid of depression because it enhances our social interactions, but it also makes us feel healthier and joyful. And anything we can do to improve that will be helpful in tackling this pandemic rather than focusing just above the head.

00:16:42 – Eric Zimmer
Later in the book, you’re talking about wholeness in general. And you talk about that, a real picture of depression is a many causes, many cures. That’s it type thing. Right. And I’ve certainly had depression at different points throughout my adult life. And that’s been, my experience is lots of different things cause it. It’s hard to tweeze apart what they are, but it’s multicolored, and it has taken a variety of really just sort of trying everything from lots of different approaches as what’s turned out to be the most robust sort of ongoing support for it. That also, not only by taking that approach, lessens depression, but just increases overall well being in so many categories.

00:17:29 – Deepak Chopra
Yeah. And there’s so many new disciplines now like nutrition and psychiatry. You know, some people will respond to just changes in their diet, and there’s no universal way of predicting which diet will work for you. But now with the advent of AI and the ability to measure biomarkers and even things like heart rate variability and other things, you know, sleep patterns, activity levels, breathing patterns, looking at metabolic rates, and using AI to actually correlate biological parameters with moods, we can have very specific intervention now, since you mentioned that. By the way, in addition to digital Dharma, which I’m holding in my hand right now, I have a new project called Digitaldepoc AI. It’s not an app. You can go on your browser anytime. And you can ask me a question in either Arabic or English or Spanish, and you’ll get my voice answering your question, and you won’t know the difference between me and my voice, but you’ll research 95 of my books, 35,000 questions that I’ve answered over four decades and everything I’ve done on YouTube or social media, and give you a very precise answer. Try it yourself afterwards, Eric, Digitaldepug AI and see if you have a question about mental health, well being, health in general, and spirituality, and test it out. Here it is. Companion to digital dharma.

00:19:09 – Eric Zimmer
This better not be digital Deepak I’m talking to right now. I expect real Deepak for these interviews.

00:19:14 – Deepak Chopra
Well, I’m not going to answer that question.

00:19:18 – Eric Zimmer
It’s crazy what these things can do. I just. I mean, I don’t have 93 books, but I have hundreds of hours of podcast interviews and me talking. I fed them to a similar thing and ask this clone of me questions, and it answers like me, but even more coherent. It’s stunning. It’s frightening and amazing. It’s not publicly available like digital Deepak. I keep him walled off.

00:19:45 – Deepak Chopra
I think we should have a digital Eric publicly available based on your podcast. Yeah.

00:19:51 – Eric Zimmer
Well, maybe the digital Eric needs to interview the digital Deepak, and we need to see what kind of craziness comes. Exactly. So let’s talk about AI. That’s your latest book, Digital Dharma, how AI can elevate spiritual intelligence and personal well being. You say early in the book that the reason that this idea of AI being able to help with well being and spiritual awareness is that few of us would link the two words consciousness and machine together. Why do you feel that AI is a tool that can help us become more spiritually aware, can help our spiritual development and our personal well being?

00:20:37 – Deepak Chopra
I think a lot of people are very savvy into what AI is and because they’re interested. But the general public in large does not understand what we call AI. The general public. And I would say in one word, anybody who understands air will say it’s not sentient, it’s not even intelligent. It’s not, certainly not conscious. What it is is a large language model. And this is very important to understand because our entire experience of the human universe is based on language. About 40,000 years ago, the human species, homo sapiens took a different road than all other species, including other hominins, or hominids, as they’re called. There were eight different kinds of humans up to, say, 40,000 years ago, when historians, deep historians, tell us something happened called the cognitive revolution, and that is homo sapiens. You and I, our ancestors, they took a different road than even the other hominids. We created a language for telling stories. All the other species and biological organisms have language, but the language is only for three mating calls, Mitchell. Reproduction, food calls, and danger calls. That’s how the species survives mating, reproduction, food, and avoiding danger. Then this particular species, which is us, we created a language of telling stories. There’s a phrase, to be human is to have a story. And the first stories were gossip. And the most common stories today are gossip that never went away. But then there was another story. It was called money. Another story called latitude, longitude, colonialism, empires. The entire human experience is built on stories, which then became other stories, which we call models. The models of physics, the model of mathematics, the model of biology, the models of philosophy, the model of science, the model of technology. There’s no human being who has access to all these stories. AI gives us access to the greatest minds of humanity from the beginning of the hunter gatherer age, through the greek Enlightenment and the european Enlightenment and the eastern sages of the upanishads. So there’s no human being who can have access to this kind of knowledge base. And this gives us a direction for wisdom. So there’s data, there’s information, there’s knowledge, and there’s wisdom. Wisdom is knowledge that can uplift us, that can improve our lives, that can even ultimately create a more peaceful, just sustainable, healthier and joyful world. And AI is a tool. It’s giving us all these roadmaps. But we have to remember that the map is not the territory, just in the same way as the menu is not the meal, you have to eat the meal, you can’t eat the menu, and you have to travel these different paths that AI is pointing to. So AI is a tool for everything that you can possibly do to improve your well being and spiritual intelligence. There’s a dark side to it, because that’s a dark side, is there? With any technology, even the invention of fire and then automobiles and then jet planes and the Internet, you know, the divine and diabolical is the human story. They go together. You started this conversation with that. You know, you can live a good life or you can live a bad life. They go together. You can’t have one, just like you can’t have up without down, hot without cold, you know, plus without minus, etcetera. All experiences. By contrast, it’s your choice. Which path do you want to travel? And, you know, so far, the spiritual path has been the path less traveled. When we think of spiritual people, we think of luminaries, Jesus Christ, Buddha, you know, Socrates, the sages of the Upanishads or of the Bible. But now that path is available to all of us.

00:24:54 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I think that’s one of the things that people often miss about AI, is that it is, in a very real sense, us. Right? I mean, it is the collective human knowledge, both in its great degree of profoundness and, you know, nonsense. AI has been trained on all of that.

00:25:16 – Deepak Chopra
I think you point to something very important. Don’t even call it artificial intelligence. AI stands for augmented human intelligence.

00:25:24 – Eric Zimmer
And so what you’ve made an attempt to do is to use AI for good, which I think is wonderful. I’ve been actually, you and I are involved in another project. You don’t know this, but rebind AI, of course. I did a book for them on the Tao Te Ching.

00:25:43 – Deepak Chopra
Wow.

00:25:44 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:25:44 – Deepak Chopra
That’s wonderful.

00:25:46 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:25:46 – Deepak Chopra
Yes, rebind. I did a book on buddhist thought. So it goes together with your.

00:25:54 – Eric Zimmer
What I loved about that project is that it was a chance to use this technology, like you said, for good. I’m a pretty big believer that the horse doesn’t go back in the barn once it’s out. Right. And so then the question is, what can I do with a horse that’s good and trying to figure that out. I think that most of us are just experimenting right now, trying to figure out, like, what is good, what is helpful, what works.

00:26:19 – Deepak Chopra
I believe that technology is part of the evolution of the human species, and once the technology comes, it can’t go back. Just like a child that’s born, you can’t return to the womb. It’s there. You can’t unlearn language once you’ve learned it, you can’t unlearn how to walk. Once you learned how to walk. The same thing holds true for technology. Either you adapt and use it to the best or you become irrelevant. That’s a darwinian principle.

00:26:48 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. So one of the things that we do know about AI, and I think maybe people make a bigger deal out of it than it actually is, and yet it’s real. It happens, is this tendency of AI to sort of hallucinate things. When you were working on digital Dharma, you know, to what extent did you find AI things that turned out not to be useful? Obviously, in the book, you’ve put in the prompts and the things that worked and that were useful were you, as you were going through that also discarding things where you were like, wait a minute, that’s, you know, that isn’t quite right or that isn’t useful.

00:27:30 – Deepak Chopra
Large language models that are out there, whether it’s chat, GPT, or it’s whatever other models, bing, etcetera. And I use all of them. When you pose a question that has never been asked before or a question that’s not familiar, even though it’s couched in language that is not familiar, then the AI makes up the answer. And that’s what hallucination is. And, you know, there are many times that happens. It’s not that common, by the way, but it’s something that will improve over time. But that’s why I created my digital twin, I would note, access any other material right now other than the material that I have created over four or five decades, there’s no possibility of hallucination. If you go to, say, digital epoch AI, that is what differentiates our AI from all other AI’s right now. So, yes, hallucination is a problem, but it’s being understood and it will ultimately be solved. But if you restrict the search engines to just a particular domain, then hallucination is unlikely. And as we speak now, there are things being developed called small language models instead of large language models. So you have AI just for, say, genetics, AI just for neuroscience, AI just for mathematics, where the chance of hallucination would be much less.

00:29:05 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I think that’s where a lot of really interesting things yet to come are, is exactly in that area where we say, instead of you being trained on everything that it can suck up, we’re going to train you on like you did. I’m going to train you on my books, which means if you’re going to say something, it is going to be something I have already said because I’ve sort of hemmed you in here to a certain degree. Yeah. So you talk about that. The guru role can be renovated for our times using AI. Say more about that.

00:29:37 – Deepak Chopra
Traditionally, in, in India, the guru was a spiritual guide and also embodied the wisdom that the guru imparted. Today, the whole realm of GUrus has become more cultish. It’s more about the Guru than about the wisdom. And sometimes the Guru and the wisdom imparted, you know, I can recycle ancient wisdom. There’s no problem with that. I can speak the language. Am I embodying it is the traditional GUru. So what AI does now, because it has access to all the wisdom, it gets the cultish, you know, Guru worship out of the way, which I think is more germane for our times, you know, and I’ve always felt that even when I took it, that, you know, people who practice, say, religion, like Christianity or Buddhism, you know, and they think of Jesus as the MesSiah, which is very appropriate to their religion. But if I was a follower of Jesus and Jesus was pointing to the moon, I would look at the moon instead of worshipping the finger. Okay, so this is what happens with us. We like the experience and the wisdom that is being imparted to us, and then we make the person who’s the messenger, the divine entity. That messenger may or may not be a divine entity, thats fine. But if Jesus had an experience, I want to learn how to have that experience. Okay. Rather than just, you know, believing his experience, Buddha had an experience. I want to know what that experience is. How can I get that experience rather than being a worshipper of Buddha? Now, thats your choice. You can do that, too. You can worship the messenger, but can you actually get the message and can you embody it in your own life? And I think AI helps us do that.

00:31:56 – Eric Zimmer
In essence, what you’re saying is that AI allows us in this case to separate the message from the messenger. Would that be a way of saying it.

00:32:06 – Deepak Chopra
Yeah, it does. It does. And not only to separate the message, to embody the message, if it resonates with us now in spiritual traditions, the message is actually very simple. It’s wisdom, courage, and embodying that. And compassion. Wisdom, courage, compassion, embodying that. And, you know, if you look at the spiritual experience these days, Eric, it’s very fashionable for people to say, I’m not religious, but I’m spiritual. It’s kind of sounds cool, but it’s, the religious experience and the spiritual experience are identical. It’s finding an identity which is transcends space and time. Your true identity outside of space and time, timeless, eternal soul or whatever. Number one. Number two, spontaneous ethical morality. Truth, goodness, beauty, harmony, love, compassion, joy, equanimity. That’s the second. And third is loss of the fear of death. This is common to all the religions. Okay, the experience. Now, people forget that that’s the experience. They just like the message, so they love the messenger, which is appropriate too, you know, because the message sounds amazing. But how can I have that same experience? How can I find my true self? How can I have spontaneous ethical behavior, not imposed, I don’t have to follow the Ten Commandments, but spontaneous ethical behavior. And thirdly, how can I lose the fear of death? Because that’s another part of the whole journey, spiritual journey, something called the dark night of the soul. So, you know, you and I, or anyone out there is ultimately going to get old. Consider old already, because I’m 78 chronologically, not biologically. You get old, you have infirmity, and then there’s death. That will never go away. No matter how healthy you are, no matter how much money you have, no matter what kind of relationships you have, you will get old, you will get infirmity, and you will die. That’s where spirituality comes in.

00:34:12 – Eric Zimmer
I’m going to take us a slightly different direction for a second, but this is a question that’s been on my mind lately. As somebody who is chronologically also getting older, everybody’s. Yes, I guess that’s true. All of us. I think there are different points in our lives where it becomes a little bit more kind of in your face, so to speak. And I was the sort of person that thought that I didn’t have much fear of death. Something has happened in the last couple years where the fact that I’m going to get old, I am getting old, am going to die, has become more salient. Do you feel like sometimes that the only way to truly get through that fear is to actually encounter it for real? Yes.

00:34:56 – Deepak Chopra
And somehow I was lucky enough to have that imparted to me in my childhood. You know, my mother would say that since everybody is headed in the direction of dusty death, to be in denial of it is actually to create more fear. But to be aware that death is stalking you every moment of your life. You look behind and the prince of death is behind you. Then you look behind again, and he’s closer. There was some french philosopher, he said, I forget the name right now. He said, we are all on death row. The only uncertainty is the method of execution and the length of reprieve. So I’m very conscious of the prince of death behind me and getting closer. That makes every moment absolutely very precious. Because when I die, particular storyline will die, but not the consciousness that weaves infinite stories for itself.

00:35:56 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. Like I said, it’s the sort of thing that I’ve thought a lot about. And maybe it’s just looking over my shoulder and seeing like he’s gaining ground has caused me to be a little bit less nonchalant about it than I was before. But I have also been sort of framing it in the sense of like, okay, well, now is a new chance to reckon with it yet again, right? Because it’s going to keep coming.

00:36:22 – Deepak Chopra
And it’s a chance to ask yourself, who am I? Am I that fertilized egg? Or am I that baby or toddler or teenager, young adult, mature adult, all the way to dusty death? In fact, if you identify with anyone of those stories, then you are actually denying something much more profound. Who you are is not your current storyline. In fact, we worry about children that don’t develop. Right. If your child didn’t develop into teenage years, you would worry. If you were stuck at teenage years, you would worry also. So evolution is part of our journey, and change is part of our experience. And actually change and flow is what consciousness does. And we want to get stuck at a particular stage of development, which would be very worrisome. We would all be frozen mummies in a universe that would be a museum.

00:37:23 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. Let’s talk about something else you talk about in the new book, where you talk about two companions. I and it explain that for us.

00:37:32 – Deepak Chopra
That analogy is taken from an ancient aphorism in the vedantic tradition where you have the metaphor of two birds and they’re identical. The birds are identical. One bird is enjoying the fruits of pleasure and pain. So you see one bird pecking at a fruit and basically going through life, pleasure, pain, both. You can’t have one with it. And the other is watching silently, not participating. And there. So we have these roles. One is we are totally immersed in the role, and that’s our ego identity, our personality, or whatever we think, our self images created by social constructs. But there’s a deeper awareness that is the background against which this change occurs. Right now, people may be listening to us or watching us on the screen. Okay, but what is really here that is not changing? This program is changing. Our conversation is changing. After you finish with me, you’ll have another program. There could be infinite number of programs on this screen these days. It’s easier to understand that, you know, you have Netflix and you have Amazon. You have this, that you can have an infinite number of programs that are all changing, but the screen is a constant. So it is the constant non change in the midst of the changing scenery. You are not the scenery. You are the seer, in which the scenery appears. That’s a profound spiritual insight, that the more you identify with the scenery, you’d be overwhelmed by it, which is the common condition in the world right now. But if you actually identified with the seer, which is the non changing factor, in the midst of the changing scenery, you would have peace, equanimity. You would recognize that it’s your destiny to play an infinity of roles. But you’re not the roles you play.

00:39:32 – Eric Zimmer
And so the eye is the bird that’s pecking at the pleasure and pain, and then the. It is the bird that’s watching that phrase. It is a strange phrase to try and identify with, I know, but it.

00:39:48 – Deepak Chopra
Is that non local being or spirit that you are. You know, John Wheeler, one of the greatest modern scientists, he said, we are the bit of the. It. The. It is non changing, and we are the bits of it that constantly change and transform.

00:40:07 – Eric Zimmer
So we are nearly out of time. But I wanted to give you a second to just tell us briefly about something called the sages and scientists symposium that you have coming up.

00:40:18 – Deepak Chopra
Thank you for asking that question. So, September 13, 14th and 15th at Sanders Theatre, which houses 1000 people, we are bringing together for three days thought leaders in the field of well being, in the field of humanitarianism, and in the field of astrobiology. So it’s about the future of well being, the future of humanity, and the future of the cosmos. You may or may not know that current astrobiology, biology, which is a new discipline, there are departments of astrobiology, many universities, Harvard, Princeton, Oxford, Cambridge, Arizona, that are now positing that there are 60 billion habitable planets in the Milky Way galaxy, in the same way as you and I are advanced civilizations, and there are 2 trillion galaxies. So this is actually current science. You can look it up, go to AI and whatever and look it up. So this is a very surprising thing right now that you know that we are part of a past tapestry of life that seeds the entire universe. That’s the finale of the conference. But it starts with the future of well being. Genetics, epigenetics, CRISPR gene editing messenger RNA, all of that. Then it goes into, you know, how can we create peace and social and economic justice? How can we tackle climate change? How can we create health and well being? That’s the future of humanity and finally, the future of the cosmos. So we invite anyone who wants to attend sagescientist.org dot.

00:41:59 – Eric Zimmer
If I were not going to be in Europe at that time, I would be seeing you there. But it sounds like a wonderful conference. We’ll have links in the show notes, and if you just search sage and scientists and Deepak, I’m sure you’ll find it. Deepak, thank you so much for coming on. It’s a pleasure to see you again. And in about eight minutes from now, when you release your next book, we will maybe do it again.

00:42:24 – Deepak Chopra
Okay. Yeah, it’s coming. The next book is.

00:42:29 – Eric Zimmer
I’m sure it is.

00:42:30 – Deepak Chopra
Unveiling the matrix.

00:42:32 – Eric Zimmer
Okay. All right. Take care, Deepak. Thank you. Bye.

00:42:51 – Chris Forbes
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Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

Finding Courage in Life’s Daily Struggles with Kelly Corrigan

August 23, 2024 Leave a Comment

In this special collaborative episode, Kelly Corrigan and Eric come together to discuss wide range of topics with an overarching theme of how to find courage in life’s daily struggles. From Eric sharing his overcoming addiction story to Kelly sharing her overcoming cancer story, they explore the many challenges and uncertainties of life.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Discover how to curate a social media feed that uplifts and inspires
  • Explore the impact of technology on mental wellness and how to harness its benefits
  • Learn effective strategies for breaking free from addiction and reclaiming control
  • Embrace the power of intellectual humility to foster deeper connections and understanding
  • Uncover the courage within ordinary moments and the transformative impact it can have

Kelly Corrigan is the author of four New York Times bestselling memoirs in the last decade, earning her the title of the poet laureate of the ordinary from the Huffington Post and voice of a generation from O magazine. Kelly has also penned some very popular op-eds about applying to college, becoming an empty nester, and giving advice to teenagers. She is the host of the popular podcast Kelly Corrigan Wonders.

If you enjoyed this conversation with Kelly Corrigan, check out these other episodes:

How to Embrace Uncertainty with Suleika Jaouad

Strengthening Our Resilience with Linda Graham

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If you enjoy our podcast and find value in our content, please consider supporting the show. By joining our Patreon Community, you’ll receive exclusive content only available on Patreon!  Click here to learn more!!

Episode Transcript:

00:00:00 – Kelly Corrigan
If you want to have a big, juicy, fast moving, energetic conversation, you can’t really do that unless people have opinions, because two people who are really steeped in intellectual humility are just going to kind of look at each other without words and say, yeah, it’s kind of hard to know.

00:00:23 – Chris Forbes
Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out, or you are what you think ring true. And yet for many of us, our thoughts dont strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self pity, jealousy or fear. We see what we dont have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But its not just about thinking our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good. Wolf, thanks for joining us. Our guest on this episode is Kelly corriganhood. She’s written four New York Times bestselling memoirs in the last decade, earning her the title of the poet laureate of the ordinary from the Huffington Post and voice of a generation from O magazine. Kelly has also penned some very popular op eds about applying to college, becoming an empty nester, and giving advice to teenagers. Kelly is the host of the popular podcast Kelly Corrigan Wonders.

00:01:48 – Eric Zimmer
Hi Kelly, welcome to the show.

00:01:50 – Kelly Corrigan
Thanks. Welcome to my show.

00:01:52 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, this is a collaborative episode where we’re going to just have a conversation. We’re both people who have talked to countless other wonderful people. I think you’re one of the better interviewers out there, and this is something I pay attention to. And so we’re just going to have a collaborative conversation about the different things that come up. But why don’t we start the way this show always starts, which is with the parable.

00:02:16 – Kelly Corrigan
Sure.

00:02:16 – Eric Zimmer
And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild. And they say in life, there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops. They think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

00:02:48 – Kelly Corrigan
So I have lots of associations with it. I mean, I rely on thinking fast and slow. The great Daniel Kahneman work as a touch point for me in all my thinking. And so I think about system one and system two. And then I’ve done lots of episodes with philosophers. Like, there’s this woman at Yale named Tamar Gendler who goes through the ancient philosophies and what each of them has to teach us about modern happiness. And there’s always this desire to come up with a metaphor or a parable that explains our nature to us in a way that’s really simple, that there are these two wolves, or that there’s an elephant and a rider, or there’s a charioteer, and there’s two horses. And the one horse is your desires and impulses, and the other horse is your rational mind. And then Kahneman took it to the system one and two. So all of that springs to life for me. And then this other thing that I’ve said to my kids for a long time when I and listening to them and thinking, oh, you’re catastrophizing. Is you live in your head. Make it nice in there, you know, almost like decorating a room. Like, put in a soft rug and give yourself a beanbag chair and put pretty things on the walls. Like, that’s where you live. That’s where it’s happening. That’s where you’re making sense of your identity and your existence and your relationships. And so just recognize that there’s always agency, because there’s always you at the back of things, interpreting events. And that involves a lot of choice. We’re not watching a movie of our lives. We’re actors in the movie of our lives, and we’re writers of the movie of our lives, and we’re the directors and we’re the editors. And so it doesn’t mean that our lives can defy physics, but it means that we’re playing a role and what it feels like to us. So that came to mind too. What does it mean to you? How do you think about it?

00:04:43 – Eric Zimmer
Well, I mean, I’ve thought about it a lot of different ways over reading it all these years, but, I mean, I think in its essence, it is about choice, right? It’s about that I have choice and the choices that I make about what I do and what I think and what I engage in and what things I feed myself, you know, physically, but also in what I read and what I watch and what I do. All those things are important. They matter. And I also like it because it makes it sound like this battle is going on inside everybody, which I think normalizes what it’s like to be human.

00:05:18 – Kelly Corrigan
Is it?

00:05:19 – Eric Zimmer
And I also like it because it also sounds like it’s kind of close. Like, it’s not like the, you know, the good wolf is running away with it. You know, it’s like, you know, we’re not quite sure what’s going to happen here, so.

00:05:31 – Kelly Corrigan
Right, right. It’s anybody’s. Yeah, it’s a toss up.

00:05:33 – Eric Zimmer
Exactly. Now, I think, like all the things that you sort of just mentioned, whether it’s Kahneman’s system one or two, or Jonathan Haight’s excellent elephant and the rider and all of these things, they’re all models for something that is far more complicated than that. And so this parable is a vast oversimplification of our inner landscape. Sometimes it might be nice if there were only two things in there going on instead of a pseudo conflicting goals. Yeah, exactly. A veritable Noah’s ark in there.

00:06:06 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. I was thinking about how it applies very specifically to a variety of things as well. Like, to the food you eat, to the media you consume, to the way you set up your social media account. Like, you can sort of turn your mind all day long toward vitriol or toward beauty, toward inspiration or toward desperation. I find those little pockets of agency very encouraging. Like, I have really tuned my social media feed to something that just brings me reels and reels and reels of wonder, you know, like an elephant and its baby standing by a tree in the serengeti, away from the sun, or a whale that’s opening its mouth and all these fish are coming into its mouth, and it’s like, closing in on them. Or a painter, a time capsule type capture of somebody painting something really beautiful, or ballerinas working together to make this message. If you use a drone camera to catch it from overhead, or little kids dancing to Beyonce. I have created a positive feed by saying yes to all the beauty and wonder feeds and saying no to all the vitriol and superiority feeds.

00:07:20 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I think that speaks to the nature of so many of these things in the world that I think a lot of people want to label as either they’re good or bad and recognizing that they’re tools. And how do we use these tools wisely in a way that is best for us? There are amazing things we can see on social media if certain things surface. I don’t use it very much, but today a friend sent me a picture of a Boston terrier. I love Boston terriers. I had one until last fall, and she passed, and it’s Boston terrier running and jumping on this inflatable ball, and it goes flying through the air, and you’re like, this animal is in trouble and is back after that ball with not the slightest thought. It’s just the most amazing thing to watch. And it just made my whole morning.

00:08:10 – Kelly Corrigan
Right, right. I wonder what that tendency says about us, that we want to blame the tool instead of blaming the way we use the tool. Like, per your earlier point about this desire to create a binary where something is good or bad, rather than saying, like, well, these are the functions of social media, and we are using it to good ends or bad ends or varied ends. But when you take that victim mentality, like that’s been laid on us, there’s nothing we can do about it. It’s ruining everything. I feel like you’re giving away this great opportunity to harness it for your own purposes, and hopefully they’re good purposes. But I just wondered if you have an opinion about why it’s easier to blame the tool than blame the way we use the tool.

00:08:59 – Eric Zimmer
Well, I think it goes to so many different things where we grasp for easy answers, and there usually aren’t any. The role of technology in our lives is a very complicated and nuanced issue. And so I think there’s some of that. I think there’s some degree, like you’re saying, of not wanting to take responsibility. I think there are valid criticisms to be made of a system in which young people are growing up within and the way that our attention is, you know, people are trying to manipulate it for profit. But I agree with you that I think, I am a big fan of nuance, and I actually can tell from your writing that you are also, I’ve just seen it over and over in your writings and in your conversations, this sense of, like, well, not so fast. Like, it’s a little more complicated than that. And so I think that’s what I sense a lot in these are technology discussions, is people wanting an easy answer.

00:09:56 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah.

00:09:56 – Eric Zimmer
You know, it would be nice if we could just blame it all on the tech companies. Well, that’s part of the story, but it’s certainly not the whole story.

00:10:03 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. And it’s kind of like saying, like, magazines are bad or books are bad. Like, that’s actually how foolish a statement it is, because, you know, there’s the economist and there’s hustlere and there’s Sports Illustrated and there’s teen vogue, and, you know, so, I mean, I guess the distinguishing feature of social media is that there’s the user generated content. Yeah, but again, those are choices that you can make. I mean, I don’t follow many friends or peers. So an example that often gets thrown up around social media is, you know, everybody’s pretending to have these great lives, and then you get sucked into this idea that everybody’s vacation was better, everybody’s Christmas morning was better, everybody’s running further, exercising more, having more time with their grandparents. But that’s completely shutoutable. I mean, you just don’t have to use it that way.

00:10:59 – Eric Zimmer
Yes.

00:10:59 – Kelly Corrigan
I mean, you don’t have to use it at all. It’s not a requirement.

00:11:02 – Eric Zimmer
Yep. So it’s not.

00:11:05 – Kelly Corrigan
I wonder if you have examples at the ready of ways that you feed it the right wolf. Like, you must have habits of mind and habits of behavior. I mean, I know that you’re an addict who’s in recovery, and I know that oftentimes people add structures to their lives, like meetings or meditation or gratitude journals, etcetera, to ground them in something that represents their values and their sort of deepest desires for their own wellness. I wondered if you had a few off the top of your head that you used to feed the right wolf.

00:11:42 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, it’s wild that you just use the phrase habits of mind and habits of behavior, because I’m working on a book right now, and that’s one of the underlying core ideas, is that we have both habits of mind and habits of behavior that we can cultivate, and they reinforce each other for sure. So just to hear you use that phrase, I was like, wow, just writing about it yesterday. I mean, I think that, yeah, there are some things for me, and some things change over time, and some things remain very consistent as an addict. And some of that addiction, I think, was driven by depression, which I’ve also dealt with over the years. For me, exercise is sort of a non negotiable. For me. Like, it just seems to be the. If I could only have one thing that I could use, really, for even my mental health, it would be exercise. I’ve used meditation a lot over the years. I think there’s a habit of mind in general, of trying to not believe my thoughts too much, or at least like, be willing to interrogate them. That sounds harsher than it is, but being willing to question them and being willing to sort of see that everything, in many ways, is a story. You were referencing this a little bit earlier, right? That there are some things that are factual. Right. You and I are on Riverside right now and having a conversation that’s fairly factual. Right. But the smile on your face. I could be taking three different ways. Right. I could be making up all kinds of stories about what that means. And they would all be just that, stories. Because, I don’t know. And so I just think that is a foundational thing for me in a habit of mind, is always looking at that and saying, okay, what am I making this mean? And what else might it mean? Or what else could it mean?

00:13:37 – Kelly Corrigan
Are you sure?

00:13:38 – Eric Zimmer
Are you sure? Yeah.

00:13:39 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. My husband and I have signal sentences to each other like, are you sure? And maybe. And when we say maybe, what we mean is, like, you might be just making shit up. Like, this might really not be nearly as true as you’re letting yourself believe it is. So it often happens when we’re speculating about one of our kids and how they’re doing and they live far away from us and we’re imagining. And then we’re starting to attribute motives to various people in the story. A boy who we thought liked them and doesn’t like them anymore, or some girl in her sorority who we’ve never met. But somehow in the story, we are ascribing motive to all the different characters in this little tale we’re telling.

00:14:28 – Eric Zimmer
Yep.

00:14:28 – Kelly Corrigan
And then the other person is. We’re really trying to train each other to at least both of us, not fall for our own nonsense at the same time. So assume that we will continue to make up stories spontaneously and without being conscious of it. But then as the other person’s doing it, well, I’ll tell you what happened. I mean, when she handed in that paper that time, I’m sure the teacher was like, what are you doing? Why are you at. And then the other person’s just supposed to say maybe, and it’s just a signal that, like, you’re making shit up. And you really don’t have very much information here at all. And then the other one, when it’s happening to us, when we’re telling a story about a problem in our own lives, the thing we’re trying to practice saying to each other is, are you sure? Are you sure that Tony wants this and Persona wants that and Alon wants that? Like, are you sure? It was like, maybe you should just ask.

00:15:22 – Eric Zimmer
Do you find sometimes that you’re fairly invested in a story or an emotion around the story, and you hear maybe, or, are you sure and you bristle a little bit? Or is it something that you sort of right away know what your partner’s trying to do there?

00:15:37 – Kelly Corrigan
I don’t bristle. Yeah, I don’t bristle. I mean, I have a terrible habit. I wonder if you have it at all from podcasting where, because, you know, our jobs involve, like, constant learning in preparing for these conversations, then having these conversations. And you meet a lot of people. I mean, I’ve interviewed probably 700 people now between the PBS show and the podcast and live events. And it has this dangerous potential consequence, which is that you sort of think you know things. You know, you sort of feel like you understand human nature a little bit better because you’ve interviewed all these people, or you understand human relationships because you’ve interviewed Esther Perel and other famous therapists, or you think that you understand wellness because you’ve interviewed Francis Collins at the NIH, or you understand spirituality because you interviewed Father Greg Boyle, or you understand music because you interviewed David Byrne. Like, it’s a natural outgrowth of being in this kind of constant learning posture. And I’m an enthusiastic learner. And one of the ways that I learn is I repeat it back. So if I’m reading a book, for sure Edward, my husband, will feel as though he’s reading it as well, because every time I put it down, I’ll say, here’s something for you. Listen to this. And when I read the paper in the morning, and when I read axios in the morning, I’m giving it back to him. And he’s like, Kelly, I’m literally reading the exact same thing right this second. I’m like, I know, but I need to say it to own it. Like, that’s how I internalize a piece of information is I have to say it out loud. I have to pass it along somehow. It’s probably why I podcast and write books. And that can dupe you into a state of intellectual arrogance where you do feel that when you’re listening to a kid tell you a story about something that happened with their friends or at their summer job, that you do have a fairly persuasive true self story about what and why? Cause, you know, you’re like, weaving in a little Astaire peral. You’re weaving in a little Francis Collins. And, you know, they’re big thinkers. And, I mean, I got to talk to Daniel Kahneman before he died. Like, you don’t think I was like, a totally out of control arrogant after that for a couple days? Like, insufferable. So I don’t know what the adage is, but it’s something about, like, a little bit of information is dangerous. Like, brushing up against big time thinkers can sometimes have this terrible knock on effect of you thinking that you really have a handle on something when you probably don’t. So when he says maybe, I think, oh, thank you.

00:18:07 – Eric Zimmer
You listen.

00:18:08 – Kelly Corrigan
Thank you, thank you, thank you. Oh, yeah. Although he did just walk in on our podcast recording, and although he’s done that before, and we’ll do it again. Eric, I do really like and respect the man I’m married to, and so I am sort of inclined to be grateful for his feedback, generally speaking, not about how I do the dishwasher, but, you know, like, important things.

00:18:30 – Eric Zimmer
I wonder, is there actually an officially right way to load the dishwasher? Because.

00:18:35 – Kelly Corrigan
No, don’t even. Don’t touch it with a ten foot pole. You’re going to put me in the most foul humor. It is the dumbest argument. We’ve had it a million times. And, yes, of course, there could be a way where you get the maximum number of dishes. That’s what he would say. But I roll it up one and say, is that what we’re doing in life? Is that our goal right now, to get the maximum number of dishes? Or is our goal to have, like, a peaceful after dinner period of collaborative work in the kitchen so that we can finish up and go upstairs and lie our bodies down? Is the goal efficiency, or is the goal the mood? And I say to you and to all listeners everywhere that the goal is the mood.

00:19:19 – Eric Zimmer
I agree.

00:19:20 – Kelly Corrigan
Thank you. Thank God I didn’t have to hang up on you. You can hear me getting whipped up about it.

00:19:24 – Eric Zimmer
Yes. No, I’m not going to try and instruct you on the proper way to load the dishwasher. Just. I just find it interesting that everybody thinks there’s a proper way. That’s all. It’s fascinating that we all have a relatively strongly held opinion, like, everything.

00:19:40 – Kelly Corrigan
Don’t you think we have strongly held opinions about everything?

00:19:42 – Eric Zimmer
I think we have a tendency to be.

00:19:43 – Kelly Corrigan
It feels safer. There’s like, a safety in it.

00:19:46 – Eric Zimmer
Sure.

00:19:46 – Kelly Corrigan
False security, I guess.

00:19:48 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. Well, it’s nice to feel like, you know what’s going on and to feel like, you know, you have some answers in this chaotic, sometimes frightening, confusing world.

00:19:59 – Kelly Corrigan
And the other thing is that when you cop to uncertainty and when you, like, reconnect to intellectual humility, because, say, your partner said maybe is, then there’s not that much to talk about, like, in terms of conversational fodder, which is this is just like, kind of a tactical thing. If you want to have a big, juicy, fast moving, energetic conversation, you can’t really do that unless people have opinions?

00:20:27 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:20:27 – Kelly Corrigan
Because two people who are really steeped in intellectual humility are just going to kind of look at each other without words and say, yeah, it’s kind of hard to know. I don’t really know what to do about public education in AmErica.

00:20:41 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:20:41 – Kelly Corrigan
You know, I don’t really know what the cutoff date should be to terminate a pregnancy. Me neither. Kind of hard to say. The conversation would just fall. It would just disappear.

00:20:50 – Eric Zimmer
And would you say that you’re that sort of person or you have lots of opinions?

00:20:55 – Kelly Corrigan
Well, I mean, the thing I have the strongest opinion about is how we shouldn’t have strong opinions.

00:20:59 – Eric Zimmer
Right.

00:20:59 – Kelly Corrigan
So the most animated I get you’re hearing it right now, and this is the kind of thing that it’s about. What I feel strongly about is that our nature is driving so much of our interactions in a way that is counterproductive to what we most want and need. Like, if let’s say that a super need of all mankind is belonging, there’s a cheap way to get it. You just put on the same shirt as the other guy, put the same bumper sticker on your car, start screaming and yelling the same things like chanting in a crowd with posters and I. That’s very bonding. I mean, you definitely feel that you belong, but it’s not really based on you and them. It’s not really that you found something, a special and important way to relate to each other. It’s that you cheaped out and you went for this. It’s, you know, it’s just like cheering for a football team, you know? Like, are you really connected? Am I really connected to every other Golden State warriors fan in the United States? A little bit, but not really. I mean, I love that team, but not as much as I love people who embrace uncertainty. But that’s not a team.

00:22:42 – Eric Zimmer
Those things are interesting, right? Because obviously, if you’re a fan of the Golden State warriors, you recognize there is a place for that communal experience and pulling for the same team, and that ultimately, it really doesn’t mean very much. What’s the famous joke like? It’s, you know, like, rooting for people who all wear the same clothes. Like, I am notoriously bad at having favorite teams in anything because I just am like, well, I mean, I will form an opinion of a group of people and be like, well, that’s the team I want to root for based on the people that are in it, not the uniform they’re wearing or the traditional, which makes me the absolute classic fairweather fan.

00:23:23 – Kelly Corrigan
Right, right.

00:23:25 – Eric Zimmer
But like you, nothing really animates me in the same way, except when people think they’re certain of something, and then I feel this perverse need to almost argue with them, even if I agree with them, even if I actually hold their underlying belief, if they hold it too strongly and they’re just certain, it just brings up something in me, and I find myself wanting to argue against it. I do this with my. My partner Ginny. I have to watch for it because I’m like, okay, that’s the wrong approach. Why would you want to do that? But it is sort of a habitual response in me.

00:24:02 – Kelly Corrigan
It’s such a turn off to me. Certainty. Yeah, it’s just such a turn off. It seems unsophisticated, you know, like when people wag their finger and say, I’ll tell you what you need to do to fix the transportation in AmErica. And it’s like, really? Really? You think there’s like a one sentence answer to transportation in AmErica? Like, I just think you sounded like a fool. Or, you know, these. I just know. I guess I’m old enough to know people who have now devoted 30 or 35 years to solving a single kind of societal problem. We know this great woman, this kid used to babysit for us who’s been working on homelessness in the Bay area, you know, since she was 20 years old and she’s 70. Can’t figure it out.

00:24:47 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:24:47 – Kelly Corrigan
So when you hear somebody on television or at a cocktail party say, I’ll tell you what they need to do about homelessness, I think, really, you cannot possibly think that you could solve homelessness. You can’t possibly. It’s so insulting to this woman that I know who’s been on it for 50 years with a big brain and a big heart, and she still can’t crack it. Like, don’t insult the people who are actually doing the work. These kind of sideline men, not in the arena. People who are so flippant about these nice, complex issues. Yeah, it’s a huge, huge turn off. So tell me about what you feed when you’re feeding the wrong wolf and how easy is it for you to catch yourself? Like, when was the last time you did something that you were like, that is so antithetical to my actual values and goals in life. I cannot believe I’m doing this again.

00:25:41 – Eric Zimmer
There’s a saying that I’ve heard in the past, and I think about it a lot, which is that the road gets narrower. And what I mean by that is the things that I used to do. Right. I mean, I was a homeless heroin addict at 24 and, you know, but just a card carrying criminal. I mean, I was just not. I was not a good. I was not a great person to myself or anybody around me. And so over the years, I think what has happened is that the things that I do that are sort of off the mark. It gets narrower and narrower. And I’m not trying to paint myself as a saint. I’m just saying that I don’t very often have huge moments of, like, why did I do that? That was so wrong. I would say that my not feeding the good wolf tends to be more these days in omissions versus commissions of things. Right. It’s not so much that I blew up at somebody that I shouldn’t have. It’s that I missed an opportunity to say something that might have deepened the relationship because I was afraid. It’s those sort of things. And so I have to hunt a little bit more for them because it’s very easy to justify those sort of things also. But I would say that that’s probably what it is. It’s, I’m not doing something that would have been good to do.

00:27:08 – Kelly Corrigan
Right?

00:27:09 – Eric Zimmer
Or I think I also wrestle with the question that I think everybody probably does to some degree. But, you know, how well am I spending my time? Am I using my time to things that I feel like really matter, while also recognizing that I can’t always be doing things that really matter? Like, I just don’t have the capacity to do it right. And I think as I’m getting older, I’m also learning what does the energy level look like and capacity of me in my early fifties versus me in my early thirties and trying to figure out, like, okay, you know, I’m not playing guitar for 2 hours every night after dinner because I’m really tired. Is that okay? Do I just go, well, that’s just kind of where you are right now. Or do you push? So, I mean, they’re more subtle things. But I would say it’s either I’m not taking an opportunity to deepen a relationship because I’m frightened of a difficult conversation, or I am using my time in a way that I wish I was using to be more creative or more involved in helping someone or that sort of thing. It’s not as exciting as it used to be when I could be like, well, you know, I did three armed robberies last week. I mean, that’s a more dramatic story than the one I just told, but.

00:28:35 – Kelly Corrigan
Life gets less dramatic as we get older.

00:28:37 – Eric Zimmer
Yes, yes.

00:28:38 – Kelly Corrigan
Tell me a little bit about your early twenties. How you ended up, where you ended up, how much repair did you have to do after rupturing? What I would assume is just about every important relationship in your life, plus your relationship with yourself, plus your relationship with society. That’s a lot of breakage.

00:28:59 – Eric Zimmer
It was a lot of breakage. I mean, there’s sort of a long version and a short version of how I ended up. Where I ended up. The short version is that I began, like many teenagers, to experiment with drugs and alcohol, and from almost the very beginning, had a very strange relationship with them. You know, I would do things like, people would get together and they would go drink in the night, and I would wake up in the morning and see some of the alcohol left over and be like, well, why not drink that? I didn’t do it often, but it was strange, right? I got drunk on mouthwash and, you know, would lead youth church groups that I was involved in and everybody getting drunk on mouthwash. I mean, I was a bad influence from the very beginning. And then in high school, I started a tutoring program for disadvantaged children, and I saw what alcohol and drugs in their family’s life was doing, and I was like, okay. I became basically straight edge for a few years, and then I went away on a trip, and I came back, and my girlfriend was dating my best friend, and I was just in so much pain over that that somebody offered me a drink, and I said, okay. And it was almost as if I was just off to the races after that. You know, I would be exaggerating if I said I didn’t draw a sober breath for the next six years, but not exaggerating by a ton. Yeah, it was like some switch just flipped. And so it was alcohol, and then alcohol led to marijuana, which then led to maybe lsd, which then led to maybe cocaine was showing. I mean, I was capable of abusing any and all of those things. And by the time I was about 22, I played music and bands, and I joined a band where I didn’t know it at the time, but three of the four people, the other three people in the band besides me, were intravenous heroin users.

00:30:58 – Kelly Corrigan
Wow.

00:30:58 – Eric Zimmer
And one night, somebody said, do you want to try it? You know, I tried it and I snorted it. And just over a relatively quick period of time, I became physically addicted to it, but I was no more addicted to that than I was to alcohol or marijuana. There’s just a physical component to it that’s different, and it’s a far more expensive habit, at least it was then than the cheap mad dog I could drink or whatever, right? And so that all of a sudden then became about having to get high and get a fix, which led to criminal activity.

00:31:38 – Kelly Corrigan
How much time passed between the first time you did heroin and the second time you did heroin?

00:31:43 – Eric Zimmer
Maybe a few weeks.

00:31:45 – Kelly Corrigan
And during those few weeks, were you thinking about it? Were you thinking, I’m absolutely gonna have to do that again?

00:31:50 – Eric Zimmer
I don’t think so. I can’t recall. I mean, because I would have been, like, really drunk and high on marijuana and drinking in between that timeframe, right? So it crept up quickly until I do remember one night being like, why do I feel so sick? Why do I feel so lousy? And I was like, holy shit, I have a physical addiction here to this. And sure enough, I went and used the heroin, and I felt immediately better. And I was like, uh oh.

00:32:23 – Kelly Corrigan
How many times do you think you did heroin?

00:32:25 – Eric Zimmer
Oh, I don’t know. I mean, let’s say I did it for three years, maybe, and I did it two or three times a day, so I don’t know. A thousand? I don’t know. I’m not entirely sure. A lot.

00:32:39 – Kelly Corrigan
Wow.

00:32:39 – Eric Zimmer
I mean, enough that I weighed 100 pounds at the time. I had hepatitis c. I mean, I was dying. I mean, I was in really bad shape. Between that and the fact that when I finally made it to treatment, quote, unquote, sort of the last time, I was facing 50 years in potential jail time, and, I mean, things were pretty bad.

00:33:00 – Kelly Corrigan
Who were your closest relationships the first time you did heroin, or did you not have any? Was that part of the.

00:33:06 – Eric Zimmer
No, no, I did. I did. I would say it was a group of friends that I’d been friends with for a few years, but they were people who largely. Maybe not to the extent that I did, but were people who were drinking pretty heavily. Right. I played rock music in bands, and so I was in that scene, and everybody was kind of that way. My close friends were.

00:33:27 – Kelly Corrigan
So nobody would have said, dude, you’re out of control.

00:33:30 – Eric Zimmer
Well, no. People started to. Even within that group, people would start to be like, whoa. Yeah.

00:33:37 – Kelly Corrigan
Even among heavy users, they were noticing.

00:33:40 – Eric Zimmer
Yes, yes. But that was kind of the case. I feel like from even very early on in my drinking, like, I was just even around people who partied a fair amount, there was something. I just had a slightly different gear. Not than all of them, but most of them.

00:33:59 – Kelly Corrigan
Were you always aware of that? Like, were you in a tiny conversation with yourself where you would say, yes, this is not the same. We’re not having the same experience here. I need this more. I want this more.

00:34:10 – Eric Zimmer
I did notice that, I mean, I started relatively early, maybe a year and a half into drinking and all this where I decided that, like, okay, I gotta get out of Columbus. This is a problem. Like, this isn’t working. And so I decided to move. In retrospect, poorly considered decision, but I moved to San Francisco, and nothing changed, right? I mean, I just, what happened is I would come out of blackouts and not know where I was at all, whereas in Columbus, I’d be like, oh, how did I get here? But I would know where I was because I grew up there in San Francisco. I’d come out of a blackout and be like, well, I don’t have the foggiest idea where I’m at right now. Like, I don’t know how to navigate from where I am. So nothing really changed.

00:34:52 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. What’s the story with your parents?

00:34:55 – Eric Zimmer
Two parents, upper, sort of middle class, you know, white collar background, but they both, I think, had untreated mental illness. My father’s manifested as rage, and my mother’s manifested as a very withdrawn depression. And so I was a troubled child from very early on. I mean, I was. By the time I was ten, I was a kleptomaniac, right? And so I can look back and be like, okay, something wasn’t right, and I can theorize on what those things were. And I know a lot about what things are supposed to happen in childhood and attachment and all of that. And I think I didn’t get what I needed developmentally. I don’t really have anger at my parents. They were just doing kind of what had been done to them, and they were doing kind of the best they could in the circumstances. And yet it wasn’t kind of what I needed to be a person who felt comfortable in their own skin.

00:35:54 – Kelly Corrigan
And so what was the turning point? Like, why did you stop? How did you not just do it until you died?

00:36:01 – Eric Zimmer
It’s interesting. Cause, like I said, I’m kind of working on a book. I got a book deal with HarperCollins recently, and I’m working on it, and so I’m revisiting a lot of this stuff, right. And the easy version of the story, right, is that I just got arrested at work. Like, I mean, the police came into my place of employment. I worked in a restaurant, and they came in and they arrested me and took me out in handcuffs.

00:36:26 – Kelly Corrigan
Oh, my God.

00:36:26 – Eric Zimmer
And it turns out that where I was working was one of the ways that I was stealing money. And I had been temporarily living in a van that the owner of the restaurant had. And so all of a sudden, all of that was gone. What little bit of home I had, this van was gone. My ability to make the money that I needed. In addition to stealing, I was also working, like, 16 hours a day to try and keep up with this habit. All of that was gone. And I just went into treatment detox, because I was like, I don’t know what else to do right now. I’m going to be very sick, and I don’t know what to do. And while I was there, they said to me, you should go into long term treatment. And I said, I don’t think so, because who knows what possible. What I thought I had to get back to? But then I went back to my room, and I had a moment of clarity, and I went, you’re gonna die if you go back out there. By now, I knew I had hepatitis C. And I just knew, like, you’re either gonna go to jail or you’re gonna die. And so I went to long term treatment, which then led to a halfway house. And that was the turning point. That’s the easy version. The more complicated version is I’d been working on ways to not be the way I was, like I said, since this first move to San Francisco. Right. Which would have been preceded by lots of times of me trying to just do less. You know, just don’t do it so much. And years of that. Right. And so, yeah, there’s one moment I can point to. That was the moment at which I never did it again. But that moment was preceded by lots of other little moments and was followed, far more importantly, by countless other little moments. Right. If we were going to film the movie of my life, there’d be the scene I just told you. But that scene wouldn’t mean anything if it weren’t for the thousands of little decisions I made day after day after that to get sober. So there’s a convenient narrative that you hit a bottom, and that’s what it is. But it tends to be a little more complicated than that.

00:38:28 – Kelly Corrigan
Isn’t that narrative structure so imposing?

00:38:30 – Eric Zimmer
Totally.

00:38:31 – Kelly Corrigan
What’s the nadir? What’s the climax? What’s the denouement? Love it. Who’s the main character? Who’s the hero? Who’s the villain? It’s just so imposing. And it’s so easy to look for those beats. I mean, even as I’m asking you questions, I’m sort of of asking you to tell me the story in terms of these narrative beats. And that’s not, of course, the way it is, because that’s the story we love because it has this drama to it that the stories we live have much less drama. It’s, you know, choices and thoughts that you’re having every single day. It’s feeding. It’s feeding the right wolf every day for 20 years. Yes, but nobody wants to hear that story. You know, the truth of the story is. And then on Tuesday, I woke up and I said, I think I’ll walk outside for ten minutes. And then on Wednesday, I thought, instead of having a drink, I think I’ll call my old friend. And then on Thursday. And you would just go on like that for 20 years, itemizing a list of minuscule choices that equal your sobriety, your life.

00:39:41 – Eric Zimmer
That equal a life of sobriety. Yeah. Yeah. That is the way life is. And we were talking earlier about certainty and believing you can fix things. Early on in my recovery, I believed that now that I had gotten sober and I was in a twelve step program, and twelve step programs tend to think they know how to get people sober. And they do know how to get some people sober. You know, I thought, I know the answer to addiction. And 30 years on, I feel less equipped over and over and over again to feel like I know what somebody should do to get over addiction.

00:40:14 – Kelly Corrigan
Right.

00:40:15 – Eric Zimmer
I know what I did. I know what worked for me. I know some things that work. I know some guiding principles that I think are useful. But life is complicated, and addiction is an enormously complicated syndrome. It is a multi causal thing.

00:40:32 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. Syndrome’s really the right word for it. That really helps broaden your sense of it. You know, that it has all these factors that are interacting with each other, with you and with your environment at all times. When you think about what kind of repair has been necessary for you, has there been any particular person or group of people, including potentially yourself, that has been hardest to repair with, hardest to forgive and to be in relationship with?

00:41:29 – Eric Zimmer
It’s interesting because in the twelve steps, right, there are two steps that are all focused on repairing. There’s the 8th step, which is you make a list of all people you’d harmed. And 9th step, you actually go out and try and make amends to those people. So, I mean, it’s baked into the heart of the program because almost nobody will get to a nadir of addiction without having done a lot of rupture. So yeah, there were a lot of relationships to repair, but a lot of relationships also had to be sort of just let go. I mean, there was certainly a lot of relationships that did not make the transition from my using days to my sober days. Now, I was fortunate in that a number of people, over time, started. I’m not saying I was the only one, but there were a few people that started to get sober, and I think a lot of other people were seeing it and going, oh, there’s a path. And so it was interesting to see a lot of friends that I was sort of like, well, that friendship is gone, come into recovery. And that was a beautiful thing. So there were obviously crimes I’d committed that I needed to make amends for. Right. The state had its own ideas of how I was going to make amends for the crimes that I had committed. I was extraordinarily fortunate that I did not go to jail. And that’s probably. You could base that 95%, probably, on privilege. You know, I was given opportunities that most people aren’t given. I was given a diversion opportunity where, if I completed all the tenants of this thing, they gave me, the multiple felonies would disappear. And I had to do that. Right. I mean, I had to go make financial amends. I had to do a huge amount of community service. I had to. To drug test, you know, drug free for years. I had to see a parole officer. I mean, there were a lot of things I had to do, and if I hadn’t, they would have given me sort of a maximum sentence. And I was able to do those things, thankfully. But again, I recognize that was a. That I was given a gift there.

00:43:32 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah.

00:43:33 – Eric Zimmer
To do that. That was probably based to some degree on my background and my color.

00:43:37 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah, yeah. How about to yourself? Like, how do you look at that version of you?

00:43:42 – Eric Zimmer
Primarily, I feel a lot of self compassion for that person. You know, that person was in a lot of pain and just did not have any way of coping and existing in the world that wasn’t extraordinarily self destructive. And a few years earlier, I had formed this tutoring program for disadvantaged children, and I was taking high school students from around the area that tended to be coming from, quote unquote, better high schools, high schools that you were getting a really good education, and we were going into elementary schools that were more disadvantaged, and I was organizing all that. And so there was that. And then a few years later, I’m a completely different person. And so, yeah, there was a lot of, like, that’s one repair I could never make, is that program that was off to a great start and had this framework that I think could have continued and extended fell apart because I wasn’t there to shepherd it through, you know, a couple of years when it would have sort of become self sustaining. There was no repair for that. And then I guess I should actually say there’s like, three steps in twelve step programs, because there’s another step, which is the 10th step, which is continue to take personal inventory. And when we’re wrong, we promptly admit it. And that’s a big one. Right. For me, is the keeping the street kind of clean as I go.

00:45:02 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah.

00:45:03 – Eric Zimmer
You know, really recognizing when I’ve been unkind or when I’ve done something that I don’t want to do, or fessing up to that and trying to deal with that in real time has stopped me from getting into places where there’s been a whole lot more really big ruptures. But I certainly was out there trying in whatever ways I could to make amends to my parents. I had really good friends at that time, took really terrible advantage of. I would say things like, I want to go to treatment, but it’s a $200 application fee, and get somebody to give me $200. I mean, I laughed at it and then spend it on drugs. There’s just lots of that kind of stuff, stealing from friends, things that if I hadn’t repaired and if I didn’t have a real understanding of the pain that that me was back then, I think I might feel differently. And then there’s the fact that I have been able to, because of that addiction and a commitment to help others who are suffering from it, transform it into something that has been, I would say, a net positive overall. Like, if you were to look at the total amount of pain that I caused then versus the total amount of healing I’ve been able to be involved in since then with a very conscious effort, it balances the scales a little bit.

00:46:28 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. Yeah.

00:46:29 – Eric Zimmer
It doesn’t balance it for everybody, though. There are certain situations that were not repairable, people who did not want to be repaired. It’s not like I was able to repair everything, but if I was to just take a total net good to the world, I feel like that was actually a good overall because I was young enough. Thankfully, I was young enough that I’ve been able to have all these years in recovery.

00:46:55 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. Yeah. So, like, units of damage versus units of repair, you’ve crossed over.

00:47:03 – Eric Zimmer
I believe so. I mean, another analogy is when I was in the halfway house, right? Like, I was on disability, I was taking money, you know, from the government, and there was money being given to the halfway house that I was in, you know, like probably Medicaid money and all that. And in the grand scheme of things, in my case, I’m not saying this is the case in everybody’s case, but in my case, the government came out way ahead of. Right. By rehabilitating me at that day and age. I have paid way more in tax dollars over the years than I actually took out, which I think is the way those systems are intended to work. I’m not saying they always do, but sometimes they do.

00:47:42 – Kelly Corrigan
Right. And that’s like, as a side note, that’s just an important part of the discussion around incarceration, because that can happen. 100% that can happen if we’re paying as taxpayers year after year after year to keep people in jail with no hope of rehabilitation, and then there’s also no hope that they’ll become taxpayers, not only for society does it not ever get to balance out, but for that individual, you don’t get the satisfaction of thinking, I’m putting something back in the till. It took a lot, and I’m putting a lot back in.

00:48:13 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:48:13 – Kelly Corrigan
And that must be so important to your sense of self, and it must be a real foundation to stand on in terms of self compassion. It’s like I’m just going to keep trying to add to the good. Yeah, you can’t do that if you’re incarcerated. I mean, what good can you do in there? All you can do is, no, it’s just such a sin, really.

00:48:34 – Eric Zimmer
Oh, yeah. My story would probably have been radically different had I been sent to jail, even for a few years. And I’m not saying that there are not situations in which people do need to go to jail. Of course there are, but are far better off with rehabilitating people, and ideally rehabilitating them before we need to rehabilitate them from what has happened to them in prison. Right, right. I mean, I’m not naive on those fronts, but I do think we’ve got the balance wrong.

00:49:04 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for letting me ask all those hard questions.

00:49:07 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. So can I ask you a few questions?

00:49:11 – Kelly Corrigan
Sure.

00:49:12 – Eric Zimmer
This quote comes completely out of context, but I have to know, and we.

00:49:16 – Kelly Corrigan
Can’T wait to hear what you’re gonna say. Go ahead.

00:49:20 – Eric Zimmer
This is the quote.

00:49:21 – Kelly Corrigan
Is it my quote? I don’t know.

00:49:23 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

00:49:24 – Kelly Corrigan
Oh, dear.

00:49:24 – Eric Zimmer
Something you said? Yeah.

00:49:25 – Kelly Corrigan
Oh, dear.

00:49:26 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. Yeah. So I don’t know what to say about a man who calls a perfectly adorable three year old a fucker, but my hero comes to mind. That made me laugh out loud when I read it. And just, I had to be like, what is she talking about? Cause again, I’m sure it’s from a story somewhere in a book, but it was just the one line. I was like, what?

00:49:48 – Kelly Corrigan
So I had cancer in my thirties. I had a one year old and a two year old. I was in chemotherapy. My hair had finally started falling out. And so we shaved my head, and I stayed home and cried for a couple days. And then I felt like maybe I was ready to go out into the world. And my kids were one and three. And so Georgia, my older daughter, was in preschool at the time. And during the early days of my cancer treatment, you know, people drove her everywhere all the time. And so I was feeling like I really wanted to drive carpool. I felt like that would be a real victory for me. So I put this scarf on my head and I put on mascara. I still had eyelashes at the time. They fall out, too, eventually. And I put on my favorite jeans, and I called my next door neighbor, and I said, I’m going to take the kids to preschool today. And she said, oh, wow, like, you don’t have to do that. And I said, no, no, I really want to. You know, I’m ready to, like, take my look on the road. And then I got Georgia, and we went over there, and, you know, you have to take your baby with you wherever you go, too. So I got Claire in a diaper, and I got Georgia in her little outfit for preschool. And I get them all situated in the car, and we go next door, and I pick up their kid, and she says, come on down. Come on down. And this kid looks up at me and says, you look like a monster. And the mom said, oh, my God. I just saw monstrous ink. And I was like, oh, my God. You mean like the one where the person’s head is like a giant eyeball? Like, that’s what I look like to this kid.

00:51:20 – Eric Zimmer
She didn’t make it better, did she?

00:51:22 – Kelly Corrigan
No, she didn’t make it better. So then all of a sudden, I just got a wave of anxiety. And I thought, oh, my God, I can’t go into a preschool. Cause they don’t know. They don’t have any context for this. And they could say anything to me. I don’t think I’m sturdy enough yet. So I said, I think maybe you should take them in. Here, take my card. I gave her my keys, and I went home, and I grabbed the phone, and I flopped on the sofa, and I called Edward, and I said, he called me a monster. And Edward said, who did? And I said, max, next door. And he said, that fucker. And I thought, oh, my God, I’ve never loved you more that you’re gonna punch out a three year old for hurting your 36 year old wife’s feelings. So that is the origin of that line. And that moment, I think, a lot about attunement, and it’s such a hit or miss thing. You know, even when you love people so much and you’re trying so hard, you can still just miss the note. And there were a lot of occasions in that year that I was in treatment where Edward picked up the note kind of effortlessly and was right where I wanted him to be. Like, if I was in the mood to start googling stage three cancer life expectancies, he would do it with me. And if I was in the mood to go on the deck and have a corona and listen to Bob Marley, he would do it with me. And if I wanted to cancel plans at the last minute, he would do it for me. And in that moment, the way he took my side like that, it was just sort of a heavenly moment of attunement, because he could have said, oh, Kelly, do we really care what a three year old said about you? He cared more than I did. He was madder than I was. And so I have a lot of very fond and tender memories from being sick. And that was why the mom.

00:53:20 – Eric Zimmer
It’s a beautiful story with a very funny line. You were talking about how you and your father both had cancer.

00:53:28 – Kelly Corrigan
Uh huh.

00:53:28 – Eric Zimmer
And that your dad and mom sort of turned towards goddesse.

00:53:33 – Kelly Corrigan
Yes.

00:53:33 – Eric Zimmer
And you and Edward turned towards Google.

00:53:36 – Kelly Corrigan
Yes.

00:53:37 – Eric Zimmer
And a friend of yours was able to explain the miracle of your father through a rational thing about how the doctor knew these things. And you sort of said, well, you sort of landed on that. Neither your parents faith nor the reason of your friend really explained what happened there.

00:53:55 – Kelly Corrigan
Oh, that’s interesting. I mean, I remember it was so interesting to me. The first thing my father did when he got diagnosed, the first thing I did. So he went to church and I went to Google. And then when it was all over and both of us survived, his survival a little bit more miraculous than mine, my mom said, oh, there were just so many people praying for your father, as if that explained it. And, you know, that’s such a troubling statement because all kinds of wonderful people die all the time for whom many people have been praying.

00:54:32 – Eric Zimmer
Right.

00:54:32 – Kelly Corrigan
And I said, gosh, don’t you think it has more to do with these medications that people have labored to develop over time. Like, I really am alive because of a medication. I had stage three her two new ERPR positive cancer, which was not survivable, that that strand was really not survivable. 20 years ago. I definitely have been gone, and I had a huge tumor, 7 cm by 4 cm. So it was just like this big piece of calamari. And then, you know, the free markets and big pharma and some really devoted scientists and chemists and biologists got together and they created a set of medications and surgical procedures and interventions. And here I am talking to you. And so I tried to put that in front of my dad, and he said, oh, lovey, what do you think makes a person want to work that hard to cure cancer? As if I was missing the most obvious reflection of God in the world. He and my mother both have always put a foot in the door for me in terms of faith. Like, the door cannot close because of them. It was such a strong part of both their lives, central and a real comfort. It wasn’t, they weren’t righteous about it. They weren’t finger waggy. They did not use it as a weapon against other groups of people. It was like a heated blanket to them. It was like a warm place to rest, and. But then when we got married, the padre, as my uncle Jimmy put it, the padre said, life is a mystery to be lived. And then my uncle Jimmy put his arms around us afterwards at the reception and said, I never heard anything so true in my life. Life is a mystery to be lived. And so I guess where I came out was that we’ll just stay with the mystery on this one. We’ll just let it be an unknown. We’ll just leave the question mark in.

00:56:38 – Eric Zimmer
Place back to the lack of certainty.

00:56:41 – Kelly Corrigan
Yeah, yeah. And there’s a real joy in that for me. There’s, like, joy in not knowing. I mean, first of all, I’m not required to know. None of us are. And we are small, and there is a lot that we haven’t figured out yet. And there’s tons of things that we thought were absolutely true over the centuries that are absolutely not true. And so I think best to be humble.

00:57:02 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah. I’m a longtime Zen practitioner, and there’s a saying not knowing is most intimate, and I love.

00:57:11 – Kelly Corrigan
That’s nice. Yeah, that’s really nice. I like that.

00:57:13 – Eric Zimmer
I also love to think about, like, what do we all believe to be completely true today? Scientifically, that is completely wrong. I know, because there’s gotta be a wide swath of it. I just don’t know which part of it it is, but it’s fascinating to think about. Maybe we can wrap up by talking about your recent TED talk around ordinary moments of bravery. What did you mean? Or what do you mean when you use that phrase, ordinary moments of bravery? And why did you want to give a TED talk on that?

00:57:45 – Kelly Corrigan
Well, the theme of the conference was the brave and the brilliant. And it was clear that there would be tons about AI and space travel and quantum computing. And I just felt that someone should stand up and say something about invisible interpersonal bravery. My kids are 21 and almost 23, and I have some very close friends with whom I share a lot and am reciprocated, and they’re sharing with me. And so I know that every one of us has been put to the test in the most incredible ways, where someone comes to you and says, I cut myself. I weigh myself before and after every meal I steal. I bought a gun. I stopped taking the medication. I’m using again. I hear voices. I mean, these are all true things that have been said to my friends by their children. And if you don’t think what happens next is exquisite bravery, you’re not paying attention, because there’s so many possible reactions in that moment, and 99% of them are wrong. Wrong as in damaging or at a minimum, unproductive. And I think to be brave in the face of such high stakes, there’s just nothing that you’ll care about more than these people and their well being. And you’re so electrified with adrenaline and anxiety. I mean, I don’t know what the cocktail is that’s flowing through your body in that moment, but I’m going to say it’s as strong as heroin. Like, there have been moments where a kid has looked at me and said something, and I have been in a completely different physical state. And, yes, you’re still required to put an expression on your face, shift your posture and say the right thing. And I was positing in the TED talk that the right thing is. Tell me more. What else? Go on. That there’s just these seven words that you can turn to every single time. Because I think what’s behind them is, I don’t think this is so easy that I can solve it in a sentence. I’m not going to tell you what to do. I’m not going to dive in and be the hero. I’m not afraid of what you’re going to tell me next. I can withstand this in its entirety. I don’t think everybody does that. I think most people either leave one way or the other. They take the phone call, they go to the bathroom, they say they have to work, they have an early flight. They somehow wind down the conversation. So that’s like one way that people miss their opportunity for bravery, and then the other way is that they become the hero. They say, you know what? Here’s what we’re going to do. We’re going to call this person and that person, and if they don’t answer, we’re going to call this person, and the next thing we know, and I’m going to take you in that car, we’re going to put you in that rehab and we’re going to. And the bravery that I was trying to elevate was really born out of total intellectual humility, which is, oh, my God, I wouldn’t dream of trying to solve this. I don’t think I could. I don’t think it’s my job and I don’t think I could. And rather, I’m communicating that I don’t need to take over, that I believe that you will solve it and that my only work here is to facilitate your discovery of the whole story. Tell me more. What else? Go on. And it was very satisfying to give it to that audience because the conference starts on a Monday and I didn’t go until Thursday night. So it was basically like the last thing that happened before the big dance party. And as I predicted, there was a really big emphasis on AI and space travel. And here I was talking about this. Hi. Human intelligence, or EI, emotional intelligence. And then we went straight to the dance party and just, I just hugged 150 strangers. Like, people would just point at me and come up and we’d just hug and it was too loud to talk. And I knew what they were feeling and I knew what I was feeling. And we just would jump around and hug and then the next total stranger would come up, same thing would happen. So I felt certain after it was done that I had said something that felt true to other people as well and just kind of an under acknowledged fact.

01:02:32 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah, I watched it and I love it. I love the core idea of ordinary bravery because I do think that the number of beautiful, selfless, caring, loving things that happen in the world over and over and over, day after day after day, there are so many of them. And like you’re saying there are these moments you find out your father has Alzheimer’s or your, you know, your partner’s mother has Alzheimer’s. These moments, they do take a bravery and you said earlier, it’s, you know, required to sit down and do that, but actually, it’s not required. It’s most. And as you said, most people don’t, you know, it’s a very conscious choice to stay in it with people. And I thought the talk really spoke to that beautifully. Yeah.

01:03:22 – Kelly Corrigan
There’s all these movies where the most devastating scene is a person trying to unburden themselves and the. And the other person rejecting the moment. We just. We were rewatching succession, and Kendall, this kid tries to unburden himself to his mother, and she says, oh, is this gonna be difficult? Let’s do it in the morning. And then when he wakes up, there’s just a note that says, I’m so sorry, I had to go. Maybe we’ll talk about that later. Or like ordinary people, which was the searing movie in my childhood and maybe yours, too, where Mary Tyler Moore plays this just unapproachable mother and this poor kid, Timothy Hutton, is trying to say, what hurts? And she just can’t do it. And when you watch a scene like that or you see one unfold on the pages of a book, because that’s the only time you’re gonna see it, you won’t be able to witness it. Otherwise, you’d have to be a fly on the wall in somebody else’s house. But when you see these play out in fiction, I just don’t think there’s anything more devastating.

01:04:30 – Eric Zimmer
Yeah.

01:04:31 – Kelly Corrigan
Than that micro rejection of, like, I.

01:04:34 – Eric Zimmer
Don’T want to do this.

01:04:36 – Kelly Corrigan
I don’t want to talk about this.

01:04:38 – Eric Zimmer
Tell me more. What else? Go on.

01:04:40 – Kelly Corrigan
That’s right. All day long.

01:04:42 – Eric Zimmer
I think that’s a great place for us to wrap up.

01:04:44 – Kelly Corrigan
Fantastic. So good to talk to you. Thanks for asking to do this. I really enjoyed it.

01:04:49 – Eric Zimmer
Thank you so much. Kelly.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

A Journey of Friendship and Mental Illness with Jonathan Rosen

August 20, 2024 Leave a Comment

In this episode, Jonathan Rosen shares a deeply personal journey of friendship and mental illness, shedding light on his best friend, Michael’s battle with schizophrenia. Through his poignant storytelling, Jonathan delves into the challenges Michael faced, the complexities of the mental healthcare system, and the societal misconceptions surrounding mental illness. He captures the emotional turmoil and thought-provoking reflections on the cultural and personal dimensions of this devasting mental illness.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Discover the transformative power of a morning gratitude ritual and its impact on mental well-being
  • Explore heartwarming friendship stories that shed light on navigating mental illness with support and understanding
  • Gain insight into a personal journey with schizophrenia, understanding the challenges and triumphs
  • Uncover the far-reaching impacts of deinstitutionalization on mental health and society as a whole
  • Navigate the complex landscape of mental health legal dilemmas and the implications for individuals and communities

Jonathan Rosen is the author of two novels: Eve’s Apple and Joy Comes in the Morning, and two other works of non-fiction: The Talmud and the Internet: A Journey Between Worlds and The Life of the Skies: Birding at the End of Nature. His essays and articles have appeared in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The Wall Street Journal, and numerous anthologies. He lives with his family in New York City. His new book is The Best Minds:  A Story of Friendship, Madness, and the Tragedy of Good Intentions.

If you enjoyed this conversation with Jonathan Rosen, check out these other episodes:

Gabe Howard on Mental Illness

The Beauty and Power of Friendship with Will Schwalbe

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Episode Transcript:

Eric Zimmer  01:49

Hi, Jonathan, welcome to the show.

Jonathan Rosen  01:50

Hi, nice to be here.

Eric Zimmer  01:51

I’m excited to have you on. We’re going to be discussing your book, which is called the best minds, a story of friendship madness and the tragedy of good intentions, and it’s an outstanding book, and we’ll be getting to in a moment, but we’ll start like we always do with the parable. In the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life, there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One’s a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops, and they think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent. They say, Well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do. First of all, I

Jonathan Rosen  02:44

love parables. So I love it that you begin with one. I also love it that in the parable, both wolves are present. Everyone has them both within many years ago, like 24 years ago, I wrote a book called The Talmud and the Internet, which was about joining unlikely things. And at one point I tell a story from the Talmud, which is this ancient codified book of Jewish law and story. And the rabbis ask a question, Does God pray? And the answer is yes. So the question then becomes, What does God pray? And God prays, may it be my will that My Mercy is greater than my anger, so that my attribute of Mercy will overwhelm my attribute of judgment, and I can approach my children mercifully. So what I love about that is that even God prays for more mercy than anger, and God is omnipotent. But I guess in Judaism, since you’re created in the image of God, that’s not anthropomorphizing god, that’s theomorphizing people, even we do this divine thing, which is hope that our mercy is greater than our anger. But it doesn’t mean that anger can ever be eliminated, nor necessarily even should it. So I think what it makes me think about in my own work is how many times I’ve been drawn to twins, to pairings, and you’re not always sure what the proportions are of those, or what the differences are, and certainly the best minds is about my childhood best friend who literally lived across the street from me. So we were always twinned, even though, of course, within each of us were these attributes, we didn’t each represent a principle.

Eric Zimmer  04:30

I think you’re the first person to ever use the term theomorphizing in 700 episodes of this show or so. I’m not sure I’ve ever heard it before. I understood it the minute you used it. But I’m not sure it’s a word I’ve ever heard before.

Jonathan Rosen  04:44

Yeah, I must have heard it before, and I think it’s one of those things that is an explanation for the mysterious strangeness of being made in the image of God. We’re always trying to figure out what that means, but if we are theomorph. Music, then that means we ourselves have within us some image of God, and therefore our behavior is bound up with, not only, at odds with some divine ideal.

Eric Zimmer  05:10

Before we get into the book, one of the things that I’ve heard you say before about your Jewish faith is that there’s one practice that you do every morning, and it’s sort of the thing that you feel like you’re most consistent with in a life that’s not very adherent to the rest of Jewish law. What is that thing?

Jonathan Rosen  05:33

When I wake up, I say the morning prayer, and the morning prayer is thanking God for giving you back your soul to be nishmati buchama, who returns my soul to me in lovingkindness. So it allows you to begin the day with gratitude. And in fact, the instruction for that prayer in the Shulchan arachnis, medieval code, which tells you the order of prayers and things, says you should awake to say the prayer with a lion like resolve to do God’s will. A lion like resolve. I like that. And then, of course, it’s all newspapers and anxiety, but at least I have my morning island in which I try to acknowledge how mysterious and wonderful it is that I’m alive. Yeah,

Eric Zimmer  06:17

yep. So your book again, the title is the best minds, the story of friendship madness and the tragedy of good intentions, boy, are good intentions that go wrong, always so tragic, too. And it’s a book about you referenced a little bit a childhood friend of yours who I’ll just gonna give the whole thing away. Here goes on to develop a severe mental illness, schizophrenia, and the book is about your friendship with him, his journey through mental illness. But also, I would say our culture’s journey through serious mental illness, whether that be the counterculture that became the main culture, whether that be literature, whether that be the law, whether that be psychiatry itself. I mean, all these things weave together in this really interesting tapestry. But why don’t we start by having you just describe your friend Michael and what your childhood roughly was like, Sure.

Jonathan Rosen  07:15

So I grew up in New Rochelle, which is Westchester suburb of New York City. We moved there in 1973 I was 10 years old. I lived on a very short Street, had about seven houses, and Michael lived across the street and down a few houses, and I met him the day I moved in. Pretty much. He was very precocious. He was very tall. His nickname was big and also toes, because he was always like, leaning upward and forward, whereas I was very shy. And so although I was almost as tall as he was, nobody called me big. He also was brilliant. He read incredibly fast, and he had a photographic memory. I was dyslexic, although I didn’t know it then it wasn’t identified, but still, we were both going to be writers, and so we were very competitive and very, very close, and we were inseparable for many years, and we both went to Yale. Michael graduated in three years because that was his way as summa cum laude, and then he went to work for a management consulting firm. His plan was to work for 10 years, make a lot of money, retire and write. And when he got hired, it was just the beginning in the 80s when people came to recruit you for management consulting. It was almost a new thing. And as he himself said, they wanted people like him who could talk with enormous conviction about things they knew nothing about. And he was masterful at that. So he was doing all that. And then, already, within the first year, he began to have signs of mental illness, of what turned out to be schizophrenia, hallucinations, delusions, he came to feel there were Nazis following him in the streets, that his phone was being tapped. But it took several years before he had a psychotic break, and so I didn’t know. Most people didn’t know. I’m not sure he shared with anyone, and I’m not sure he knew, in a sense, that these things he was seeing and experiencing were anything other than this strange, weird world that he was kind of accepting. And in fact, I was jealous because he quit after just a year, and was living in the attic of this grand house in New Rochelle, owned by two psychiatrists for the view of the water and was writing stories, and I was a grad student, and I thought, Ooh, he’s got the jump on me. He’s writing stories. But then he began to really become delusional. He thought his parents had been replaced by Nazi replicas who looked just like his parents, and so he began patrolling the house with a kitchen knife, and his mother called the police, and he was in a locked ward for eight months, and that was his break. The amazing thing about him, though, and this is just in keeping with who he was, is that while he was still in a halfway house, before his break, he had applied to law school, all the top law schools, while he was in the locked ward, he got into all. Them. His brother, on his behalf, turned them all down, except for Yale, which he deferred. And while he was in the halfway house, he decided I’m going to go to Yale Law School. And did Yes.

Eric Zimmer  10:09

And this is where things in the story start to get very interesting. And I read the story like we all do, by seeing things through our own lenses, and I have a lens of Around the age you and Michael were, at this point, maybe a little bit older, but not by much of being a homeless heroin addict who was in long term treatment and then in a halfway house and trying to rebuild a life after that. And so it was very interesting for me to sort of look at Michael’s journey and mine, and they’re very, very different, right? Like, I mean, I never went to college at all, let alone Yale, and graduate in three years. Lucky for you, maybe, so yeah, and in that case, but what I was struck by was this idea that the halfway house felt very demeaning and beneath him. And I felt that way, certainly at points with that right, we had this saying, though early on in recovery, and I never really liked it, but I understood it. In essence, it was, you can’t be too dumb to get sober, but you can be too smart. And I thought about that a lot right in this book, because in many ways, Michael’s huge intelligence and gifts were not gifts or benefits in the battle he was in against mental illness. Yeah,

Jonathan Rosen  11:34

and I’d actually go even farther, when we were growing up, being smart was enormously important. Didn’t even really know what it meant, and certainly didn’t know what you were going to do with it. You didn’t want to be smart so you could invent something helpful to make people’s lives better. It was just like you would be inoculated against all the ills or sorrows of the world. And it was, as I say in the book, we were like our brain was going to be our rocket ship, and it went without saying we were going to climb were going to climb in and just blast off. And later, of course, I came to think about just how destructive that was as an idea. And Michael used to say something that was almost the opposite of the saying in your halfway house. He would say, I may be crazy, but I’m not stupid. And he found himself in an environment in which brilliance was recognized, just as we had thought about it. And although he could not actually do the work at Yale Law School, he was known or seen as brilliant, and that was somehow going to be the means of his salvation, whereas, in fact, what he needed was what a traditional asylum would grant you, space and time, and somehow, when the doctors and the halfway house suggested that he do something that at the beginning would be more basic despite his brilliance, like work in Macy’s or a grocery store, so he could recover what he lost, however much he Could, and then moved to another level his family felt, and he felt that it was enormously demeaning, and then, because he’d already gotten into Yale before his break, he would say, why would I bag groceries when I could be a Yale lawyer? The tragedy of the subtitle is that one of his professors said to me he had never thought Michael was going to be a Yale lawyer. He thought Michael was going to be someone who had gone to Yale Law School and might therefore be a spokesperson for people with severe mental illness. So already, Michael’s understanding of himself and why he was there was different. And since the space between reality and how he perceived it was the very nature of his illness, they were actually widening that gap in their minds. They were accommodating him, but it was like they were rhetorically accommodating him, and although they granted him what was like a kind of asylum for him for a while, it’s a green interior with walls around it, and people were very kind to him, but there was no actual provision for his recovery or for his future there.

Eric Zimmer  13:58

Yeah, there’s a line that says it also went without saying that Macy’s would destroy him, and Yale Law School would set him free. I believed it. My parents and Michael’s parents believed it. So did Guido Calabrese, who was the Dean there at the time, and the professors who became his mentors, right? Everybody believed this is the best thing for him. And none of us know what would happen if the story had gone differently, right? We can’t know that. But to your point, what happened was he got that Yale Law School, which then led to a profile in the New York Times of the genius who has basically, in spite of schizophrenia, still gotten into Yale Law School and is this incredible, amazing person, which led to a book deal, which led to a movie deal, and led, in many ways, to him being in a profession that is very challenging for even the mentally stable, which is to be alone on your own writing books. Yeah, if

Jonathan Rosen  14:57

you made a list of all the things you. Shouldn’t do if you’re trying to recover from a psychotic break. He did them all being alone for long portions of the day, enormous pressure to write a book that, in a sense, he couldn’t write, because it wasn’t quite his story. And that’s also something that has haunted me, because my mother is a writer, I grew up loving stories. I do love stories, but you can be trapped in a story. You can be trapped in other people’s stories. And you mentioned my interest in the role the culture might have played. You spoke about how Michael killed person he loved most in the world, his fiance. It never felt like a spoiler to me to say that, because it always felt like a murder mystery, not just why him, why not me, even though I knew he did it, but also, how was it that there were not places for him when he needed them? What had happened to the systems that were supposed to care for him, and more than that, how had it happened that people had developed an artificial understanding of what psychosis might be. How had it become almost romanticized? And one of the things I like to remind people is that in the 50s, antipsychotic medication, which was a revolution for people who were with psychosis, was introduced the same year as LSD, and they were both given to psychiatrists to figure out, you know, so you had people with a drug in one hand that suppressed delusions and hallucinations and a drug in the other hand that induced them. And the culture pretty much decided inducing hallucinations was mind expanding, and that therefore those people who naturally hallucinated must be like prophets or priests. And so it immediately spilled over from the medical into the cultural, and that the cultural transformed the law, and then the law reinforced the culture. And so pretty soon, all the ways of understanding illness as an illness had fallen away, sometimes even inverting its meaning. And tracing that backwards was a revelation for me, and since he was literally lived at a house with psychiatrists who provided his care and were of the 60s community mental health movement, and then he was in Yale Law School, where his mentors were law professors who had clerked for the very judges who had changed the institutionalization laws, every place He went was almost emblematic, even though it was actually real at the same time. So I’m not sure where I started by sentence I’ve ended somewhere. There’s

Eric Zimmer  17:30

a lot in there to sort of tweeze apart. And let’s start with the deinstitutionalization process. Talk to me about when we say that, what we mean in what happened. So,

Jonathan Rosen  17:41

as with all these things, many things came together. It wasn’t as if one guy had an idea and put it into practice when I began to learn all these things, I should say, speaking of the two wolves, that I was incredibly angry. I was angry at all of these smart people who seemed to have made so many dreadful decisions. But what I decided to do was tell my book from childhood forward, not backwards, like a journalist, so it wasn’t going to be a tragic inevitability, and how did everybody cause it? It was really going to be people actually making decisions in real time, just like I lived my life in real time. So during the Second World War, first of all, there seemed to be a mental health crisis. Several million people were found unfit for service or were released from service for psychiatric reasons. Some of them had what was then called shell shock. But that allowed, in the aftermath of the war, people to think, Oh, my God, we have to address this. Meanwhile, state hospitals had fallen into a dreadful state, partly because half the staff had been drafted, partly because of the wars they were now bursting with people, partly because people lived longer. And so instead of just younger people suffering from illnesses, there were older people who had dementia, and those people really were only heading in one direction. 20% of all the people who have a psychotic break and an accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia never have another break. So the character of these places had changed, and they were huge. They were like medieval villages. They had farms and theaters and people worked in the soil. And all of this was devised before there were any medications. It was called Moral care. But when you looked at it and Life Magazine ran pictures of naked people huddled together. It looked as much like a concentration camp that had been liberated and life had run those pictures not long before as it did like anything else. So the desire not to reform them, but just to, like tear them down, was very great. Meanwhile, anti psychotic medication came along, and lots of people who were there shouldn’t have been there. So many people could be released. But then what happened was partly President Kennedy, the last piece of major legislation he signed into law before he was assassinated, was the Community Mental Health Act. And as he’s put it, no longer should the cold custodial care of the asylum imprison. In people when we could have the warmth of community care. Problem is nobody had figured out what community care would mean, and more than that, hospitals were for very specific small percentage of the population who were extremely sick. Community mental health centers didn’t just replace the word like a psychiatric disorder with the word mental illness, which itself became a vast category, far beyond the limits of its small particularity. It used the word health, and its goal was to make everybody healthier. And the one group of people who were not cared for were severely ill people, because they often didn’t see themselves as sick. It was a symptom of their illness, and they required a tremendous amount of care and attention. So instead, they were either turned away or never showed up. Some went home, many wound up on the street. Many wound up in prison. They were reinstitutionalized, not deinstitutionalized, because what people had fantasized would take the place of state hospitals, community care helped everyone but the one group of people in whose name they’d been created. That’s a very cartoonish and truncated version, but took me 10 years to write the book, so I’d like to spare everyone a small portion of that time. You

21:19

music.

Eric Zimmer  21:30

There’s another thing that’s happening alongside this. There’s probably many things, but the other one is that we are moving from the idea of psychiatry being for the truly extremely mentally ill, to the rest of us, which Freud called, what was it the psychopathology of daily living, of everyday

Jonathan Rosen  21:54

life, yeah. Or it could have been the translated volume, yes, the psychopathology of everyday life. That was an enormous revolution that had already taken place in psychiatry. So Freud died in, I don’t know, 39 I think he’d never treated people with psychotic disorders like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, but he drew from their experiences the way he drew from his own dreams. And this was something I kept discovering. People kept borrowing almost the metaphor of severe illness and redistributing it to everyone. So if everybody suffers from the psychopathology of everyday life, that instead of living in a giant rustic asylum where your only patients are severely ill people, you can have an office, you know, on Fifth Avenue, like a dentist with normal hours, and send your kids to private school. So the first group of people to be deinstitutionalized were psychiatrists. They kind of got themselves out. And that did two things. It left behind those who most needed psychiatric attention, but it also sort of universalized a state of illness, as if the default wasn’t that you’re well, but that you’re ill and you require psychiatric attention just to enter what Freud would call ordinary unhappiness. It’s one of the reasons I write about myself personally. Because first of all, when I was a teenager and Michael was getting sick, you never feel normal. And second of all, because I certainly struggled with plenty of things that would now be in the DSM, the psychiatrist’s guide. And I thought, well, if I decided to take Prozac, I would not want people to force me to take it, and I wouldn’t want anyone to tell me I had to stop taking it. And so I thought of myself as being in the same category, not that I was in any way remotely like thinking your parents had been replaced by Nazi replicas, and therefore you have to arm yourself to defend yourself. But nobody explained any of those things. There was just this giant, fungible notion of mental illness that doesn’t mean ordinary suffering is not intense, and many people with depression are under medicated, despite the way we talk about overmedication and undertreated, nevertheless, it allowed for a confusion that I participated in, and I kind of wanted to acknowledge that so I could think about it more clearly, because I think it’s hard to retreat from that position now,

Eric Zimmer  24:14

yeah, I mean, I think we all have right. I mean, I think we all have expanded what mental illness, mental health is, and in an attempt to de stigmatize, which I think we’re going to come around to, at some point, we did lose this idea that there are some people, schizophrenics, bipolar being the main ones. I mean, we can call it the same as anxiety or depression in that it’s an illness that affects your mental state. But like you said, it’s very different to be worried about whether you’re going to pass all your classes, versus thinking your parents are Nazis. Those are, those are pretty diametrically different problems to be having. That’s

Jonathan Rosen  24:54

right, it’s interesting. You’ve talked and had people on the program before talking about the elephant of A. Oceans actually John Haidt, who, I think used that initial metaphor, was my class at Yale. But okay, what was amazing to me about Michael’s illness was that he was intensely rational, but he would be making rational conclusions based on an entirely irrational premise. If you think your parents are Nazis, it actually makes sense to arm yourself, and the question of whether you’re dangerous or not is not the properly phrased question the chances of harm coming to you or someone else, simply because you are starting from an irrational point of view, however rationally you now carry it forward, is high, and that took a very long time for me to understand. Many people think that to be psychotic is to simply be entirely irrational in every aspect of your being, and that, I think, made it much harder for people to recognize that Michael was ill, even though he actually told his professors about his hallucinations. And at one point, the dean of Yale Law School, who you mentioned, called his daughter, who I knew, and who was at that very moment, studying to be a psychiatrist and working with a homeless, mentally ill population. Michael had told this Dean that he saw him in the morning sitting on his bed surrounded by flames, and thought he was the devil. The dean told his daughter this story as if it were a kind of amusing instance of what he called neurosis. And his daughter said, Dad, you have no idea what you’re talking about, and yet, people in that position had all changed the laws that made it very, very difficult to get someone help when they required it, and not able to help themselves. And that became a real tangle. We’re still untangling that. Not, yeah,

Eric Zimmer  26:37

I mean the other tragedy of good intentions, I think, I mean, there’s lots of right, deinstitutionalization, a tragedy of good intentions. Right? The people who did that, President Kennedy, and the people that he was working with, had very good intentions. But it’s also interesting that, in addition to the people at Yale Law School who perhaps helped Michael in ways that didn’t end up being helpful, is the fact that he was surrounded by psychiatrists. That’s the other amazing thing, as you hear the story, and there’s the occasional lone voice among the psychiatrists, like the Dean’s daughter, who are saying, like, hang on, like, there’s a real problem here, and you guys are ignoring it, and other people going, Well, no, things seem okay. I think, I think it’s okay. And the good intention that people have is they don’t want to interfere in someone else’s life or take away their autonomy. You know, forcing somebody, as you alluded to, to take their medication, to confine someone against their will. These all seem like really bad things, except when the alternative is perhaps even worse. He

Jonathan Rosen  27:46

was surrounded by people who were convinced they were honoring his autonomy, as you say, and instead, they were facilitating his illness, and they were putting his girlfriend in harm’s way as well. And that truly was tragic. Their goal, the psychiatrist’s goal, was to save him from the system, much more than they wanted to save him from the worst effects of his illness. And again, they were formed at a time when the system really sucked. It was very bad, but that it overshadowed the reality of his illness was a kind of it wasn’t a mass delusion. It was the product of many elements, including, by the way, the idea, and I fell victim to it myself. If you’re telling your story, and he sold his story for a lot of money, and you’re going to be in a movie, and Brad Pitt is going to play you, and Brad Pitt was going to play him, then you feel well, he has indeed succeeded. So when the dean said at the end of the New York Times profile, he’s conquered his illness, although it’s not an illness you conquer it, invoked a story that is deeply appealing. Michael’s the person who had told me about the Hero with 1000 Faces, a book I loved by Joseph Campbell, that the hero goes out into the world, is wounded, but somehow gathers the strength, is helped by, you know, like supernatural creatures, and then survives and maybe limps, has a wound, but has gifts to give the world. And Joseph Campbell even wrote an essay in the grip of this cultural moment called the schizophrenic journey, and he described the schizophrenic person just like the hero. Let the traveler go. In other words, don’t medicate this person. We now know, of course, that the sooner you can stop a cycle of psychosis, the better the recovery is, the less damage is done. But let the traveler go. They still believed, perhaps, that there was going to be some transcendent reward for everyone. As a later dean of Yale Law School, who knew Michael, said to me, he said, if I’d spent less time thinking what a wonderful place Yale is for having taken Michael and more time wondering what his actual experience was, I think it would have been better for him.

Eric Zimmer  29:57

Yeah, you just touched on that. I. Idea of telling our story. You say, Freud had borrowed freely from literature for his new science, but he gave it back the idea that telling a story was an act of healing. And it’s interesting, because telling stories can be an act of healing, no question, right? 12 step programs are based on that to a very large degree and hearing other people’s stories. But you say, you would have to be very ignorant about schizophrenia, as I certainly was, and deluded about writing, as I continued to be, to think that telling the story of your struggle with psychosis could turn it into a past tense affliction, like sorrow transmuted into words. And I think that past tense affliction is a really interesting way of saying it, because 25 years out from opioid addiction, I tell my story, and it has been a way of healing for me, and I think it’s been a way of many people also hearing it and helping. But I, under no way, shape or form, think that I suddenly now could use heroin safely, right? Like it’s past tense in a sense, and in another sense it’s not. And I think that if I were to think, and I’m just speaking for myself, right, that the only thing it took for me to get over an addiction of the severity that I had was telling my story that would be semi delusional, that was part of it, and there were 1000 other little things. Yeah,

Jonathan Rosen  31:26

I’ve always really admired, and I came to admired even more while I was writing my book, the present tense aspect of people in 12 step programs who acknowledged the ongoing potential or capacity to return to the state they were in. And so instead of seeing it as a conquered story, once told and then forgotten, it’s an ongoing journey. And Michael was described as having conquered his illness like it was a mountain, and now he was on the other side of it. Of course, Hollywood has a you know habit of liking happy endings, understandably, but I found in writing my book that I wasn’t just telling stories. I had to untell stories also, because this idea, for example, that being smart was special. And when I looked into that, it wasn’t just that we were from striving. My father was an IMMI refugee, really, you know, like the classic refugee story, especially Jewish refugees. You want to, you know, get ahead being smart as your ticket in and in the meritocracy. That’s true. But there was a very ugly period of time in the early 20th century where the mind was divorced from the soul. You know, psyche means soul, and a psychologist does not study your soul. It studies your mind. And the measurable mind became something you could quantify to the point where, in the early 20s, there was a Supreme Court decision sterilizing a woman because she fell below the level of acceptable intelligence. And Oliver Wendell Holmes famously said three generations of imbeciles are enough. And the youngest generation was like nine years old, and they sterilized her. And so when you only think of someone’s worth in terms of their intellect, that is not the thing. It’s funny. We began by talking about what it means to be theomorphic. For those who share this belief, as I do, that you’re made in the image of God, that’s the source of your equality and your worth. It’s not how well you do on a test. And yet, I think a lot of people felt invested in seeing him as a brilliant because they thought if he didn’t have that, he would have nothing. And I sometimes what my parents were very loving. But there’s a reason I hid my dyslexia, even if I didn’t know what it was called, and like to pretend that I’d read a lot more than I had, because where would I fit in this society where all your heroes were people of intellect, and many of those people, by the way, like Nazi doctors, they were not our heroes. But intellect does not inoculate you. It’s the culture you live in that applies knowledge that matters and that’s about morality. And I felt ashamed, in a sense, to have participated so zealously in something that had really stacked the deck against him, in addition to all the other fantasies and Good Intentions the

Eric Zimmer  34:41

we were talking a little bit about this idea of forced institutionalization, or forcing someone to take their meds. And I think that is a reaction to things like the forced sterilization of somebody who’s not intelligent, the people who are. Forced into institutions, and this is a really tricky area, and I greatly appreciated in the book The nuance at which you take it on, because it is a slippery slope. Should I have been forced as a 25 year old into treatment as a heroin addict, maybe? And the court certainly encouraged. I was in plenty of legal trouble too, and there was a very strong encouragement that I go that direction, you know. And yet these questions come up again and again, and we talk about stigma, and you’ve got a line that I really loved, and I want to just try and take a second here and find it. You said, The problem with stigma wasn’t only thinking that everyone with schizophrenia might end up like Michael in a violent crime when only a very small percentage of people do. The problem was an environment that saw even an inquiry into the possibility of violence among the untreated as stigmatizing. Say more about that? Well,

Jonathan Rosen  35:58

one of the things that was interesting is that Michael had become, after the New York Times profile, which was so heroic, a real champion for many, many people. The woman who was head of Nami, which is a wonderful organization, National Association, it’s not for mental illness. It’s for families of people with mental illness. I just always forget what the preposition is. But in any case, the woman who was head of it had a daughter who herself suffered from a psychotic disorder, and Michael was a real hero. When Michael killed Carrie, it was an earthquake for them. And one of the things many of them began to say and to say publicly was that their initial approach had been to say that people with schizophrenia are just like everybody else. They’re the person next door, which was interesting, because Michael was the person next door for me, but they all actually bore literal scars as well as emotional scars, because there had been times when their children were unmedicated and therefore dangerous in all kinds of ways, either to themselves or to others, and they began to wonder if perhaps it made more sense and would be more destigmatizing to acknowledge these as symptoms. They’re not intrinsic personality traits. They’re potential symptoms that therefore can be treated. And in fact, people who are medicated are no more likely to be violent than anyone else in society. And the way I’m kind of think about it is like here was this extraordinary article in the Times, three years later, he was on the cover of The New York Post under a single gigantic headline, psycho. And what could be more stigmatizing than that? And so sometimes acknowledging the potential for something is not a way of diffusing or denying it, but it does, what actually a diagnosis? Did people forget that before there was a diagnosis of severe mental illness, we’d called people possessed by the devil, and they were locked in basements or beaten to get the devil out of them, or it was seen as a character flaw. And so there was a kind of enlightenment relief that this is a medical illness. It has a set of symptoms, same as other medical illnesses, and we don’t treat it perfectly, but we do have things we can do. So it’s not about you. There’s a thing that you have unfortunately developed. We don’t even know why, by the way, and we have, you know, crude but not ineffective, methods of of helping people. It’s hard, of course, because it’s the mind, and the mind is like nothing else. It’s how we know the world. And if you don’t know the world because your mind is the afflicted portion of your body, or your brain is then you won’t believe you’re ill. It is very tricky. But I often when I read, when I started reading from my book or talking about it, I was always afraid, because I knew there’d be people who have children with psychotic disorders, and I was afraid that my book had told the worst case scenario, the dreaded thing had actually happened in this case. And how would they feel? Would they feel that I was tarnishing their families? And that has never happened. They have all identified with what might happen, because they understand that when you are in a state that is totally detached from reality. You are not responsible. And indeed, Michael was found not responsible by reason of insanity. And in fact, it’s it’s interesting to think even about the two wolves in this sense, because you want to feed the Good Wolf, not the bad wolf. But it used to be called the right wrong test. You were not found guilty if you did not know the difference between what was right and what was wrong. And if you do not know it is cruel to punish someone, but if you don’t punish someone afterwards, it should affect how you think about the disorder untreated before as well. Not that these are simple and by the way, I am not in any way recommending reconstituting asylums state hospitals, medication can be delivered in all kinds of ways, supportive housing, which is a kind of community mental health, which is housing where services are in the building. For you, they’re very expensive and they’re hard to find, but they’re very important. Those make an enormous difference. We failed people, but we’re kind of maybe a psychiatry rebuilds. Self, I’d like to think we will now fuse the psychiatric hospital and community care in a more natural, appropriate way, but it’s so hard for all sorts of legal and

Eric Zimmer  40:12

yeah, it is in the book, when I read that section about some of the the NAMI members, sort of changing their mind to some degree around forced institutionalization, right? That’s pretty telling, but I’ve been around recovery and mental illness situations long enough to know several families who have been trying to make that decision recognize that their loved one is schizophrenic, off their medication and extremely dangerous to themselves and others, and it’s not easy, necessarily, to get somebody admitted against their will to one of these places, and nor should it be easy. I’m not indicating that it should be easy. I’m not actually recommending anything, because I think, like you, it’s a very difficult and thorny problem, but I think it’s one that we have to be willing to talk about. And somewhere in the book, also, it’s a line from a woman who wrote a memoir about having schizophrenia, Ellen Sachs, is that correct? Yeah, it’s a wonderful memoir, yeah. And she’s describing a story where she got involved with a student Law Clinic, and one of the student advisors had gotten a, maybe a fellow student, released from psychiatric care, and they saw this as a legal victory, that this person had gotten out, and then that person went on to burn down their house, killing their parents and their seven year old brother. And she says, and I think this sums it up very well for a bunch of idealistic law students, some lessons were harder to learn than others, and this one that helping people isn’t always a good thing. This is the line that I really loved, or maybe that helping translates differently from case to face and must be cautiously scrutinized. And I think that’s really the key here, right? It’s not that Michael’s situation, no one was cautiously scrutinizing whether what they were doing for him wasn’t necessarily the right thing they thought it was. And again, everybody’s intentions were good. But I love that line from her, yes. And even when you do cautiously scrutinize, you still don’t know. You know, that’s the tragedy of these sort of things. You know, I talk to a lot of parents whose children have addiction, and they’re like, Well, should I kick him out? I’m like, Well, I don’t know. I can’t tell you that. Like, that could be what turns them into recovery. It could be, we just don’t know. Again, that’s partially what drew me so into your book was the nuance at which it discusses things, and how often people who are unwilling to admit nuance do real damage.

Jonathan Rosen  42:45

Yeah. And the one thing I would want people to recognize is, like in New York City, when the mayor tried to broaden it didn’t even broaden. It broaden the interpretation of the statute, which allowed people to bring someone to the hospital if they were unhoused too ill to care for themselves, and so sick they did not know they were sick. There was still like the headlines and all that major newspapers made it sound as if he was randomly rounding up all homeless people and hospitalizing them till forever, whereas, in fact, they were just going to be evaluated and then it would be a medical decision. But the alternative means that the freedom you think you’re fighting for isn’t how you might feel gathered up one day and like a Kafka character and just mysteriously brought to prison. You’re allowing people who are dying in slow motion all around you to die or to get arrested. And that’s a different quality. I remember it was real turning point for me. I read a memoir, very honest memoir, by a very idealistic psychologist. And in the 60s, he’d created a community mental health center in Baltimore’s Inner City, as they called it then. And what he said was that they had a few beds, and they thought everybody in the community who was poor, marginalized, needed care, because that all produced mental illness. The one group they wouldn’t take were people released from mental hospitals because they just needed too much care. So what did the families do? The parents were just as poor, just as marginalized, just as victimized by racism or some other form of discrimination, they called the cops. So this is what they consigned the sickest people that were the nominal reason for creating the center too. Your parents or your sister or your son or your father, your mother, your wife, would call the police, if you were lucky, you wouldn’t get shot, because you were probably in a very florid state of psychosis. They’d bring you to prison, a jail cell, where you’d sit for 24 hours unmedicated in a state of abject terror. And it had never dawned on me how fully terror dominates the life of someone doesn’t know what’s happening, and then the next day, perhaps you would be brought to a psychiatric hospital, where perhaps they would take you, the more likely, if they even took you, they might release you a day or two later, because at that point, being violent was legally turned. Into the only criterion for hospitalization, as if that were the only symptom, and it isn’t even a symptom. And so people wonder why there’s an association between mental illness and violence. Well, you can’t get care simply for being sick, and it’s one of the most intractable illnesses. You can only get care if you’re in immediate danger to yourself or others. As one psychiatrist said to me, if you have a noose around your neck or a knife in your hand, and often by then, needless to say, it’s that does not mean it is a simple problem. Framing it again, what I said, I love so much about the parable, this parable in particular, and parables in general, is that it’s holding two contrary things together. They live side by side. Framing that dilemma isn’t the same as solving it. Stories don’t have to solve a problem, just articulating aspects, maybe contradictory aspects, of it. And I have been very moved by the number of people who are wrestling with different aspects of this, who have felt found inside of it, even though I don’t give any answers, it’s very humbling, actually, because I always feel mildly ashamed, but that you don’t have answers, that I don’t have answers, and that’s something that I was also began with a reckoning with something so personal for me. I mean, I’m moved that. For me, it was always this guy who was so extraordinary lived on my street. Finding out in a way he lives on everybody’s Street was part of the process of writing the book. But you want to do more. I understand the impulse, by the way, to just want to fix my wife is a hospital chaplain, and she’s been wonderful for telling me that sitting in the presence of someone who has pain, not trying to solve it, merely allowing that pain to be expressed is itself a service. And I kind of approached a lot of my interviewing that way, actually, and it made a big difference. Yeah,

Eric Zimmer  46:41

yeah. I mean, there are things that, unfortunately, can’t be fixed. What’s the phrase, they can only be carried, or something along those lines, they can’t be fixed, but they can be carried. That’s a good way of putting it. I’ve never heard that. All right, I’m gonna completely change directions on us here. You take boxing lessons, yeah,

Jonathan Rosen  47:00

I do. And you know what’s funny, my boxing teacher told me the wolf parable years ago. Oh, really, yeah.

Eric Zimmer  47:05

She also goes by the name the Hawaiian mongoose, which is a sweet name, isn’t

Jonathan Rosen  47:09

it? That’s her fighting name, Eileen Olszewski. She’s a terrific trainer, by the way.

Eric Zimmer  47:14

So how long have you been taking boxing lessons? I don’t know, maybe 15 years. Oh, you must be actually decent. Do you spar?

Jonathan Rosen  47:21

I used to, but not in a meaningful way. Like, especially, I was old, even when I started, and I didn’t go Mickey Rourke, where I was like, It’s okay that I’m just going to be fighting a bunch of people. It’s not like that at all. It really started because I was at a crunch, and I had a speed bag, and I just somehow, occasionally, you know, you’re going to be able to do something and you want to do it. So I was hitting the speed bag. And actually, I think it was Miyoko, or maybe her husband, Matthew, who’s her trainer, and a fighter himself, came over and showed me how to do it. And then I just loved it. And that led to hand wraps, and that led to gloves, and that led to boxing, and that led to a ring. And again, if someone had told me when I was little, how satisfying and important it was to hit something, I would have been, it would have been good for me in all kinds of ways. When they would put me in the ring with someone, it was somebody who was really trading to fight and wasn’t allowed to hit me back, and I got to throw at them, which didn’t mean I ever connected. And in fact, initially, part of my training was that it made me nauseous to even imagine that I would hit them. And then, yeah, one day I was hitting this double end bag and and I was going to be sparring that day, she said, You want to hit him now, don’t you? And I was like, well, maybe just a little, just because they kept saying to me, you’re not doing him a favor. You’re not going to knock him out, and you’re probably not even going to hit him. But any case, it’s a martial art, and so if you don’t get hit in the head a lot, when you watch these like lighter fighters, it’s, you know, defense turns into offense, the whole sense of having a body. And, you know, if you read my book, you like having a body had been left out of the recipe somehow. And not only is that a sorrowful loss, but it’s also not good for your mental health, because your mood is an aspect of your body. So all of it was part of just, it was just a kind of joyful thing. And I really love my trainer, and she’s a wonderful person. The fact that she told me that parable was precisely because they understood that getting angry is not how you fight. It’s not a good attribute, because then you lose your control, actually, you know, yeah. So yes, yes. I confess. You know, my daughter was young enough when I started. I think there was a very brief time where she thought it’s what I did, and I was hard for me to have to tell her, you know, she she would tell people who would come over, my dad’s a boxer, and they’d look at me like, really, you know? And I’d be like, No,

Eric Zimmer  49:35

did you take on a fighting name? Do you have a fighting name like Hawaiian mongoose?

Jonathan Rosen  49:38

No, I did not, although, because I wrote a book about bird watching, they would sometimes call me bad bird, which I’m embarrassed to confess. But here I have mocking, loving, but you know there, yes, maybe I’ll

Eric Zimmer  49:51

read your book on bird watching, and have you back on because I am. I’m a fan of the birds myself, for sure. It’s great. Yeah, all right. Well, I. We’re going to wrap up there. Thank you so much for coming on. Thank you for writing a really great book. It’s extraordinarily well written. You’re a great writer and and wrestling with these difficult questions.

Jonathan Rosen  50:11

Thank you. Thank you so much for having me. This was a wonderful conversation.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How to Manage Our Internal Chatter with Ethan Kross

August 16, 2024 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Ethan Kross explores various tools for how to manage our internal chatter and work with negative emotions. His practical strategies are for anyone looking to enhance their emotional well-being and improve mental resilience. Dr. Kross brings a wealth of knowledge and insight to the conversation, making complex psychological concepts accessible and actionable for audiences seeking to navigate their internal dialogue and emotions.

In this episode, you will be able to:

  • Master the art of managing your emotions and thoughts effectively
  • Discover the powerful benefits of distant self-talk for mental resilience
  • Uncover the role of nature in reducing internal chatter and negative emotions
  • Implement practical strategies for emotional regulation in everyday life
  • Explore the impact of environmental cues on your mood and emotional well-being

Ethan Kross, PhD, is one of the world’s leading experts on controlling the conscious mind. An award-winning professor in the University of Michigan’s top ranked Psychology Department and its Ross School of Business, he is the director of the Emotion & Self Control Laboratory. He has participated in policy discussion at the White House, and has been interviewed about his work on CBS Evening News, Good Morning America, and NPR’s Morning Edition. His pioneering research has been featured in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, New England Journal of Medicine and Science. His book is called Chatter: The Voice in Our Head, Why It Matters, and How to Harness It

Connect with Ethan Kross: Website | Instagram | X

If you enjoyed this conversation with Ethan Kross, check out these other episodes:

How to Overcome Overthinking with Jon Acuff

Neuropsychology and the Thinking Mind with Dr. Chris Niebauer

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Episode Transcript:

Ethan Kross  00:39

When the problem isn’t happening to us, we can be really shrewd. But when it’s happening to us, we can often make bad decisions and that’s where the power of distance resides.

Chris Forbes 00:58

Thanks for joining us. Our guest on this episode is Ethan Kross, one of the world’s leading experts on controlling the conscious mind. He’s an award winning professor at the University of Michigan and the Ross School of Business, and also the director of the emotion and self control laboratory. In addition to countless television appearances, Ethan’s research has been featured in The New York Times The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and many others. Today, Ethan and Eric discuss his book, chatter, the voice in our head, why it matters and how to harness it.

Eric Zimmer  02:27

Hi, Ethan, welcome to the show.

Ethan Kross  02:28

Thanks for having me, Eric. I’ve been looking forward to this conversation.

Eric Zimmer  02:31

Yeah, I’m really excited. Your book is called chatter, the voice in our head, why it matters and how to harness it, which is right in the basic ideas that we talked about on the show. But before we get into the book, let’s start like we always do with a parable. There is a grandfather who’s talking with his granddaughter. And he says in life, there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love. And the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the granddaughter stops and she thinks about it for a second, she looks up at her grandfather’s grandfather, which one wins. And the grandfather says the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life. And in the work that you do?

Ethan Kross  03:19

Well, there are two thoughts that immediately come to mind. One is just how wonderful that parable scaffolds on to the content of my research and my book, you know, there’s the good wolf and the bad wolf. Or you could think of the good side or the dark side to our inner voice, the coach, the critic. And so I think we often do feel like in life we are battling between these two forces. And the big question we face is, how do we tilt the balance in the direction we want to spend most of our life living and I think for most of us, that is in the direction of the more positive Wolf. So I think that really connects that parable to what we know is a struggle that many of us almost maybe even all of us face at times. But the other point that it raises is a more nuanced one about emotion that I think a lot about lately, which is I think many of us reflexively want to rid our lives of negative emotions, the negative Wolf and and only really dance with that positive all the happy joy and so forth. And I think our emotional life, I don’t think I know, is more complicated than that, in the sense that negative emotions and small doses can actually be amazingly useful to us. So we don’t want to rid our life entirely of that bad wolf, if you want to stick with that metaphor, right? Like, if I don’t experience a small ping of anxiety before a big presentation. The presentation often doesn’t go as well. If I do have a small ping of anxiety, right because that negative emotion Is his information that’s motivating me to attend to the situation? And, and practice and prepare. So I don’t think we should try to rid ourselves of that dark side of us that that negative Wolf, however we want to describe it. But I think we want to figure out how to coexist with that negative offer or minimize their impact on us, but, but recognize that there’s still value that comes from it, if that makes sense,

Eric Zimmer  05:25

it totally makes sense. And it kind of leads me into where I want to start this conversation, which is around the way that thoughts and emotions work, you know, they co arise together, in essence, you know, we talked about the thought and emotion, but they tend to sort of show up together in a one may proceed the other. But the question I have for you is, there are two sort of schools out there I’ve seen of working with emotions and working with thoughts, and I’m vastly oversimplifying here. But one school is sort of saying, Look, you just be with what is you allow it, you give it space, but you be with it, what is you don’t resist, you just you kind of let it be there. The other school is more, get in there, and you know, work with your thoughts trying to, you know, turn your thoughts down, or turn them up, or change them this way or that way. And that’s the approach. And I’m kind of curious how you think about that? I’m not gonna say it’s a split, because I don’t think it’s that obvious. But there does seem to be sort of do I start with emotions? Do I start with thoughts? Does it depend? You know, how do you think about that?

Ethan Kross  06:39

Yeah, I think you’re capturing an important tension that exists not only in the field scientifically, but I think also more broadly, in our culture, where you have certain approaches that really emphasize let’s call it The mindfulness approach, be in the moment, except don’t try to engage with a thought, let it go and move on. And then there’s another camp that is much more coming out of the cognitive tradition, cognitive therapy, which is, hey, you can change how you think to change how you feel. I think it is unfortunate that we have splintered into these camps. Those two approaches that you described, which I just summarized back to you. These represent two different tools that we possess for managing our emotional lives. And I don’t privilege one tool over another different tools are useful for different people in different situations. And so when I hear people say, hey, the only thing you Well, first, let me say, if I hear some anyone say the only thing you need to do I stop at the only because although we often want single Magic Bullet solutions, none exist. As far as I’ve been able to deduce. Right? What we know is that we have evolved this capacity to use the very technical term drive ourselves nuts at times, they get stuck ruminating and worrying and catastrophizing. So we have that tendency that exists. But what we have also evolved is a boatload of tools that we can use to manage these negative conversations we have with ourselves in aversive states. And so if you come to me, and you asked me like, what tools can I give you to give you the best chance of succeeding in succeeding in the sense of living a fulfilling, productive life? I’m going to give you access to the whole whole toolkit, right? Why am I going to limit you to one tool, a carpenter doesn’t try to build a house with just a hammer, they have multiple toolboxes that they bring to the job site. And I think the same is true when it comes to our emotional lives. We try to oversimplify things sometimes and say, Hey, this is the one thing you need to do. But in fact, that’s not true.

Eric Zimmer  08:53

Yeah, yeah, I agree. 100%. And, you know, I keep wanting to try and simplify it. I do work with clients. And I, you know, I want to I want to make it like a here’s your four step method, but it just never reduces that way. I did think, though, that later in the book, you talked about conversations with other people. And you talked about that there’s two needs in conversation with other people. And this really resonated with me, and it resonated with me about the topic that we’re talking about here. And what you said was that people in a conversation if they’re going to talk to somebody else about a struggle they’re having, they have an emotional need, and they have a cognitive need. And I really love that because it sort of said, look, it’s not one or the other, they both those needs are there. And for it to be a really productive and satisfying conversation. You’ve got to have both those elements. So talk to me a little bit about what you mean by emotional need and cognitive need in that way. Well, we know from

Ethan Kross  09:51

lots of research that when people experience chatter, which I use as a term to just capture getting stuck in a negative thought loop, so if it’s a negative thought, about the past, that’s rumination if it’s the future, or President call that worry. But you’re just spinning, you’re trying to find a solution to a problem, but you’re not succeeding. And we know that when that happens, people are intensely motivated to find someone else to share that chatter with, to talk to that other person about what’s going through their head. They’re a couple exceptions, that rule we tend not to want to talk about certain kinds of trauma or experiences involving shame, but all the other sources of chatter, the anxiety, the sadness, the anger, we want to find someone to chat with. And what we know is that our intuitions regarding what makes for a good productive conversation are often off. So many people think that the key to having a productive, useful conversation about your Chatter is to find someone to venture emotions to just unload what is going through your head, get it off your chest. We know that when you vent to someone else about what you’re feeling, this can be really good for satisfying those social needs, that we have those social and emotional needs. It feels good to know that there’s someone out there in the world that is willing to take the time to hear what I’ve gone through to validate my experience. And indeed, research shows that when you vent to someone else that that often strengthens a friendship bonds between people. The problem is that if all you do is vent your emotions, all you do is that solidify. You wouldn’t believe what that guy asked me on the last podcast that was so rude and obnoxious. And they said they would do Can you believe it? And then you’re like, oh, that sounds terrible. Ethan, I would hate to be in that’s it. Yeah, you’re damn right. You know, if that’s all you do, you leave that conversation, feeling close and connected to the person who talked to you, but you’re just as upset if not more upset. By the time you’re finished talking than when you started. The best kinds of conversations when it comes to chatter, do toothpicks. You spend a little time expressing your emotions, getting it out, letting the other person learn about what you’ve gone through. But then at a certain point in the conversation, that person you’re talking to starts working to help you broaden your perspective, they start helping you try to reframe your experience. So you might say to me, Hey, Ethan, that, wow, that sounds terrible. I’ve been in situations like that, you know, the good news is they’re they’re one out of 100. But and when that happens, here’s how I think about it. So when we experience chatter, we get so stuck in a tunnel vision mindset, we’re thinking about the problem, we can’t break out of that, to think differently about we’re going through in ways that might make us feel better, and other people are in a prime position to help us do it. Because they’ve got the objectivity. They’ve got the distance from our problems to think more rationally about it. So you know, oftentimes talking can go terribly wrong. But it also has a potential to go really right. And what I think knowing about the scientific principles do for people is it does two things, I’ll speak in the first person from my own experience. You know, I used to be someone before I knew the science, like so many other people, I get upset, I instantly call this person and call that person, I would just look for people to share it with. And it didn’t always make me feel better. Now that I know this science, one thing allows me to do is I am exceptionally deliberate about who I contact. When I need chatter, support. Many people that I love dearly, they love me, I don’t talk to them about chatter at all, you know, it’s about the kids and about work, I keep it at that level. Because I know if I go into the chatter with them, they’re just going to make it worse, they don’t intend to, but by just getting me to vent it just going to not be a good situation. So there are like four or five people that I know I can trust to really help Listen to me, and then broaden my perspective. And like, that’s my chatter board, right. And I avail myself of that resource quite a bit. And it’s incredibly useful. So that’s one take home. The other take home is when people come to me for support when they Hey, you think I can get your you know, I get your take on this, I got to talk to you about this. I’m not helpless and just listening and trying to figure out what to do. I’ve got a game plan. I know I’m going to listen for a bit. And I’m gonna start feeling out the person who’s talking to me to see when they’re ready for me to give them advice. And there’s an art to doing that. You know, if my wife comes to me with a problem, and she’s going on and on and you know, at some point, I might say, totally, I’m so sorry, that happened. I have a thought, can I give it to you? And sometimes they’ll say, no, just listen, I just want to keep going. And then I’ll let her go. But at other times, she’s like, Please, yeah, tell me what I should do. I want some advice. And so you’ve got to feel that out a little bit. But this is science giving us a blueprint for how to interact profitably with other people when it comes to chatter and I think that is a really valuable commodity to have.

Eric Zimmer  14:54

Yeah. And what I love about that whole idea there is there is a stereotype out there of women just one event. And they get frustrated because they feel like they they vent to their male partner and their male partner immediately just wants to solve it. Yeah. And what I love about what you’re saying is, well, you’re both kind of right. That’s right, you know, that emotional need is is real, that venting that connecting. That’s an important part of it. And and I’ve often found, until that’s established, the second part can’t take off. But there is a point where it does make sense to say, okay, good. Now we’ve sort of gotten our feelings out about this. Is there anything we can do? Is there a way we can think about this differently? And I was a recovering heroin addict, or I guess I am, I found in a VA that the people that I talked to, that were the most helpful did both those things, right? They didn’t immediately cut you off and be like, Well, what you should do is this. But at a certain point, they went well, Eric, let’s look at this slightly differently. And and so I think that balance is so important. And I think it also for me pointed to internally for myself, needing that same balance, right, needing to say, Okay, I’m going to allow myself to feel what I feel it’s okay to feel what I feel, not try and squash the emotion by by changing my perspective immediately, but then not getting stuck there. Then moving into, Okay, are there ways that I can cognitively think about this differently? Are there tools I can use? So I just love that part of the book. But I kind of started you near the end of your book. Let’s hop back up a little bit. And talk about, you know, how we work more skillfully with chatter. Your book has a ton of tools in it. And I love that at the end of the book, you sort of summarized all of the tools that we can use, but let’s talk about what sort of things cause chatter for us most commonly, and then maybe we’ll move into some of the tools. Well, we all have

Ethan Kross  16:49

different chatter triggers. And I think that’s one thing to recognize, just like we have different tastes and food and partners, we have different kinds of experiences that light us up. So you know, for me, it may be my kids well being and health, I don’t worry at all about money stuff, or work stuff when it comes to their health, chatter, chatter, chatter, right. But for other people, it’s the exact opposite. Two common features, though, of of chatter, triggers are uncertainty and a lack of control. So not being certain about what is going to happen, or how something you did might affect you, and not having much control over those are like sparks that allow chatter to ignite. What’s interesting about those two properties is that we’re living through a time right now filled with a ton of uncertainty and a lack of control in the form of COVID. And the pandemic, right, we don’t know what’s going to happen. We don’t have much control either. And it’s not surprising, therefore, that chatter in the form of anxiety and depression is the spiking quite a bit over the past year and a half, or however long we’ve been in this mess. I think it’s a little bit longer than a year and a half. Yeah. So those are some conditions that give rise to chatter. And you know, when we experience that chatter, we just get super zoomed in very narrowly, on whatever it is that’s bothering us. But what we’ve learned that is so exciting, and to go back to what where we started earlier on juxtaposing accepting emotions or trying to change it as these two different approaches that some people subscribe only to one or another. We know that there are so many different tools people can use to manage this chatter. So it really is handicapping us. If we try to restrict ourselves, I think, to just one or two approaches, I like to organize these tools into three categories just to give to try to simplify the space. There are things we could do on our own ways of shifting our thinking that can be useful. There are ways of interacting with other people skillfully, like we just described, right, like talking but also getting advice. And then there are environmental tools, which I find fascinating, which are ways of interacting with our physical spaces that affect how we talk to ourselves and think from the outside in, which can be quite powerful too. And I think knowing about what these tools are, what it does for us, is it gives us the opportunity to be much more deliberate about how we control our chatter. So people often ask me, Hey, do you ever experienced chatter, Ethan, you know, you’re an expert in it, in studying it and controlling it. And, you know, I usually pause. Yeah, of course, I experienced it at times, I mean, human. But what I think I’ve gotten really good at over the years is the moment I start to detect that the chatter is brewing. I shut it down by using these different tools. And it’s often different combinations. But having them at my disposal allows me to just recruit them right away to muffle this chatter response rather than let it really take over in ways that can be truly debilitating. Let me get a little concrete though, because I’m talking in a very abstract way about all this. So what are some things you can do to regulate chatter on your own. I’ll tell you about a few of my favorite tools. One category of them are we call distancing tools. So when you’re experiencing chatter, you’re super zoomed in on the problem, what we’ve learned is that if you could zoom out and get a broader perspective, that can be really useful. One of my favorites tools is something called distant self talk. And what this tool involves is trying to give yourself advice about how to work on a problem, like you would give your best friend advice and using language, harnessing the structure of language to help you do that effortlessly. And what it involves doing is using your own name and the second person pronoun you to coach yourself the problem doing this silently, I should give that caveat not not out loud while you’re walking down a city street or anything, how are you going to manage a situation? What are you going to do? Here’s what you should do. What we find in our studies is that it’s often much easier for us to give advice to other people than to take our own advice. You know, do as I say, not as I do, this is a very strong response that we see playing out across lots and lots of studies. What distance self talk does is it leverages the structure of language to automatically shift your perspective and get you to start relating to yourself talking to yourself, like you would talk to another person. If you think about when we use names, and second person pronouns words, like you, we use names and second person pronouns virtually exclusively, when we think about refer to other people. So the link in our mind between a name and someone else superduper, strong. And the idea is that when you use your own name, to reflect on your problems, that’s switching you into this coaching mode, where you’re not getting stuck in all of those irrational thoughts that you are probably ashamed to even articulate to someone else, let alone tell your best friend and say, Alright, here’s how you’re going to manage a situation, you’ve done this 1000 times before, you’re going to do it, and then you’re going to have dinner, and you’re going to get a good night’s sleep. And that’s in fact, what we see playing out in our study. So so that’s usually my first go to strategy. Actually, if I find myself getting a little bit of chatter, already thin, what are you going to do, and it snaps me out of the thought loop,

Eric Zimmer  22:18

I found that really interesting, that idea of distance, self talk and using you. And it took me back to early in recovery. And when we were in recovery groups, we used to say all the time, Use I statements, I feel this and when I heard you saying like use the you and you know distance self talk, and what I realized was that what we were after in early recovery, was connection back to ourselves not distancing from ourselves, because we’ve been doing that with addiction so effectively. And we had distanced ourselves from all the consequences from all of our emotions. So in that case, we wanted the opposite of distance, self talk, at least in the beginning to bring us closer to But your point is how effective this is, when we’re dealing with a problem. Are you the person who came up with the term Solomon’s paradox?

Ethan Kross  23:08

Yeah, it was a paper with one of my students, we coined that phrase,

Eric Zimmer  23:12

you’ve got to share what that is, because I must have read about that. Six or seven years ago, and I have used it countless times, because it’s so brilliant. So tell us about Solomon’s paradox.

Ethan Kross  23:22

Well, so Solomon’s paradox is named after the Bible’s King Solomon, who was famously adept at giving really great advice to other people and leaders from all over the world would travel to his kingdom to get his wisdom. But if you look carefully at Solomon’s own life, he was a terrible decision maker, he made a rash of really bad decisions, he got stuck in these like, love triangles would be generous was more like love octagons with different women, you know, built them temples, and it ultimately led to his kingdom’s demise. And I talked about this in my book, you see this playing out with so many people who we think are wise, you know, Abraham Lincoln struggled endlessly when it came to his own problems with depression, but was able to give his his buddy who was struggling with depression, great advice, Bill Clinton, Monica, Lo, you know, we can go to contemporary culture too with Monica Lewinsky and find all sorts of illustrations of people who can be very wise in one context, but very unwise in another. And so it really speaks to something I think fundamental about us, which is when the problem isn’t happening to us, we can be really shrewd, but when it’s happening to us, and we get overly zoomed in and sucked in, we can often make bad decisions and that’s where the power of distance resides. Because we have evolved the ability to use tools to counteract Solomon’s paradox to fight against it. And distance self talk is one example of such a tool. I want to go back Eric to the point you made though about recovery and taking ownership of your experience, I think it’s such an important point to emphasize. Because all the tools that we talk about are useful in particular contexts. That doesn’t mean they’re useful across the board, I would never tell someone that, hey, what you need to do moving forward is always talk to yourself in the third person, right, that would not be productive, there’s a time and place to do it. And the time in place is when you were overly zoomed in on a problem. In some context, though, being immersed can be amazingly helpful, like when you’re experiencing joy, and other kinds of positive states, you don’t want to distance there, you want to immerse yourself further, or in your example, if you are already distanced too much, then you want to reel a person back in and heat them up a little bit. And so I think it’s just useful to have that perspective on how all of these tools work, there’s a time and place for them.

Eric Zimmer  25:56

And I think that idea of distance is so helpful. You talked about one way of doing it, but you share other ways. You know, one of my favorite questions of all time is like, will this matter in five hours? Five days, five weeks, five months? Like, yeah, which is a time distancing tool, right?

Ethan Kross  26:12

Yeah. And that’s actually my second personal go to tool. We call that temporal distancing, or more colloquially, mental time travel. And I find this really useful. So first, I’ll I’ll do already, then how are you going to manage this. And then I’ll usually while still using my own name, I’ll think, Ethan, how you gonna feel about this next week, or next month, or next year, or 10 years from now. And what that does, is it breaks us out of this tunnel vision that is so debilitating. And it makes it clear to us that oftentimes what we’re going through is temporary, it’ll eventually fade. We recognize that because we’ve experienced life before. And we’ve learned that usually, there’s some exceptions, but in most cases, even though the worst emotions fade with time. And when we have that recognition, that does something really powerful for the human mind, it gives us hope. And hope is a powerful antidote for chatter. Now that’s going forward in time. And that’s probably the most commonly discussed form of mental time travel as a tool. But you can also go back in time in ways that are productive. I actually do this a lot with COVID. So I’ll think when I was mired in despair, washing fruit with Clorox wipes, and doing all that kind of stuff some of us did early on in the pandemic, I would think to myself, this is not so good. But what about like the last pandemic in 1917, or 18? Now, you know, things were arguably much worse back then, no, Uber, knows, boom, what about the the bubonic plague like oh, my god, that was way, way worse than what we’re going through right now. And so that’s another way of broadening my perspective, to put in perspective, the actual magnitude of what we’re experiencing, which, you know, if you look in the big grand scheme of things, vaccines in record time, technology, it could be much, much worse.

Eric Zimmer  28:34

You alluded to another type of backwards time travel, when you were just sort of off the cuff talking to yourself, which was, you’ve handled this 1000 times before. And that’s a big one for me is I just look back, it’s almost inevitable that at least once per week, I will start to feel my stress level about getting everything I have to get done, done, goes up, and I starts rising. And then I just remind myself, Eric, this has happened every week, for 20 years. And every single time it is worked out. And that sort of backwards time travel is really helpful to me,

Ethan Kross  29:09

it’s funny, because I use the same exact reframe, Eric and I likewise find it to be incredibly helpful. I’ve literally given hundreds of presentations over the course of my career. And inevitably, if it’s a high stakes event, you know, very, very big audience or a kind of audience that I know is going to be gunning for me in the academic world, you know, a pretty competitive environment. I’ll still begin to hear those whispers of doubt perk up in my head, and then I remind myself, even you’ve given hundreds of talks, you’ve never you’ve never lost it, it’s never gone. And having that broader perspective and actual evidence. It’s amazingly anxiolytic. I mean, it really takes the edge off. And that’s what I love about these tools, right? We’ve talked about too. Yeah, they’re like 27 that I cover In the book, many of these tools are very easy to implement. Right now, there are some tools I talked about that are more effortful, and they require more time and engagement. But a lot of these, these are just very subtle shifts, that can often make the difference between getting caught in that negative thoughts spiral in a way that allows it to take over and regaining control of our mind in ways that can be really helpful to us. And so that’s what I love about so many of these tools. Yeah,

Eric Zimmer  30:29

let’s hit a few more of them in the tools you can implement on your own category. And then we can move to some of the others. We’ve hit distance self talk, we sort of talked about, imagine advising a friend, let’s talk about writing expressively. Let’s talk about why that’s a useful tool.

Ethan Kross  30:45

So expressive writing, the way it’s been studied. This is a form of journaling about negative experiences. And there’s been lots of research on this, which shows that writing about your deepest thoughts and feelings about something negative you’ve experienced, can be helpful for allowing you to essentially create a story that helps you understand what you’ve gone through, and then leave that experience behind and move on with your life. And one of the reasons why we think expressive writing is helpful is because it is a type of distancing tool, when you stop for a moment, and try to put pen to the page or I guess fingers to the keyboard nowadays, and pen a story, you yourself, you are the character of that story. So you are now writing about yourself. And there’s there’s distance that that creates when you’re thinking about yourself as a character in a story. So that gives you some mental space. But another thing that writing does is it it helps give us structure to our experience. Because when you when you write about an experience, there’s a form that that takes like, we often think in a very fragmented way, very emotional, what what Omar, you know, just pinging negative thoughts and images all over the place. But that’s not how we write, we we learn to write with, you know, there’s a subject a verb, oftentimes a punctuation mark. And, and when we write about things, there’s often like a beginning, middle, and end. So writing helps us create a narrative that helps us do something that we’re highly motivated to do, which is make meaning out of our lives. And then ability to make meaning. This is something that sometimes we really struggle with, and writing can help bring that process back on track in ways that are really helpful.

Eric Zimmer  32:28

Yeah, I think to your point, I often think of thoughts as being really slippery, on one hand, they sort of take over and yet, when you try and grab onto a lot of them, they tend to be kind of, you know, like I said, slippery, which is why I think that writing idea sort of slows the whole process down a little bit and allows a little bit more clarity,

Ethan Kross  32:46

completely agree is slowing it down is I think a great way of describing it, because we can often think quite fast, and in a very disorganized, incoherent way. And that’s just not how you write about things. And so so that’s another kind of distancing tool that I talk about, that tends to be a more effortful tool, because you’ve actually, you do have to stop and sit down, find the time to actually, you know, write about that experience, but it could be a really useful one.

Eric Zimmer  33:14

So what about changing the view, this is another slightly more effortful one than say, maybe just switching that the tense you’re using from AI to you. But what is changing the view, when we

Ethan Kross  33:27

think about negative experiences past or future, we often have a mental snapshot of that event in our mind. So if I asked you to think back to the last time you put your foot in your mouth in a conversation, I don’t know if you’ve ever done that before I have I can think about last time I did that it was just a couple hours ago. And I actually right now I’m seeing have a snapshot of that experience, I’m I could see the person’s face, who I didn’t mean to insult the dead. And what we know is that that image that we have in our mind is malleable. The more emotionally experiences the more you replay that event in a from a first person point of view, you’re right back there in the moment re experiencing it as though it’s happening all over again. But what we also know people can do is they can essentially take a step back in their own imagination and see themselves in the experience, they can adopt a fly on the wall perspective where they see the bigger picture. They see the whole scene. They’re looking at themselves in that event, doing the thing they did, almost like a director in a movie, like watching the actors interact. And that’s another way of getting distance, right? That’s another way of breaking yourself out of that very immersed state. And thinking about your experience from a more objective standpoint. It actually often goes hand in hand with linguistic distancing or the distance self talk. So in some studies, where we we’ve told people to talk about a negative experience using their name try to work through it When they’re done, we have them think about the event and tell us, hey, to what extent were you actually right back there reliving the event through your own eyes versus seeing yourself in it, the more you use your own name, the more you actually see yourself from afar. So these different kinds of distance are related.

Eric Zimmer  35:16

I’m going to change directions for a second, because I want to hit a word that’s in the title of your book before we forget it, or before I forget it, which is you use the word harness. And I really like that word a lot. I’d love to hear why. That’s the term you chose for dealing with Chatter is harnessing it. And I suppose we could say the same thing for negative emotions, you probably assume you might use a similar word, which would be that we want to harness that’s right. So why is that the word?

Ethan Kross  35:46

You know, I can’t tell you how many people when they learn about the negative implications that chatter can have for their life, how it can undermine their ability to think and perform, create friction in their relationships, negatively impact their physical health, the immediate question they asked me is, how do i Silence this inner voice. And what I respond to them is, hey, that’s not something you would want to do, given all of the amazing things that our inner voice actually does for us. We haven’t talked much about this. But right, but your inner voice is, it’s a tool, a tool of the mind, that is really, really helpful helps you keep information active in your head, simulate and plan, control yourself, create narratives. And so the challenge here is not to get rid of this vital human capacity. Instead, the challenge is to figure out how do you wheel that tool of the mind more effectively. And harness is a word that I think captures that it’s have got this tool, its ability to silently use language to reflect on my life. And it’s not being properly deployed, for whatever reason, the program is not working properly, I’m getting the equivalent of error messages. And it’s making me really upset. How can I regain control of that tool, harness it, but you don’t want to throw the tool out altogether. So that was a reason for choosing the word harness?

Eric Zimmer  37:10

Yeah, I love it. Because I think it speaks to what you’re saying, like, the brain isn’t going to turn off, the inner voice is not going to turn off. It’s just, it’s not the way the brain works. And to your point, we wouldn’t want it to, and emotions aren’t going to go away. But there is tremendous energy available there. I know you’re often thought of as a emotional regulation expert. And the way if somebody asked me defined emotional regulation, I would just say, working with my thoughts and emotions skillfully enough, that I could act according to my values, right. And so I love that idea of harness because it means I can sort of point this entire apparatus at my values, and I can use that energy that’s coming from all this to sort of move me in that direction. And when I thought about that word harness, in your title, I went, That’s kind of the word I’ve been looking for.

Ethan Kross  37:58

Absolutely. We’re thinking about things exactly the same way. This

Eric Zimmer  38:01

comes to me and I don’t quite recall if it was in your book or not. But it makes me think of a question. I think I got it from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, maybe interviewing Stephen C. Hayes or someone but it was this question of is this thought useful or not. And I love that idea. To your point, like we may define chatter as becoming maladaptive, but the internal voice, the thoughts, sometimes they are very useful. And so I do think it’s helpful to ask that question, is this useful or not? If it is, good, let’s stay with it. And if it’s not, then let’s start talking about deploying some of the tools you’re talking about.

Ethan Kross  38:38

Absolutely. I completely agree with that. You know, another distinction along those lines that I personally find very useful, is to also think about what aspects of your thoughts and beliefs you can control and what you can’t. So I don’t think you have control or human beings can control the thoughts that pop into our head, right? I don’t have any evidence suggesting how to control or how to determine why it is I’m walking down the street to work at a very dark, inappropriate thought runs through my head. Yep. I don’t know where that comes from. And I don’t think we figured out maybe one day we will I’m sure we will. But we don’t right now. Yep. So I can’t control the thoughts that pop into my head. But what I do have enormous control over is how I engage with those thoughts once they arise. And I’ve got a fantastic toolbox of skills that I could draw on to push those thoughts in different directions. I can accept it, I can reframe it. I can go deeper into it. You know, lots of things like do and that’s my playground. And so I think just being aware of that framework for how to think about thinking can be really useful because some people get down on themselves, they start experiencing chatter, like because a particular thought popped into their head. I remember teaching a class a few years ago, was a class on self control and emotion regulation. And I posed a question to this Students, what if you have the temptation to do something that you don’t want to do? And in this case, it was like eating after 10pm, right. But let’s say you’re on a diet, you want to be regulated there. So what if you have the temptation, but you are actually effective and not giving into that thought about half the class thought that just because you had the temptation meant that you hadn’t truly exercise self control. And my response to them is, you are setting a really high bar for being controlled in your life. You know, if that were the case, for me, I’m a complete self control failure, every hour of my existence, because I’m constantly experiencing temptations and thoughts that maybe I don’t want to be having. I don’t always give into them. In fact, I usually don’t. And I think that’s, that’s where self control resides.

Eric Zimmer  40:51

Totally. I mean, sit down to meditate for five minutes, and you learn very quickly, like, I think it’s actually one of the benefits of meditation that is often undersold, is that you sit there and you go, Okay, I am not going to think. And then it just happens. Yeah, it just goes and goes. And then again, you’re like, I’m gonna pay attention to my breath. And they just go and you realize very quickly, like, at least the eye is I think of myself is not running that show that factory is is producing on its own. And so yeah, since I can’t control that part of it, I can just relax around that. That’s

Ethan Kross  41:27

right. And it is so liberating. It’s incredibly liberating draws, all right, yeah, I just had that temptation, or I have a thought, Okay, if I didn’t act on it, or I didn’t let it take over. I mean, it really I think, lowers the bar for being satisfied with oneself in ways that I think are truly healthy and adaptive. I think one

Eric Zimmer  42:18

of the things that is most difficult for people, and I hear this a lot from people that I do work with is yeah, I remembered all those tools two hours after it was over. Do you have any ideas? or has any of your research led us to any insight into how we can more quickly recognize okay, I’m in the middle of a chatter storm. And I got tools I can use? Because that seems to be a very sort of common stumbling block

Ethan Kross  42:50

to responses to that excellent question that taps into, I think, that I agree, this is a real issue that a lot of people struggle with. First, one of the reasons why I find so many of the tools in that little skill box, I talk about that toolbox. So exciting is because they are easy to use. Now, just because they’re easy, should not in any way diminish their potential benefits. There’s a lot of complexity and science that went to the identification of these different tools. But some of them are just simple to use. And one of the things we know about people is, the easier it is to do it, the more likely they will be to do it. Yeah. And so I think just being aware of what some of those easy to use tools are can be really empowering, and potentially really useful, you know, temporal distancing, that mental time travel that you skillfully proactively use when you detect chatter. And then I do as well, if I wasn’t aware of that tool, I would just have to kind of wait to stumble on it. But I know how that works. Yeah, I can implement that in a matter of seconds. That’s not an exaggeration, how quickly that tool is to use. Same thing with distance self talk, we’ve done neuroscience work on that, looking at how quickly in the brain you see a reduction in emotional reactivity. It’s within milliseconds, because it’s so quick to use these tools. So that’s one thought. And the other thing to keep in mind is this there are things you can do to enhance the likelihood that you will use different tools when you’re struggling with chatter. And so there’s work on something called implementation intentions or creating if then plans I think is really fabulous scientific work. And what it involves doing is you come up with an if then plan that you rehearse ahead of time. If I find myself experiencing chatter about work, then I’m going to use distance self talk, mental time travel and talk to a chatter buddy and you rehearse that plan a little bit. And what ends up happening then when you come up with a simple plan. It’s a commitment device that essentially links specific tools with a specific situation, enhancing the likelihood that you We use those tools in that situation. And so if listeners are struggling to use the tools in the moment, I would encourage them to try creating some of those if then plans and then see if that makes a difference.

Eric Zimmer  45:12

Yeah, I think for some of those chatter ones for me, it’s not an if then it’s a when then. Yeah, yeah. And I experienced chatter about work, then there’s no if about it. It’s coming sooner or later. Yeah, I agree. I think those are really, really helpful tools. And I think there’s something about doing that and repeating that, as a professor, you may know what this term is called. I know it has a name. I can’t say what it is. But it’s basically like, if you think about buying a Toyota, you all of a sudden start seeing Toyota’s everywhere. It’s not that there’s any more, right, it’s just that you’re noticing them. And I think those implementation instructions can do a similar thing. Yeah, we’re priming ourselves to look for chatter storms.

Ethan Kross  45:50

Absolutely. It is remarkable to me, how much time we spend dealing with negative emotions and stumbling our way through those experiences, right, trying to find ways of managing it. I think that’s that’s the case for most people when they’re experiencing negative emotions. And yeah, the more you know about these tools, the less stumbling you’ll do and the more deliberate and skillful you can be about managing those states, let’s shift

Eric Zimmer  46:16

into talking about a couple tools that involve the environment, because like you said, I think these are very interesting. And as I’ve done a lot of work on habits study with people, we recognize more and more environmental cues are so hugely important. I love

Ethan Kross  46:33

this work. And I find it so fascinating that there are ways of interacting with our physical spaces that affect our internal conversations. And there are a couple of different tools that exist here, we’ll deal with the elephant in the room first, which is nature and Greenspaces. Lots of people probably have had the experience of enjoying going for a walk in a park, or a tree filled setting. What we know now from lots and lots of research is that exposing yourself to green spaces doesn’t just kind of like feel good. The benefits are much deeper than that when it comes to dealing with chatter. Going for a walk in a green setting can help you manage your chatter, and it can do so in two ways. One thing it does is it helps restore your attention. So when you’re experiencing chatter, all of your attention is devoted to the problem you’re worried or ruminating about. That’s why when you try to read a book, or watch a movie, when you’re dealing with chatter, you often don’t remember anything you’ve read or seen because your mind somewhere else. what nature does is it surrounds us with really interesting things that gently draw our attention away from our chatter onto so you’re going for a walk, you check it out the leaves and in the bushes, and they are not carefully scrutinizing the geometrical structure of the hedges, right, just kind of taking it in. And what that does for you is it gives you the opportunity for your attention to restore. So by the end of the walk, you have more attention to work with your chatter. Now that’s one way it can help. The other way nature can help is by providing us with opportunities to experience the emotion of all which is an emotion we experience when we’re in the presence of something that is much bigger than us that’s vast and indescribable. And nature is filled with awe inspiring. Triggers like a great view or a tree that’s been there for hundreds of years. You can also experience all from other other things in the world, like looking at a skyscraper or if it’s me, if I’m contemplating how we can get an airplanes and fly safely like that, those move, I still don’t quite understand how that all works. And what we know happens when you experience all is it leads to what we call shrinking of the self. So you feel smaller when you’re contemplating something vast and indescribable. And when you feel smaller, so does your chatter. So that’s another way of broadening our perspective. So those are some environmental tools. The other one that I would slip in really quick because it’s so easy to use, and many people find it useful is organizing and cleaning. When we are experiencing chatter, we often feel like we don’t have control over our thoughts and feelings. Our mind is racing, we can’t bring it all under our control. And what you can do in that instance is you could compensate for that feeling by exerting control around you by tightening up by organizing, and many people find that to be a really helpful tool as well. Before I knew about this work, I would reflexively clean and put things away when I experience chatter, which is interesting for me because I’m not an overly organized kind of guy. I’m someone who was groomed was always messy. Same thing is true in my adult life. There’s a trail of clothing usually from the shower to my office downstairs, but when I’m experiencing chatter, everything is always neat and tidy. And so that’s another way of tuning your mind from the outside in

Eric Zimmer  49:57

that fundamental like recognizing What we can and can’t control and you sort of pointed to that earlier that things that are out of control, fuel chatter. So if we can find something we can control and put some energy into. I do think it just it’s soothing. Totally. And the science bears that out. Ethan, thank you so much for coming on the show. I absolutely love the book. I’ve loved this conversation. You and I are going to talk a little bit more in the post show conversation about a couple other tools. Listeners if you’d like to get access to that and other great benefits of being a member go to one you feed dotnet slash join. Thanks again, Ethan. Really, really been fun.

Ethan Kross  50:35

Thanks so much for having the Eric who was truly fun and stimulating conversation.

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