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Featured

Why You Should Say the Thing You’re Afraid to Say | Leslie John

August 21, 2026 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Leslie John explores why you should say the thing you’re afraid to say and how opening up can strengthen trust, deepen relationships, and improve our well-being. She explains why we’re often biased toward keeping things to ourselves, the hidden costs of holding back, and how to decide when sharing is worth the risk. Leslie also shares practical ways to become more aware of what we’re not saying, navigate difficult conversations, and reveal more of ourselves without crossing the line into sharing something we might regret.

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Key Takeaways:

  • Why we often default to holding back without realizing it
  • How opening up can build trust and deepen connection
  • The hidden emotional and mental costs of keeping things to yourself
  • Why we tend to overestimate the risks of saying what we really think or feel
  • How to weigh the risks and benefits of speaking up versus staying silent
  • Why understanding your “why” can help you decide what to share and with whom
  • How putting difficult thoughts and feelings into words can make them more manageable
  • Why validation can make difficult conversations more productive
  • How sharing feelings instead of arguing over facts can reduce conflict
  • Why revealing wisely is a skill you can strengthen with practice

Leslie K. John is an award-winning Harvard Business School Professor, behavioral scientist, and sought-after speaker and consultant. She is the author of Revealing: The Underrated Power of Oversharing. Prof. Leslie John’s insightful research appears in top academic journals and media including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Economist. Her new book – Revealing: The Underrated Power of Oversharing – is a groundbreaking book about the hidden power of opening up by a celebrated Harvard professor. Packed with bold insights and unforgettable stories, Revealing shows how revealing wisely can deepen friendships, supercharge careers, and transform how we connect, love, and lead.

Connect with Leslie John: Website | Instagram | LinkedIn | YouTube

If you enjoyed this conversation with Leslie John, check out these other episodes:

How We Can Improve Communication in Polarized Times with Charles Duhigg

Oren Jay Sofer on Mindful Communication

How to Unlock the Power of Deeper Connections with David Brooks

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Episode Transcript:

Leslie John 00:00:00  Getting negative feedback is really important to him, but it is really hard and I think we can only take a pretty small dose at one time in fact. Studies and practice has shown that you need to have like a very high ratio of positive feedback to negative feedback in order for people to even hear the negative feedback.

Chris Forbes 00:00:24  Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self-pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:09  Leslie John kept a running list of the things she thought about but didn’t say out loud. Small stuff, mostly the gray hair she spotted in the mirror but didn’t mention to her husband, the memory she had of a friend who she never called to say hello to, the nerves about a presentation that she hid behind, I’m great. Four of these chances to share what was going on with her before lunch. Leslie is a Harvard Business School professor who studies disclosure, and the lists taught her how often she was holding back without realizing it. Most of us are. Her new book is called Revealing the Hidden Power of Oversharing. I’m Eric Zimmer, and this is the one you feed. Hi, Leslie, welcome to the show.

Leslie John 00:01:55  Hi. Thanks so much for having me.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:57  I’m really excited to have you on. We’re going to be discussing your book, which is called Revealing the Underrated Power of Oversharing. But before we get into that, we’ll start in the way that we always do, which is with the parable. And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life there are two roles inside of us that are always at battle.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:18  One is a good role which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the heart stops. They think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

Leslie John 00:02:46  Well, I think that the one we feed is often the one we unwittingly feed. But part of the point of the parable is, of course, becoming more aware of how what you feed is what you become. And this is such an important parable for the question of how much to share, whether to say the thing or not. Because the more I’ve learned about revealing about opening up versus keeping things, mom, the more I’ve come to appreciate that. The bad wolf I mean, I’m being overly simple, but is this invisible bad habit we have of under sharing the invisible bad habit we have of concealment? And the wolf that we want to feed more is the wolf that you said.

Leslie John 00:03:33  It is more courageous and has the courage to really open up and share more and say the thing. And I’m saying this with being very cognizant that there are very real risks to opening up, and there are often things that we should not say to a certain person in a certain place. But the more research I’ve done and the more lived experience I’ve had with this question I’m constantly thinking about to share or not to share. The more I’ve come to appreciate that the real problem is not over sharing, it’s actually under sharing, and that so often we treat oversharing as if it’s the greatest social sin. But under sharing, I think is a far deeper problem because it costs us missed opportunities in life like missed. Now I’m rambling on. But under sharing I think is a much bigger problem.

Eric Zimmer 00:04:23  So the popular take on this has been Brené Brown’s work around vulnerability. In what ways are you amplifying that, and in what ways is what you’re talking about different?

Leslie John 00:04:35  That’s a great question. I mean, I’m amplifying it in the kind of top line number as a B-School prop, the general thesis that there’s so much upside to being vulnerable, doing something that we’re often scared to do.

Leslie John 00:04:51  I think the way I approach it, I’m a huge decision making nerd. I come from a long line of indecisive people, and so as someone who studies the wisdom and error of our decisions, what I’ve discovered is that these decisions of what to share and what to not share were systematically biased in making them. We’re systematically biased against opening up. We’re biased towards concealment, and that’s not always good for us. So I view this as fundamentally a decision making problem. And fortunately it’s also a skill and we can get better at making this decision.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:28  I really love that part of your framework, which is recognizing that there are a lot of disclosure moments, and we’ll do that later in the interview, because you do such a great job of doing that. But you make a very clear point that, like, this is a decision, you know, when should we when shouldn’t we? There’s no blanket rule here.

Leslie John 00:05:49  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:50  And that every situation is going to be different. And often these decisions are slightly challenging.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:57  And that’s what I love about the book, is there’s just so much nuance in it.

Leslie John 00:06:02  Thank you. And, you know, I think you’re also keying in on something super important, which is that just the idea that it is a decision is kind of an insight in and of itself, because so often we go through our daily lives without actually appreciating just how many disclosure decisions were implicitly making. I think a fundamental issue with opening up or not opening up is the fact that we don’t appreciate just how often we default to silence. So, like what I started doing in my own life so that I could become more cognizant of how often I was defaulting to silence, is I started doing these disclosure audits. I know that’s like the least sexiest name ever. We need we need some more branding for it. But basically I would write down I have like little notepads on my phone. I have pieces of paper all over my house where I write down the things I set, and then also the things I thought and could have said but did not say.

Leslie John 00:07:00  So a quick example. Imagine like you wake up in the morning, you’re standing next to your spouse in front of a mirror. And you know, I say to my spouse, oh geez, I slept really badly. I’m brushing my teeth. Okay, so I’m actually going to do a tally right now. That’s what I say. But then I look in the mirror and I’m like, geez, I feel older than I thought I would at this with this age. And it’s another gray hair, you know, I think these things, but I don’t say them. They just crossed my mind. And maybe later on in the day you’re driving into work and you think of a bestie, a bestie, a nice little memory of something that reminds you of your bestie, and you don’t say it to them. You don’t reach out to them. You just think about it. Then you get to work. And your colleague that you’re really close with said, how are you doing? And you say, oh, I’m great, but I have a big presentation.

Leslie John 00:07:46  What you don’t say, though, is you’re feeling really anxious about it. And can we just run the first few lines? Right. Like, I’m not even, like really at lunch yet. And I’ve got four in the onset and two in the said. Right. And so the point isn’t take all of the unsaid and say it. Not at all. You don’t want that. I don’t want that. We often withhold for good reason. Right? Like you get to work your assistant as how you are. You say I’m fine, like you don’t want to unload on them inappropriately. So there’s very good reasons to withhold. But my point is that this exercise taught me just how often I’m holding back. I didn’t realize it, like I’d have these thoughts about my body when I’m brushing the teeth in front of the mirror and I’m like, the thought of revealing them didn’t occur to me. And so now that I’m more aware of it, I’ve started to do it more. And doing is believing because then you got to do it.

Leslie John 00:08:38  It’s revealing is the kind of thing that’s really can be hard in the short run. So you have to keep doing it to experience the benefit.

Eric Zimmer 00:08:45  Yeah. My history with this is a little bit of an odd one, because at 25, I was a homeless heroin addict and I went into recovery and I went all the way in, and then I went kind of back into the workforce. And I was so revealing about that fact because I couldn’t not be more.

Leslie John 00:09:03  Because it was you. It was your identity.

Eric Zimmer 00:09:05  It was my identity. But it was also like, well, why do you have this big gap in your resume? And why do you think it’s just the sort of stuff that makes it hard? And so I was like, I can’t dodge all this. I guess I’ll just be honest. And I just learned over the years, particularly in a career sense, the benefits of being leaning more on the disclosure side. I mitigated it over time. I think in the beginning, if you knew me for five minutes, I’d be like, I’m a heroin addict.

Eric Zimmer 00:09:35  No. Yeah. As I went on, I was like, I toned it down. But I just always noticed that me being a little bit more revealing than the average people around me made me good at my job.

Leslie John 00:09:47  That’s amazing.

Eric Zimmer 00:09:48  It made people trust me more. Yeah. So how was it doing it? Manipulative. I was doing it because that’s kind of who I was. It wasn’t lost on me. The benefits that it was having. And your book does a really good job of laying out a lot of the different benefits of learning to be a little bit more disclosing a little bit more revealing. So before we get into more of the how, yeah, let’s talk about what are some of those benefits, both the costs and benefits of withholding or keeping a lot of things to ourselves?

Leslie John 00:10:20  Yeah. So withholding can take a toll on us. It’s kind of sneaky. It sneaks up on us. So when we withhold, like if we have a secret, something that’s really on our minds or something that’s really part of identity and we feel like we have to suppress it.

Leslie John 00:10:35  That is very cognitively depleting. Nerdy word for it makes it hard for us to think. Right. And there have been studies, actually, that have had people keep a secret and then measured their IQ, and it lowers your IQ temporarily to hold a secret. So it really is consuming. So you’re not going to perform as well. It’s not opening up isn’t just removing bad symptoms. Right. There’s so many rich rewards to being a bit more open a lot of the time. The number one, as you said, is it increases people’s trust in you. Because when you say something sensitive, you’re showing the person that you trust them, right? Because you’re relinquishing control to the universe and you’re taking a social risk. And that’s implicitly communicating to the recipient that I trust you, because I wouldn’t be revealing this if I didn’t trust you. Right? So it shows that you trust them. And in turn, when we all know when we’re on the receiving end of that, it feels warm and fuzzy and we trust them.

Leslie John 00:11:32  That mutual trust is the fundamental benefit of opening up when we do it interpersonally, because that is the spark of human connection, right? It’s the spark of friendships, of college ships, of romances. And so that’s really kind of the core thing, but expanding outward, you know, and we’ve done many studies on all kinds of different benefits. It does help you build friendship. It is a key source of intimacy. It even in leaders, it can make you much more influential at work by sharing some of your weaknesses to your employees. Some of the things you’re working on, they actually they trust you more, they work harder. You get better feedback. That one really surprised me for sure. We’re going to talk about the edge cases and the downsides, because it is a risky thing to do as well.

Eric Zimmer 00:12:15  You tell a story in the book about a company, a credit card company you worked with. Tell me about that.

Leslie John 00:12:20  Yeah. So this is with my dear colleague and friend, Ryan Buell.

Leslie John 00:12:23  We worked with a very large bank, and what Ryan convinced them to do was to reveal the downsides of its credit cards on the credit card landing site. So if you wanted to sign up for a credit card, you know, you go online, you go to the bank’s website, you look at the different options. And what does this web page usually say? It’s like standard marketing copy. This is amazing. Like lo Rey, lo fi, all these things and the downsides, whatever the negative things about the card is, whether it’s, you know, if it’s a high fee or whatnot is in the T’s and C’s, right? And so what he convinced them to do was make it super salient. So when they showed the downsides in a really salient way alongside the benefits. So hey, this credit card has a low fee entry fee. But keep in mind that the interest rate is really high, right? So something that you would think you’d never reveal, right. As a B-School prop, I’d be like, what? Like is this anti marketing? And when they did this though it increased customer retention.

Leslie John 00:13:23  It didn’t scare people away. In fact it made them stay longer. And it’s because one they trust the company more. And when you think about it and when you feel like they’re being honest, they’re telling you something that they usually hide that enhances trust. But it also helps you make a more informed decision, right? Like, if you know what the trade offs are, then you can choose a better card and then you stay longer. So I love that example because it’s like even when companies reveal there’s money to be made, right. Like that’s not of course, my primary goal, but I think it’s an important one and it’s pretty striking.

Eric Zimmer 00:13:56  Yeah, I learned that in a software sales role earlier in my career. I was more like the sales engineer. I was the guy that kind of came in and said, like, here’s how our systems would work together and here’s what it’ll do. And I always found that, like when I would say, but it won’t do this or I won’t do that, or that part’s gonna be tricky or they love it.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:17  Again, same thing. I went with my son to buy a car recently. Right. I go in there with my defenses up so high because I feel like all I’m going to get is hard sell. But once I recognize that’s not there in that way, and somebody being more honest, I’m able to settle a little bit and listen better.

Leslie John 00:14:36  So it’s striking to me that because to many executives, this does not come naturally. Like, wait, you want me to? When I introduce myself to my team, tell them that I’m working on time management or whatever. When you did software sales, it seemed to come naturally. Like how did you discover that?

Eric Zimmer 00:14:50  It may be because that was a time in my life where I was still relatively in my early phases of recovery. I mean, I’ve been in recovery for the better part of 30 years now. So but it was in the earlier phases where there was just a lot more day to day disclosure in my life. Right. I was going to 12 step meetings.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:09  Those are just a big disclosure party, right?

Leslie John 00:15:12  Right, right. Exactly.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:13  I mean, those are essentially just a disclosure party.

Leslie John 00:15:15  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:16  And so maybe it just was in the way I just sort of did things. Or maybe it’s something temperamental. I’m not sure. And I don’t mean to make it sound like I’m the perfect disclosure.

Leslie John 00:15:28  No, no.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:28  It’s because there are certain aspects with the disclosure, but in other aspects I did it, and I just sort of was like, Like, I see this being an effective strategy. And I think maybe it’s partially that I do want to be close to people that I’m working with.

Leslie John 00:15:47  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:48  Whether it’s a client that we’re trying to sign, whether it’s somebody on my team, I want relationships that feel genuine.

Leslie John 00:15:56  Totally. Yeah. And then in the sales context, it’s genuine and it’s credibility boosting because it’s like the salesperson who’s willing to tell me this downside, then they’re coming clean about it. They’re being honest. Right. And they’re trustworthy.

Eric Zimmer 00:16:29  You have in the book this idea that people will trust someone who makes a disclosure more than says they won’t answer that question. I think you do this with STDs. Tell me about that.

Leslie John 00:16:44  Roll up your sleeves, folks. So one of the things that I do in my job, because I study how people make decisions, is I put people in really awkward positions, and I force them to make a choice that they don’t want to make. And if I’ve set up the choice, well, ideally it illuminates something fundamental about human behavior. So in this study, what we did was we said, we’re going to ask you which of two people you’d rather date. Now suppose that at some point in the convo with each of them privately, you’d ask them whether they’d ever had any STDs or, yes, STIs now. But sounds more damning with STDs anyway. So have you asked them about their STD history? And the first person says, I had so many STDs like I can’t even. I’ve lost track.

Leslie John 00:17:29  I’ve discovered new ones. All the STDs, all the time. Basically. Like it can’t get worse. The other person says, I’m not answering your question. They just like, refuse to answer. So you have the revealer who says admits to unsavory things, and then the hider, the person who’s saying, I’m not doing this. Of course, this is like, you probably would like to opt out of this choice, but if you had to.

Eric Zimmer 00:17:53  Choose, you’re probably right. You’re gonna be like a swipe left or whatever the one is that says, like you.

Leslie John 00:17:59  My father would say, neither is a fine specimen.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:02  Exactly.

Leslie John 00:18:04  If you had to choose. Or do you want to just not choose? Listeners, do you have someone in mind? Which one? The revealer or the hide?

Eric Zimmer 00:18:11  I know I would choose the revealer.

Leslie John 00:18:13  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:13  Yeah, right. I would choose the revealer because a I just trust them more because they’re telling you the truth.

Leslie John 00:18:20  Because you’ve just. Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:21  And the person who’s not saying it, I just can imagine the worst, you know?

Leslie John 00:18:27  Yeah, exactly.

Leslie John 00:18:28  People prefer the revealer, the person that’s plainly admitting to really undesirable things relative to someone who doesn’t do this, which shocked me the first time. And then we repeated it in many different contexts. And what we realized, you know, in dating, employment, even like, who would you rather sit next to the subway? On subway beside. Again and again people choose the revealer. And we thought, why is this the case? And that’s when we discovered that trust is really the fundamental thing that the person who withholds, we don’t trust them. And I think the reason is because human connection relies on trust. And we know, you know as well as anyone that when we are deprived of connection, we suffer our mental and physical health suffer. So we really need this. It’s important for our functioning, for our survival. I don’t think I’m being too extreme here. And so when someone abstains from this activity of building trust by self, disclosing the way that humans build trust, we view them with contempt.

Leslie John 00:19:29  So we’d rather date someone. Hire someone. Sit next to the subway beside someone who says like bad, bad things relative to someone who’s like, I’m not doing this. Which is I think is pretty striking. There’s also been some interesting studies on neuroscientific evidence of what happens when you self disclose evidence suggesting that it is intrinsically rewarding, so to speak. So one of the studies, what they did was they got people to. They scanned their brains. They stuck them in fMRI machines. And half of the people they asked fun, personal trivia questions like, what’s your favorite ice cream flavor? So questions that let you self disclose the other half of people just got normal random trivia questions that didn’t let them self disclose. And what they found, as you might imagine at this point, is that the people who got to self disclose the pleasure centers of their brain were activated. So the same areas that are activated when we eat something delicious, when we have sex, when we do drugs. There are these primal reinforcing areas now, of course.

Leslie John 00:20:33  So nature has a way of making what’s good for us pleasurable in like I’m having waving my hands here in moderation and moderation. Right? But like so that was really striking the fact that self-disclosure is intrinsically pleasurable.

Eric Zimmer 00:20:46  It makes sense because I think that if we look at humans as a whole, our ability to cooperate has been our superpower. And you don’t cooperate generally with people you don’t trust completely.

Leslie John 00:20:59  Yeah. And the key thing with that trust is social risk, right? You have to take a risk to get trust. So it’s precisely because sharing is edgy. It’s precisely the sensitive stuff that is the most likely to increase trust. Just saying like I had a good day. There’s no risk to that. And so it’s that edgy, risky part that really enhances trust. Just like, you know, you see this in many ways in the animal kingdom. Like how puppies. Now I’m rolling my back like a puppy that they expose their bellies, right? They arch back. That’s a very vulnerable part.

Leslie John 00:21:31  And when they do that, they ingratiate themselves to other puppies, to humans, right. That takes risk. So it’s really our version of showing our bellies is revealing something sensitive.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:44  So let’s talk about what makes someone more of someone who shares more, discloses more, versus somebody who doesn’t. What do we know about what goes into that? Yeah, into the patterns that we have. I mean, I think that’s probably the word I would use, like the pattern of, you know, for sure or the pattern of not right.

Leslie John 00:22:06  That was a question that I’m still very fascinated by. And I have done research to answer it. Are there personalities that make people more disclosing or less disclosing? And going into it? I thought, well, maybe extroverts, right? They talk a lot. They are gregarious. We love being around them. They must be really revealing. And it turns out that being extroverted or introverted is not related to how comfortable we are opening. The personality trait that is related is a trait called agreeableness, which essentially is like plays well with others, right? Easier to get along with those kinds of people.

Leslie John 00:22:44  I’m a people pleasing Canadians, so it takes one to know one. It’s good and bad to be agreeable in the context of revealing. Why do they tend to be more comfortable opening up? It’s because people who are agreeable tend to be more trusting. Right? And again, as an agreeable person, I say this like it’s helpful to be trusting it. Also, sometimes it bites me.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:05  I’m the same. I’m the same.

Leslie John 00:23:06  Yeah, yeah. So that’s the personality trait. There are gender differences. Women are a little more comfortable revealing, but there’s a lot of complexity there. Right. Because there’s social norms and things that expect women and there’s a lot going on there. Oh, and the thing about extroversion too, so it’s that I learned. Extroversion is not related to comfort opening up. And it’s because when you think about extroverts are really outgoing. They’re really they have a lot of positive affect. They’re gregarious. Like decibels don’t equal death necessarily. Right. So it’s kind of a different thing.

Leslie John 00:23:38  But personality plays a pretty modest role in predicting. Right. This I view as largely a skill. And it’s largely something that we modulate situation by situation. It’s a skill of self and situational awareness, learning how to reveal wisely.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:53  Yeah. And I think like in my case, there’s certainly a reinforcement learning that I learned, I saw early on like, oh yeah, there are benefits of doing this right. Like this is useful. So I learned that like, oh, this is good to do. I mean, if my first several attempts to overshare had left me being shamed and all kinds of other things, I might very well have right become an under sharer, right? So I would imagine that how we’re responded to. Certainly has something to do with it.

Leslie John 00:24:24  Right. So when you were like going back into the workforce and you told your story. I mean, do you remember the first time you told it to a prospective employer? Like what happened? How did you feel? How did they react?

Eric Zimmer 00:24:37  Well, I mean, it was the thing that launched my entire career.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:40  So I was 25. I’d never done anything except work in a restaurant and commit felonies. That was my entire track record up until then. And one of the first internet companies was in Columbus, Ohio. It was called CompuServe. And someone told me about it, and I just was like, I just was like, I really wanted to do it. So I went and interviewed. And when they started asking me, like, do you have any experience doing this? You know, why are these big gaps in your resume? And I basically just said, look, I’ll tell you the truth. The truth is I’m a recovering I’m a recovering drug addict. I you know, it’s been a rough few years. I’m in recovery now though. I really want to do this job. I work really hard, like I just, I revealed. And then I sort of sold what I could sell about myself.

Leslie John 00:25:27  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:25:28  And I got that job. And so that was hugely, like.

Leslie John 00:25:32  Totally.

Eric Zimmer 00:25:32  Reinforcing.

Eric Zimmer 00:25:33  Yeah, for me it was very reinforcing because I never went to college, I never did any of that. And I had a very good career in the software business before I kind of came over and started doing that. And that all kind of came out of, I think that decision to reveal in that moment, because I don’t think otherwise. If I had just tried to hide everything that they would have hired me.

Leslie John 00:25:57  Yeah. And people can tell, like if it’s something that’s really core to you, it would have been hard for you to hide because it would have been like on your mind of like, oh, the thing, the thing, the thing and would have felt disingenuous or whatever.

Eric Zimmer 00:26:07  Yeah. And I’ll be making up stories like, why have you not had a job for nine months? Oh, it’s because I’ve been in treatment and in a halfway house. Otherwise I’m making things up. I spent time working with my brother. On what? I mean, I just would be. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:26:20  Then not telling the truth.

Leslie John 00:26:22  And it’s exhausting. Yeah, yeah, yeah, it’s interesting because I think, like, sometimes we do get burned when we open up and. Well, let me say, the first thing I wanted to say is that, okay, even if it did go badly, it went well. That’s wonderful. Yeah. But if suppose the boss showed you that he was not okay, I’m assuming it was male. He or she.

Eric Zimmer 00:26:47  Was not okay, actually.

Leslie John 00:26:48  Oh, great. Okay, so suppose she showed you that she was not okay with it. So at least you know, right? Even when you get burned, wouldn’t you rather know sooner that she’s not okay with. She doesn’t believe in you in the moment? That sucks for sure. But yeah, I think this is the broader pattern that makes learning to share more really hard or like a hostile learning environment, because we get burned and then we just freak out and we stop. We just stopped doing it.

Leslie John 00:27:18  Yeah. And so as I was writing the book, the book contains a lot of stories, some of my own embarrassing stories, and some others not just because I weirdly, my brand of oversharing is telling self-deprecating jokes, but it also was intentional because I realized I went back in these moments in my life where I thought I had over shared, and I woke up with this like, disclosure hangover of like, oh my God, what? Like, can I please roll back time? And I looked at those moments and I thought, wow, yeah, that sucked that moment. But even those quote over shares there was redemption in them. And if I had to do it again, I’d do it all over again. So we see them as black and white, but even when we overshare, would we feel like we crossed the line? Almost always, there’s something good. And for me, as I was reflecting and researching, the good is actually typically better than the momentary crappiness of the overshare. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:28:13  There’s a little intrinsic and extrinsic motivation here, right? Meaning that I felt good about the way I behaved in that situation. Yeah, right. And look, in recovery there’s a high premium put on honesty. Right. There’s a high premium put on honesty. So it was good for me to do it because it was good for me to do it right. The extrinsic, which would be what happened as a result of it, can be good or bad. I mean, not every time I’ve disclosed has it been positive. I’m certain it’s not right.

Leslie John 00:28:48  Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:28:48  But I do think that’s a thing in general, right? You just published a book. I published mine at the end of March, and there’s a certain amount of that’s like, well, I want it to really do well, and I’ve got these extrinsic things. But for me, I kept coming back to the intrinsic thing.

Leslie John 00:29:03  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:29:04  Which is that I wrote a book and I feel good about the book, and I feel like it’s valuable now how it goes on to do.

Eric Zimmer 00:29:11  After that, I can’t control. But I can control that. Like, I put everything I could into this thing, and I feel good about that.

Leslie John 00:29:18  I love that, I love that, yeah, it’s so true. And I think, like on the intrinsic piece, we know so much about how revealing is good intrinsically. Like in addition to the neuroscientific stuff on how it’s pleasurable, there’s also like our well-being, our mental and in turn, physical health. Because we know, of course, they’re deeply tied. We benefit from revealing. So if you have something that is on your mind constantly and you write it in a diary, you’re journaling the practice of journaling that just taking your thoughts, those things swirling around in your head, the thoughts and feelings and putting words onto them by the process of putting, like saying the thing out loud or writing it down. I know it sounds like, wait, what’s the difference? It’s still me. It’s still private, but it’s very different in terms of your brain.

Leslie John 00:30:06  Because when you put the thoughts and feelings into words, you activate the more logical part of your brain. It’s like you suddenly become the CEO of your thoughts and your feelings, and you have more control over them. And you can make sense of them, and they feel more certain, like everything is just so much more manageable. And so it’s such an important point that intrinsic number one, like writing the book, that’s a huge achievement. You wrote the book you wanted and that is the fundamental goal. We hope everybody reads it because they should. We hope everybody buys it. But saying with disclosure that like the intrinsic value of it is just so important.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:07  Oh. Hey, friend, before we dive back in, I want you to take a second and think about what you’ve been listening to. What’s one thing that really landed? And what’s one tiny action you could take today to live it out? Those little moments of reflection. That’s exactly why I started good wolf reminders. Short, free text messages that land in your phone once or twice a week.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:34  Nearly 5000 people already get them and say the quick bursts of insight help them shift out of autopilot and stay intentional in their lives. If that sounds like your kind of thing, head to one Eufy net SMS and sign up. It’s free. No spam, and easy to opt out of any time. Again, that’s one you feed. Net. Tiny nudges, real change. All right, back to the show. You were just talking about putting words to kind of what we’re feeling, and you might be inclined to think that the STD story is the most upsetting experiment in the book, but it is not because the most upsetting experiment in the book, at least for me, is the one that Lieberman does with tarantulas.

Leslie John 00:32:22  No, I know. Jeez.

Eric Zimmer 00:32:24  Yeah, I kind of really want to be part of that study because I’ve been thinking maybe I need to do exposure therapy for my spider fears, but share that one with this. Also, because it gets to this point about putting words to something.

Leslie John 00:32:35  Yeah. So basically they brought this like giant tarantula into the lab. I know we’re just sick. Yeah, yeah. There’s something wrong with a psychologist. No. In the name of science.

Eric Zimmer 00:32:47  Exactly.

Leslie John 00:32:48  They brought this giant tarantula into the lab. And, of course, people were scared of it. And half of the people they said, like, try to calm yourself down. Do whatever you can. The other half of people, they’re like, just put your feelings into words. How you feel about this, right? Like, I’m scared. I’m terrified. Ooh! It’s Harry. Ooh! Is it gonna eat me? Whatever it is. But that’s what I love about this. You don’t have to try to feel better. You just have to put it into words. It’s very executable, right? Very doable. And then they, of course, brought them back a few days later, and they showed them the tarantula again. And the people who had used their words and put their thoughts and feelings into words, they were less physiologically stressed the second time around.

Leslie John 00:33:30  So literally it calmed them, putting their feelings into words.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:34  Yeah, right. And this is tying to the benefits of yes sharing. Yeah, with others. Because if that benefit comes that way from just writing in a journal or just writing down a couple of words, there’s the benefit of doing it to others. Right.

Leslie John 00:33:50  So and then when you tell others, like a trusted confidant, if you tell them that, it’s an even stronger effect. Exactly to your point, the private one works and works even better if you have the right confidant. Yeah, yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:03  All right. So we’ve kind of covered. Why. To do it some of the basics here I’d like to get into how a little bit, but I want to go back to this idea of disclosure decisions, because you did a great example of sharing that. Like even before noon, there are a number of opportunities to disclose what we’re thinking, what we’re feeling. It seems to me that the first thing and what I liked about that is it starts to bring some degree of awareness to that.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:36  If you asked me like, did you not disclose anything important this morning, I’d be like, well, no, of course. I mean.

Leslie John 00:34:41  Right, we do it so naturally we don’t even think we’re censoring.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:44  Yeah, but of course I have thoughts and feelings all morning.

Leslie John 00:34:48  Yeah. And so it’s not about saying all the things of course, but now you’re like, oh, there’s a possibility. And then we can interrogate very strong word. Very, but we can interrogate whether we should share Now that we’re aware, we can think, oh, should I say it? Should I not say it? We’ve studied that further. How do people, when they’re aware that they have a decision, what we call a disclosure dilemma, do you tell your spouse about that old fling? Do you tell your kids about your old ways? Do you tell your boss that you feel really anxious or that you deserve a raise? Right. These are real dilemmas. It’s really hard to know whether to reveal or not.

Leslie John 00:35:25  And what we found is when people consider these decisions, the number one thing they think about are the risks of revealing. So, okay, you’re not given credit at work. Someone missed giving you credit. If we say, well, should you say something? People say, oh no, they’ll think I’m petty. It will ruin the relationship. All these negatives and those are totally valid. There are very real risks to revealing. But the problem is we stop there. We’re like an anything else, they’re like, nope. So we don’t think then of the risks of holding back. So when we then ask people, okay, those are fair, those are risks of revealing. But what if you don’t say anything and then they’re like, oh, I never thought of it like that. I might ruminate. And when I ruminate, sometimes if you don’t say the thing, passive aggression, your negativity can leak out in other ways. Maybe that will be bad for your relationship with your colleagues. So you start to see that there’s also downsides to not opening up.

Leslie John 00:36:22  And then you start thinking, oh, maybe there’s actually real risk, real benefit. Maybe there’s actually real benefits to opening up. Like if I found the way of talking to my colleague about it. And we know there’s lots of ways of saying hard things, there’s books written on that. If we figure out how to do it right, maybe they’ll trust me more. Maybe they’ll respect me. I certainly will respect myself. I’m modeling self-respect and that ideas matter and credit matters. So then you start thinking there’s maybe actually benefits from saying something hard. And, you know, there’s also benefits to not saying something. Maybe you’re like, well, this is just not the right day for me to have a difficult. And that’s totally fair. But my point is that when we make these decisions, we zoom in on the risks of revealing, and we neglect the other considerations, which are the risks of not revealing the benefits of revealing and the benefits of not revealing. So there’s risks and benefits of revealing and of holding back.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:24  Yeah, that’s a really good point. On a completely tangential note, though, I did an interview earlier today that I found fascinating, and she’s a scientist at the University of British Columbia. One of the studies that she.

Leslie John 00:37:37  What is her name?

Eric Zimmer 00:37:38  Elizabeth Dunn.

Leslie John 00:37:39  I love Liz Dunn. Oh. She’s amazing.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:42  Well, her lab did a recent study about whether AI can help with difficult conversations.

Leslie John 00:37:48  Cool. Very cool.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:50  And the idea was that indeed it can. Because you get to practice, you get to strategize, you get to say, like, what are the things they might say back that it was useful in that way.

Leslie John 00:38:00  I use it all the time, like I talk to my GP and I do that, I practice. It’s so helpful, if only till I give you confidence, right? I love it.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:09  Yeah. Yeah. So let’s talk a little bit about these disclosure decisions. So you talk about two things to do. Which one is to ask why. Yeah right I’m on a disclosure decision.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:24  So it sounds like one thing I want to do is think about the risks and the benefits, both of saying it and not saying it. Right. Instead of just focusing on the benefit or the risk of what could go wrong.

Leslie John 00:38:38  Right. Right, right. And so here I’ll give you an example of why the why is important by like a mistake that I made. So when you ask why might I reveal this? What’s my goal? It’s kind of a deceptively simple question in that it requires a level of self-understanding and self-awareness of why we’re doing the things we do. So I had a moment where I was not doing best practices. I was had written the book, yet I was early pregnant, and I was so excited about it. And, you know, I just really wanted to share the news. And I blurted it out to our landlord. And then a series of events that I won’t bore you with happened. Where basically, after I had said that, she basically kind of kicked us out, she decided to put the house on the market.

Leslie John 00:39:26  I think she didn’t want babies. And because there was lead painting. So there’s a whole rigamarole in Massachusetts. Anyways, I digress. I should just say that I blurted it out that I was pregnant and a series of events occurred, a chain reaction that basically forced us to move out. So I should not have said that. And looking back at that, what’s my why? My why was I wanted someone to be excited for me. I wanted to share happiness. I wanted to have laughter, have wonderful hugs and like, just be excited together and have someone share that with me. Okay, if I had realized that in the moment, is the landlord the right person to do this? No, it’s call my bestie my bestie. Like whether the pregnancy works out or not, I’m gonna tell her. And so that’s why the why is important because it’s like directs your questions of the risks and rewards. Like it helps you hone in on those. It helps you hone on is this the right situation? Is this the right person? And oftentimes we kind of forget, myself included.

Leslie John 00:40:26  We forget the why. And then we can make mistakes like I did in blurting out I’m pregnant.

Eric Zimmer 00:40:31  Yeah, I said that I’m not. Early parts of the conversation would have made it seem like I am a super disclosure, and I am pretty good at disclosing what’s going on with me, or how I’m feeling, or different things. I’m really bad at any sort of disclosure that might make the other person uncomfortable, unhappy, Etc.. That’s where I run up against the challenge. Interesting. So I think the why is a good question there. And also, I think the exercise you just walked through of like thinking through, it’s very easy for me to think of all the ways that not saying something would be the right thing to do.

Leslie John 00:41:07  Yeah, yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:09  It’s spending more time on okay, what are the benefits that could come at some point in the book? You talk about that, figuring out how to do this as a matter of inner awareness and situational awareness. Right. Yeah. Which is I’m taking into account me and what’s going on.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:25  And I’m kind of taking into account the situation. The room.

Leslie John 00:41:29  Yes.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:30  And I think I do a lot of situational awareness in those things that may be overdoing it.

Leslie John 00:41:39  Oh. Say more.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:40  I get intensely practical when I think about bringing something up. So again, I don’t have a very difficult time. Like if I was having a difficult day and you and I knew each other, I probably wouldn’t have a difficult time saying it. That’s pretty easy. But if you and I had a potential conflict.

Leslie John 00:41:56  Yes. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:57  The way that I talk myself out of them often is to go. Will it do any good?

Leslie John 00:42:04  Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:42:05  So, like a classic example would be somebody that I’m close with and we have a disagreement around politics. Yeah, I often will just not say anything because I’m like, what is the point? Yeah, right. And I’m not saying that’s the right or the wrong Reid I actually don’t know. And I think that’s like everybody has to answer that for themselves. Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:42:23  But that’s one that I often get hung up on is like, is it really going to make any difference? Is it going to do any good? You know, I think that’s where I get stuck.

Leslie John 00:42:32  And I think there comes down to the goal too. Like with politics, is your goal to change the person’s mind? Is that a reasonable goal? Right. So being realistic and knowing what the goal is. But I think there’s also another important thing which might be your agreeableness, because I suffer from the same thing, maybe, which is it’s hard. I struggle to say things when I feel like it’s going to be a have a conflict, right? Like I’m conflict avoidant, right? And then just because we think that there’s going to be a conflict, I have started to learn because I’m trying to get better at this. That’s not in and of itself a reason. It can be a reason like, but sometimes as of course, you know, conflict is really helpful. Like the example of like the credit not getting credit at work.

Leslie John 00:43:17  Something like that had happened to me, which I write about in the book. But like the old me was like, I wouldn’t even consider saying something. And part of that is because I am conflict avoidant. And then when I was realized, oh wow, there’s a way I can say it. And this is a skill. And if I say it and then no conflict arose. And then like we actually became closer, like so part of this is like a little bit of CBT, right? Cognitive behavioral therapy where like you got to actually do it to disprove your false beliefs. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:43:44  And I think there are Situations where, like there’s an ongoing area of dispute in a relationship. Yeah, totally. And one person’s over here and one person’s over here. And previous conversations haven’t done much to bridge that one way or the other. And so then the question for me often becomes, what’s the point in again?

Leslie John 00:44:08  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:08  But the thing that I’ve realized the cost that I’ve realized is that, yeah, a lot of my mental energy is there, and I’m not being honest about that.

Leslie John 00:44:18  Totally.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:19  Right. So I don’t feel like I’m being as authentic in that situation, because I feel like talking about it isn’t going to do, quote unquote, any good. And now, as I’m talking out loud, I think I’m back to the why question. Exactly why if I’m saying something is not because I want you because I’m going to I don’t want to relitigate this and talk about how I want you to change.

Leslie John 00:44:43  Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:44  My why is just that. This is on my mind often, and I just feel like I need to sort of. Yeah, let you know where I’m at. Yeah. Often.

Leslie John 00:44:53  Yeah, totally. And even like I have found like vocalizing my why is helpful too in my relationships. Like what I kind of tend to default to when my husband shares something is like hyper to your. I think we’re similar in some ways, hyper practicality and like, how can I help? Like, who should I go? Like, what should we what should we do? And I’ve come to relieve that actually with my husband.

Leslie John 00:45:14  What I think with humans in general, actually there’s research on this that less is often more, that the number one thing you can do is validate feelings. Like it makes sense that you feel that way. I would feel the same way too. Like it calms us down. I’m thinking of Ethan Cross’s work, right? It calms us down when someone validates. And so that’s extraordinarily helpful. But I also think I’ve found in my own relationships that when sharing some of the tough stuff, this stuff that I would worry about conflict, sharing difficult feelings, or that I’m disappointed, or that my spouse is disappointed with me in some way. It’s hard, but then it’s also a tremendous opportunity because you really know them. Then you really learn that.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:55  Like, I know.

Leslie John 00:45:55  When I put the toilet paper on and it goes underneath as opposed to over top, hypothetically speaking, that really agitates my husband. I didn’t even know the difference, and he had been holding this in for like years. And that’s valid.

Leslie John 00:46:11  Like that’s how he feels. Feelings are always valid in my book. And so now like I love him more for it. Right. It’s like knowing these idiosyncrasies is really a cornerstone of intimacy.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:23  Yeah. Interestingly, talking about Ethan Cross’s work, what I love about his work is he actually doesn’t end there, though. He goes, yeah, the most supportive relationships are where it starts with validation.

Leslie John 00:46:36  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:36  But then feedback is also part of Right. That relationship, I think that idea that like people only want to be heard. We sometimes get a little over on that because most people don’t do it.

Leslie John 00:46:49  Don’t do it enough.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:50  Exactly. But obviously if you don’t start with that step.

Leslie John 00:46:54  Yeah. You can’t.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:55  The rest of it can be useful. Right. At all.

Leslie John 00:46:58  You need to calm the lizard brain first.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:01  Yeah, 100%. I mean, like, one of the things that’s really valuable about, like, a AA sponsor is they will tell you the truth about what they see.

Leslie John 00:47:09  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:09  Yeah. But in my experience, and different people are different. Some people are just so brutally straightforward with that. I would feel like you’re not listening to me. You’re not hearing me. You’re not relating to me as a human. So I don’t want to listen now to your advice. But on the other hand, what I wouldn’t want out of a sponsor is somebody just to be like, oh, yeah, Eric, I totally understand. I can see why, you know, I want somebody to be like, that’s a dangerous thing to be doing, right? So that’s what I love about that work.

Leslie John 00:47:37  Totally. And I found, for what it’s worth, that I think people, myself included. Getting negative feedback is really important to him, but it is really hard and I think we can only take a pretty small dose at one time. In fact, studies and practice has shown that you need to have like a very high ratio of positive feedback to negative feedback in order for people to even hear the negative feedback.

Leslie John 00:48:01  Right. So lately I’ve been on somewhat of a praise campaign where I just compliment people, like with specific praise that I need. You know, I’m walking around the office. Academia is brutal. People are so stingy with compliments and I say, I love that experiment you ran. I love that paradigm. Well, chef’s kiss and people initially they’re like, what? What is going on? But I find that when I do need to give someone a piece of constructive feedback, we’ve established that safe base. They feel understood, they feel appreciated. Then it’s more useful to them. The other thing about praise, it’s made me happier. Not that I was unhappy, but you feed that wolf, right? You see the praise, you see the goodness. You become more observant of the positive things, makes you feel good. It makes the person feel good. And it enables you to have the tough conversations that really grow someone.

Eric Zimmer 00:48:51  Yeah, I’ve shared this before, but my partner Ginny was one of the things I noticed from her very early on in our relationship was she just naturally did that.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:01  Oh, we walk into a store and she’d just be like, I love your earrings or that looks I mean, yeah, just she just constantly does it. Yeah. And I think it’s just sort of natural to her at this point.

Leslie John 00:49:11  It becomes a habit. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:13  I just kind of watched as somebody who just doesn’t interact generally at all with people I don’t know.

Leslie John 00:49:20  That’s like my husband. And meanwhile I’m like, I love your dress. I’m glad. He’s like.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:23  Yeah, I mean, but she’s making friends.

Leslie John 00:49:25  Everywhere we.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:26  Go. Yeah. I mean, she’s.

Leslie John 00:49:27  Sincere, right? There we.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:28  Go.

Leslie John 00:49:29  Like sincere. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:30  Yeah. I just remember watching that being like, boy, this is wonderful to be around. And you know.

Leslie John 00:49:35  Like.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:36  I do try. I do try.

Leslie John 00:49:38  And what have we missed that you want to touch on still?

Eric Zimmer 00:49:43  Well, what do you think we’ve missed? That’s important.

Leslie John 00:49:45  Well, one of the things you know, in relationships, it feels like we’re rehashing the same thing, because implicitly, we’re, like, talking about facts and we’re talking about, like, who’s wrong and who’s right.

Leslie John 00:49:55  But as soon as we shift to how we’re feeling, like my husband, I feel this oriented when the toilet paper is underneath or I feel disorganized, right? Like if something is bothering you as a feeling, it’s actually much easier as a couple to have conflictual conversations. Because feelings, you can have two feelings at the same time. It’s not like a logical argument where there’s one right and one wrong, and if you’re going down that path, there’s no salvaging it. So if instead you try to focus on how do you feel when you do this or when I do this or whatever, I think it’s I found that it’s more lends to more productive conversations, which requires more revealing right to say how you feel requires again some insight into how you feel. And I had an experience with my own therapist where I was kvetching about something. I don’t even remember what it was, and he kept saying, how do you feel? How do you feel? Because I was saying how others felt, or like how what I thought.

Leslie John 00:50:48  And he was like, no, no, how do you feel? Until finally this was just a few years ago. I said, what does it feel like? And then he handed me this emotions wheel, which is a tool, as you know, I also have in my book, but it really the one I made for my book is actually even simpler than the one on the internet, because I needed that much remedial help. But you basically just start with mine. Is it a good or a bad feeling? Like I can do that and then, okay, if it’s a bad feeling, is it sadness or anger? Those are like the two fundamentally different. And then I’m done. So then it gives me suggestions. These are all different forms of sadness. It really is a tool to enhance emotional literacy. I learned that part of my issue with holding back was actually not knowing how I felt.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:33  As we wrap up. Take one thing from today and ask yourself, how will I practice this before the end of the day? For another gentle nudge, join Good Wolf Reminders text list.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:44  It’s a short message or two each week, packed with guest wisdom and a soft push towards action. Nearly 5000 listeners are already loving it. Sign up for free at once. You feed us. No noise, no spam, just steady encouragement to feed your good wolf. I loved that just feels good, feels bad. And yeah, I’m a longtime Zen practitioner, and in Buddhist psychology they talk about something called Vedanta, which is that almost instantaneous with any experience is a I like it, I don’t like it or it’s neutral. To me, that is almost the fundamental beginning. Yeah. And then we start being able to think, have thoughts and have feelings that are more than that. And I loved that about what you’re doing, because I think it’s just such a great thing for me just to notice, like experience happens, positive, negative, neutral, like even that for me oftentimes is illuminating.

Leslie John 00:52:47  Say just being aware of it, right? I think so often I just ignore but being more intentional.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:52  Yeah, yeah. And recognizing that it happens in almost any sort of stimulus that we encounter, it’s right there.

Leslie John 00:52:59  And it’s informative. It’s incredibly informative.

Eric Zimmer 00:53:02  Yes. So we are at the end of our time here, but I’m wondering if you could just leave us with a couple last words about this idea of the benefits of sharing more and how to do it.

Leslie John 00:53:16  Yeah, I love that. I would say one, I would make sure we continue to ask or start asking ourselves not just what are the risks of opening up, but what is the price I’m paying for staying mum, right? Not just the costs of opening up. The other thing, what I would encourage us to think about is revealing wisely is a skill. And like all skills to get better at it, we need to practice it. We need to try revealing a little bit more. A lot of the time, or just try revealing a little bit more. See what happens. And the goal here is you want to find that line.

Leslie John 00:53:51  You want to find that TMI point. Because at some point, if you never get to TMI, you’re not doing it enough. You’re like leaving money on the table. So try revealing a little bit more of your feelings, a little bit more, a little bit more, maybe. Then you see, oh, there’s a cringe. Okay, I’ve hit the line, but that’s cause for celebration on occasion because, you know, you’ve stretched, you got to stretch to see where it is.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:16  Wonderful. Well, you and I are going to continue in the post-show conversation with an amazing story about you and your mom, an omission, a not sharing enough with you That was really a big deal. So listeners, if you’d like access to this amazing story, it really is a great one as well as ad free episodes. And you want to support us here at the one you feed. You can go to one you feed.net. Leslie, thank you so much. I really enjoyed the book. We’ll have links in the show notes to where people can find you and the book.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:49  Thank you.

Leslie John 00:54:50  Thank you so much.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:52  Thank you so much for listening to the show. If you found this conversation helpful, inspiring, or thought provoking, I’d love for you to share it with a friend. Share it from one person to another is the lifeblood of what we do. We don’t have a big budget, and I’m certainly not a celebrity, but we have something even better. And that’s you just hit the share button on your podcast app, or send a quick text with the episode link to someone who might enjoy it. Your support means the world, and together we can spread wisdom one episode at a time. Thank you for being part of the One You Feed community.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

Why a Life-Changing Sabbatical Might Be More Possible Than You Think | DJ DiDonna

August 18, 2026 Leave a Comment

LIFE CHANGING SABBATICAL
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In this episode, DJ DiDonna explores why a life-changing sabbatical might be more possible than you think. He explains why extended time away from our usual routines can offer something a vacation often can’t: the space to reconnect with who we are beyond work, gain perspective on what matters, and imagine what we want the next chapter of our lives to look like. DJ and Eric also discuss how planning years ahead can make a sabbatical feel more realistic, and how we can apply the same principles of stepping away and disrupting our routines even when taking months off isn’t possible.

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Key Takeaways:

  • Why even meaningful work can lead to burnout
  • What makes a sabbatical different from a vacation
  • How extended time off can bring clarity, creativity, and perspective
  • Why planning years ahead can make a sabbatical more possible
  • How stepping away helps you reconsider what you really want
  • Why experimenting with new interests can reshape your sense of identity
  • How sabbaticals can help you reconnect with life beyond work
  • Ways to create meaningful breaks when a full sabbatical isn’t possible

DJ DiDonna is a senior lecturer at Harvard Business School, where he teaches entrepreneurship. In 2019, he founded The Sabbatical Project to define, explore, and research sabbaticals. DiDonna has advised over a dozen organizations on the creation of sabbatical policies, including Zappos, Google, and DaVita, and from nonprofits to Fortune 500 companies, both in the United States and around the world. He attended Harvard Business School and cofounded an international credit-scoring company, EFL Global (the Entrepreneurial Finance Lab), based in Lima, Peru.

Connect with DJ DiDonna: Website | The Sabbatical Project | LinkedIn

If you enjoyed this conversation with DJ Didonna, check out these other episodes:

How to Integrate Behavior Change with Your Values with Spencer Greenberg

Crafting a Meaningful Life with Emily Esfahani Smith

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Episode Transcript:

Eric Zimmer 00:00:07  Welcome to the one you feed.  I almost didn’t have DJ to Donna on the show. He wrote a book about sabbaticals, and my first thought was that I can’t take one and neither can most of you. But in his research, people talk about their sabbatical alongside their wedding day, in the birth of their kids, these really big moments. And that’s not what I expected a sabbatical to do for anyone. Then DJ asked a question that got around. My objection not can you take a sabbatical this year? But what are you doing in 2031? A five year window instead of a six month one and the whole thing stops being impossible? His book is called Big Time Off. I’m Eric Zimmer and this is the one you feed. Hi DJ, welcome to the show.

DJ DiDonna 00:00:54  Great to be here.

Eric Zimmer 00:00:55  I’m excited to talk about your book, which is called Big Time Off The transformative power of sabbaticals and how to take one. But before we get into that, we’ll start like we always do with the parable.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:07  And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with her grandchild. And they say, in life there are two roles inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops and they think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

DJ DiDonna 00:01:45  I love that when I think about those two wolves, for me it was the urgent and the important. So it’s not quite, you know, a bad wolf or an evil wolf, but. Right. This like urgent tasks the day to day. Our line of sight is in weeks and months. Not like years and decades. And for me, I found myself seven years, eight years into running a startup.

DJ DiDonna 00:02:10  Just feeling like none of the really important stuff in my life had I done. I mean, I was really proud of my company. Loved the people. Loved the culture. Loved our impact. I’m talking things like the spiritual search, things like really investing heavily in relationships, both romantic and family. And so I think that Important Wolf was was winning. And that was kind of the thing that tipped me over into into sabbatical land, got this thing started.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:37  So I want to start with what you were talking about there, which is that there are going to be some people who are listening who go. My job is burning me out. I don’t like it. I really need a break. So there’s that category of people unhappy at work. But you’re addressing a whole nother category of people like you. People like me. Like I love the work that I do. I’m incredibly fortunate to be able to do what I do for a living. And as you say, even people in really meaningful roles can burn out.

Eric Zimmer 00:03:10  Talk to me about that.

DJ DiDonna 00:03:12  Well, I think that the term burnout in the history of it is around people that care a lot about their mission, right? It’s health care workers. And so in that world where you care about your mission, you care about what you’re doing, it’s so hard to put yourself first or whatever number on the priority list, because you think about who would you be letting down if you weren’t doing it? How come it wouldn’t be fair for you to take time off and other people couldn’t? And to me, I think it was about I felt as though I had created my dream job, which it sounds like you feel like as well. And to feel any sort of dissatisfaction with life, once you feel like you’ve created the exact thing that you would want to do. That’s a pretty destabilizing feeling, right? You get easy to cycle there from. If this doesn’t make me happy. Well it will. And so I think, like you have this the burnout crowd for whom they don’t feel like they can continue on.

DJ DiDonna 00:04:05  And I think in the middle is this group of what I call functional workaholics, where similar to functional alcoholism, you might be performing at seemingly a pretty high level to people on the outside, but your actual ability to perform the tasks, your health, your resources are going down and down. And I think that’s the way a lot of people feel, where they might not even feel like they need a break. But feeding that good wolf and getting into the stuff that they really want to do. Creativity outdoors family is when they realize like, oh my gosh, I was actually operating at not my peak. And even though I thought I was heading in the right direction. Turns out I needed to change course. And that’s the thing for me. When you have a dream job, when you have a life that you like, that’s working well for you, it’s hard to admit that over the course of our life, we grow and change. And how do you have a job and a life that is tacking towards the way that you want to become as opposed to just, you know, being in service to the inertia of where you’ve been? Even if that is a pretty fulfilling life, I think just at least giving a second chance to say, okay, can I zoom out and take a look at how things are, just to be sure that nothing else kind of tickles my fancy or spurs my creativity?

Eric Zimmer 00:05:20  Before we go on, I want to say to listeners my initial reaction to hearing this and my frankly, my initial hesitancy to have DJ on was, I can’t take a sabbatical.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:33  My listeners can’t take a sabbatical. And so I would just encourage you to kind of keep an open mind as we move along here, because it might be more possible than it seems. And I just kind of want to seed that into the conversation, because certainly was on my mind, is on my mind, etc.. First, let’s define what we mean by sabbatical, or what you mean by sabbatical, I should say.

DJ DiDonna 00:05:57  Yeah, it’s a slippery one. Which is why we had to come up with the definition. And to your point, you just made, I think this concept of if we feel permission or if we’ve heard the story, will we give ourselves the permission to do it is really important. So as we define sabbatical, as we talk about my experiences over the course of the episode, I would encourage people to think back to your parable. And so you’ve got your grandkid on your lap, and you’re describing the experiences in your life, the things you did, the things you didn’t get a chance to do.

DJ DiDonna 00:06:29  And so a sabbatical is a big, fancy term, but really it’s an open container. You’re creating space. You’re creating open space to to put into the story of your life things that you want to experience. It’s not about a productivity hack. It’s about like what memories can you create in your life and you have the ability to do so. So the reason why people use the word sabbatical, and I’m guilty of this when I took mine, is that it gives this kind of permission and a little bit of prestige to something that is not the normal story around life and work. I think we believe that you’re going to graduate from high school or college and just work kind of like straight through to retirement, and then you’re never going to work again and everything is going to go great. But so when you do step off that path, it can feel uncomfortable. It’s easier to say, I’m on sabbatical than I’m burnt out, or I’m going through a relationship crisis or whatever kind of is going on on the surface.

DJ DiDonna 00:07:26  So it lends us this permission and we get that from, you know, the root of the word Sabbath and Shabbat from the Old Testament, and then also from academia, where, you know, the first academic sabbatical policy was put into place late 19th century. And the purpose was to give health, rest and the pursuit of academics. So they were giving themselves permission to rest. Now, you know I think about it for non academics it’s extended leave from your routine job on purpose. So breaking that down extended ideally is counted in months, not weeks or days. Your routine job. So a lot of people want to do some sort of work that’s important to them on their sabbatical. And that’s okay. But you have to make sure that it doesn’t look like your existing work. So you’ve always wanted to write a book or, you know, become certified and scuba or yoga teacher, become fluent in a language. I remodeled my kitchen myself. You know, that doesn’t sound fun, but it was something that was important to me that I was choosing intrinsically, which makes it actually have like a healing and restorative effect.

DJ DiDonna 00:08:31  And then intentionality is key. It’s not that you choose to go on sabbatical necessarily, because most people have sabbatical foisted upon them by some health or relationship or job crisis, but rather that when you leave a job, you think about your next job is finding a job. What I’m asking folks to do is create space between leaving a job and starting the next one to actually do some reflection and experimentation. Otherwise, it’s kind of like grocery shopping while hungry, like you’re just kind of reaching for a job that was similar to the last one, networking from the people you know, as opposed to really taking up that pause to say, who am I? Who do I want to be next? What skills, talents, and interests do I have to bring to the world?

Eric Zimmer 00:09:15  I got to start with fellow drug addicts out there. You now have a new term for going to treatment. It’s called being on sabbatical. Kidding. There are people in my audience that will resonate with. I love that idea of extended time break from your routine job on purpose.

Eric Zimmer 00:09:35  So let’s talk about then what are the benefits of doing this? Because it’s certainly a big change. Now again, to your point, I think some of the sabbaticals, like you said, are foisted upon us. And I think being intentional, like all of a sudden there’s a space here. How do I want to use that space? But talk to me about like the benefit of saying, you know what, I’m not going to just immediately search for the next job or I’m not well. And so what I’m going to try and do is, you know, work part time to keep going. Like, what are the benefits of this break?

DJ DiDonna 00:10:14  So I spent a few years doing academic research on this, and I’ll tell you the outcome of that. But back to your point about addiction. And you know, this label that we face. I think addiction is a great way to think about the sabbatical. It’s you’re addicted to a way of life, and you can’t get rid of it in 15 minutes or a weekend, right? This is why you have longer term, as you know, recovery programs.

DJ DiDonna 00:10:39  So I do think it’s a good analogy. And though we often feel like work is something that’s giving us life, and work does give us meaning and life and energy and community. There’s a reason why it takes an extended amount of time to to break free from that and be able to picture a life for ourselves differently, not to minimize the difficulty of detoxing on active chemical. So what we found was, first of all, from an overarching perspective, the experiences, the lessons, the impact that it has on someone’s life is talked to in the same way as key moments in people’s lives. So we call it peak life experiences. So people describe the impact of their sabbatical, how it changed their perspective on par with the birth of their child, their wedding day. I can tell you, for me, I took my nine years ago. I can tell you exactly what I did and what impact those 3 to 4 months had nine years ago. I know what I was doing from March to June. I have no idea what I was doing from March to June. Three years ago. Many other.

Eric Zimmer 00:11:40  Years ago. Yep, yep.

DJ DiDonna 00:11:41  Yeah. So it creates this, like density of memories that will stick with you for your entire life. And you know, by virtue of it being an extended period of time, you’re getting healing like physical healing ailments like eczema, trigger finger, ulcers, all these things that that people’s doctors will say, like this is related to work stress. And people will say, I’ve powered through it before. I will just kind of grit through and power again. Those are alleviated. But then, you know, in the next steps of sabbaticals after kind of like detoxing is really experimenting, following your curiosities, doing archaeology on on who you were in the past. Like for me, it was picking up a musical instrument again, going outside. And those things are they’re kind of giving you perspective. People describe it as a near-death experience where you’re kind of like zooming up and being able to take that pause in your life and say, how have I been living? How am I living now? And how do I want to live in the future? So you get perspective on what’s important.

DJ DiDonna 00:12:42  On who you are. You also get creativity because you’re probably doing little projects, whether if they’re work like or, you know, for no purpose at all. Some of the research I talk about in the book is around identity play. So we think about identity work as like who you’re becoming. How that changes over time. You know, we’re in our adolescence into adulthood, but being able to like, play our way into new identities, fool around with different ways of being live in different places, things that really have no purpose other than like fun and interest. And then people come back with increased confidence because from a macro perspective, they’ve done something that feels pretty risky, that’s uncertain, unknowable on the other side. And they came back better than they were before. And they also probably tried some things that pushed them a little, like whether it’s a big kind of physical outing or something that just feels a little bit out of character for them. And so that allows them to come back and say, you know what, I have more clarity as to what I want, and I’m willing to push for it, whether it’s at work or, you know, setting boundaries around work at home, that kind of thing.

Eric Zimmer 00:13:50  So this idea of sabbatical is kind of very different than my book, which is over my shoulder there, which is the Art of Small Changes for a more Meaningful life. And you said earlier, you can’t 15 minute it away. And I want to later in the conversation, see if we can explore how we might apply the idea of sabbatical to people who can’t take a sabbatical, like there are people economically not possible. So I want to think about it from that lens. But before we do that, let’s talk about the difference between a sabbatical and a vacation. Before you and I came on, you asked me about a sabbatical, and what I said was I took a month off. It was actually about 37 days off and went to Europe, and 37 days off was unheard of in my life. Up until a couple of years before that, I’d never taken more than a week off since I was like 12 because I had a job in a restaurant. So it was unheard of for me to get that kind of space.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:50  But it was framed in a vacation lens, right? We were here, and then we were going there, and then we were going there, right? We moved around. So talk to me about, does that qualify as sabbatical or is that something different? How would you think of it?

DJ DiDonna 00:15:05  So every person who has ever taken a sabbatical has taken a vacation. And all of those people are saying there’s something different going on here. And and it’s something about the duration, which gives you an easier way to pivot the amount of time it takes. I don’t know how you felt at the end of that. How did you feel at the end of that?

Eric Zimmer 00:15:25  I felt great. Yeah, I felt.

DJ DiDonna 00:15:28  Were you ready to go back?

Eric Zimmer 00:15:29  I mean, anytime I come back from any time off, there is a little dread factor that kind of creeps in and I don’t really know what it is. It’s more, I think, a change state, like I’m in this state and I’m enjoying it. I’m going to go back to a different state.  And so there was a little of that and me not wanting it to end for sure. Yeah. And what I noticed on the other side was I was more energized, I was more creative, I was more myself again.

DJ DiDonna 00:15:56  Yeah. Did you feel like it was longer than you expected or shorter than you expected? I mean, it was way more than you’d ever take. How fast did it go?

Eric Zimmer 00:16:05  It felt about right. I mean, there were moments, of course, where it felt long. I’m like, oh my God, what am I going to do with myself? Yeah. And then there were moments, of course, where it’s like, where did three weeks go, you know? So I had both moments.

DJ DiDonna 00:16:17  Yeah. One difference I find is that in a vacation, you know, that the work is piling up and then it has to be done and you’re coming back to a big mound on your desk and a sabbatical, especially when you’re at a company. The company, just like parental leave, has to make a plan for the work to get done in your absence, you’re gone too long.

Whereas a vacation, I think there’s like a program running in the back of your head saying like, oh my God, like, I got this proposal to do, like what happened? Yeah. And so I think part of the difference between a sabbatical and a vacation is that programming is shut down. You just know that the only thing you need to do is be present and enjoy this time. And things are taken care of when you’re gone. And we can talk about the benefits to an organization of actually practicing that, of relieving people of their responsibilities, training other people. Right. Re incorporating you’re also gone long enough, you know, in the research what people said was it takes up to 6 or 8 weeks just to fully take that identity off, to feel like themselves again. You mentioned that you were writing while you were off, right?

Eric Zimmer 00:17:21  No, no, not that 36 different ways. I was off, off like I mean, no email, no nothing. My assistant knew, like, if the house is on fire, you text me.

Eric Zimmer 00:17:32  But in general it was do not disturb for that time.

DJ DiDonna 00:17:35  And that’s you know, that’s a European vacation like imagine. Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:17:39  So it was a dream. Yeah. I mean, I still feel like how could I how do I pull that off? Like, it just feels. It feels amazing.

DJ DiDonna 00:17:47  Yeah. And so I think that, you know, my experience there is that most people’s initial reaction to a sabbatical. And to be clear, it’s not available to most folks. Right. It is a privilege, either a financial privilege or a psychological privilege, where you work for a company that has a policy and then you don’t have to think about the consequences. Right. And that’s the world that we’re aiming towards. But most people think that just because they can’t take it now or in a year or next year, that it’s not possible for them. And one message I want to try to get out there is listen, what are you doing in 2031? Like make a plan. Set it up so that you’re taking two months off in the summer.

DJ DiDonna 00:18:27  Record extra podcast interviews. You know, for someone like you, which is going to be painful, but then you get that kind of space. Yeah. Let your employer know. Hey, in five years, I would like to take two months off so I can travel with my family. And just, like, parental leave, or just like when someone leaves the organization, the work gets done, it flows a different direction. But you have to kind of put that stake in the ground to say, this is important. I want to work towards it. Then you’re saving up 5% of your salary a year. If it takes five, seven, ten years, this is an experience and a memory that you will have for the rest of your life. Do what needs to be done accordingly.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:04  So that’s a really interesting and good point, because I did spend a fair amount of time figuring out how do I architect this thing that is my business in a way that it can do without me for big chunks of time? I haven’t cracked the code on more than a month yet, although I was.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:25  I spent three months in Europe a couple of years ago, and I still would like. In one week I would record a bunch of podcast episodes, and then I wouldn’t do any for a while. But the point is, it took a lot of planning and thinking and strategizing to get to the place that was possible and what I was saying earlier, like, I can’t figure out how I would get more time off with podcasts all of a sudden. If I frame it in three years from now, I’m like, okay, that’s a different window than in six months from now. I need to have enough episodes totally to keep the show running because that six months would be not miserable. I love what I’m doing, but it’s taxing to do five interviews in a week. As an example, I have done it. Yeah, it’s taxing, but if I go out over a larger time horizon, I think that yeah, that that sounds a lot more doable.

DJ DiDonna 00:20:19  I think the tension here is can you identify something that’s important enough to strive for? Right.

DJ DiDonna 00:20:26  By journaling, reflecting, taking like the eulogy. Perspective of what would you like your life to have been like? And then can you reframe it so that it’s something in the future you’re investing in, as opposed to some kind of like emergency pull that you have to do when something gets difficult? And in reality, two thirds of sabbaticals in my study are catalyzed by a profoundly negative event health crisis, relationship crisis, work crisis. So we just are not good as a species, I think. Planning ahead, changing. Being comfortable with uncertainty. And so we try to avoid it at all costs. And that just kind of runs us headlong into an emergency.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:05  Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. So two thirds just happened to us. But totally the point that you’re making is they can happen to us and we can respond a few different ways. And one way to respond is to say, okay, this is a moment that I could ideally step back for a little while and get some space so that when I reemerge from whatever this thing is, I know where I want to go.  It’s one of the things I noticed about your talk on sabbaticals was how often it gave people the ability to really see something that they couldn’t have seen before. And I think that’s really interesting. I make an analogy often about, like, if you’re standing at the edge of a forest and ten feet up, there’s a bend and you want to know what’s around it, you’ll never find it standing there. You just simply cannot see it. And I think a sabbatical, you are now at a vantage point you could never get otherwise, to allow you to see things in a way that you that we’re incapable of seeing right now. All of us.

DJ DiDonna 00:22:17  Yeah. I talk about in the book as wayfinding. There’s a, a coach who was a part of my research named Alice Chen, who talks about your career in your life as if you want to kind of get to one place. You have to have places to recalibrate, to re-navigate.. And, you know, the second piece is there’s this Aristotelian concept of Metis, which is knowledge that you can only get by experience.

DJ DiDonna 00:22:40  So a sailor, right? I mean, you can read a bunch of books on what it’s like to be at sea and tying knots and things like that. But you have to learn that kind of in an embodied way. So that’s why it’s tricky, because I want to make this available to everyone. And the goal of the movement and the book is to create enabling policies at our companies and among our government that would allow people to do that. But it really requires like experiencing it to see how impactful it can be, and then you can tell other people about it. Then it becomes a bit of a movement where people feel like it’s possible, but it requires changing the narrative around, what do we think is a successful life or a reasonable career? And right now taking, you know, six months off every ten years, even though that’s less than 5%, it just feels not doable.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:29  Right? And as we said, we’ll get to that in a minute. For some people, it is simply not doable financially.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:35  But again, if you plan out ten years, maybe that changes. All right. So let’s move into how to do a sabbatical. Assuming that we find our way we think it’s valuable. The first phase you talk about is planning. So what might someone in the planning stage be doing?

DJ DiDonna 00:23:57  If you don’t mind me creating another phase, which is pre-planning? I think a lot of listeners, if they’re thinking about this for the first time, I’m trying to get past this. Like gut reaction of this is not possible. This isn’t for me. Into just the pre-planning is creating a seed of an idea of going to a cafe for an hour. No phone, no company, just journaling about like, what is it that I would want to do in my life before I die. And having an honest reflection of are these possible given the current constraints? Have I made room for this? What makes me think I will make room for this? Am I kicking the can to retirement? Which is not a great bet.

DJ DiDonna 00:24:38  You know, like if the odds of both you and your partner make it to retirement and can fulfill all the physical and mental things you want is unfortunately low. And so once you have that and it’s planted as a seed of an idea, then it becomes something that is actually valuable enough to do the real planning for. Right. So for a lot of listeners, I expect they’re going to come away from this thinking, not for me, but I would like to walk the Camino de Santiago. And then a year later, they might say, that takes seven weeks. How am I going to do that in the new year? Where am I doing in 2035?

Eric Zimmer 00:25:10  It’s fascinating you bring that up because one of the best known models of change out there is called the stages of change model. And, you know, we always think that it’s action. You just think about something, you do it. That’s how things change. But the model is very clear that there’s like a pre contemplation stage where you are just beginning to possibly even think about it.  It’s in your mind, but very vague. And then ideally you move into what’s called a contemplation stage, which is what you’re describing. Where I start really actively thinking a little bit more about it and going, oh yeah, well, that would be beneficial. Or could I do this? Could I do that? And then after that comes planning which then leads to action. So change is a process through all these stages.

DJ DiDonna 00:25:56  I love that that reminds me of when I first started on this research. I’m not an academic, I’m an entrepreneur. And all of these things that I experienced around my sabbatical and everyone I spoke to, I was like, man, this is transformational. I feel like my identity is shifting and changing from being a person who’s defined by work to like a human again. And then of course, I talked to psychologists and sociologists and their like. We have names and studies for all of this stuff. It’s not a unique human experience that you had. And so I love that framework.

DJ DiDonna 00:26:27  So yeah, there’s this idea and actually making it tangible in your head. And then I think it’s about setting the preconditions for success. One of the main reasons sabbaticals get derailed is people haven’t set sufficient boundaries so that they’re disconnected. You know, ideally, if you can get geographically disconnected, that helps just because it really cuts off your routines and all of that kind of traps that you would get in. But at the very least, making sure that your work life is totally separate, right? Deactivate the apps. Have a person at work that is kind of fielding some of their requests, and there’s an actual break the glass moment to contact you. As you said, if there’s like an emergency emergency. And I think what you’ll find is that there usually aren’t

Eric Zimmer 00:27:10  There were none.

DJ DiDonna 00:27:10  And people, especially if it’s like a policy that’s available in your company and it feels like possible for them to take one. They want to honor this space for you and make it uninterrupted, right? So there’s this disconnection piece.  There’s duration. So trying to make sure that can you make an amount of time. Can you carve out an amount of time that is sufficient for this thing. Right. So is it a month. Is it two months? I like to say that like a kind of starter sabbatical would be, can you just take a summer off like you did when you were a kid? You have a family. It can align better with your schedule five years from now. Can you take a summer off? So making sure you have enough duration as much as possible, and then making sure that in that container of time you take off, you have some experiments that you’re running. So are you making sure to heal and detox at the beginning? Get out of your head and into your body. Do something physical. Do something tactile like pottery or a hike. Because we spend so much time in our heads that a lot of people want to swap that out for, like learning a foreign language or writing a book or something, which is great, but give your head a break a little bit and get into your bodies would be my suggestion.

DJ DiDonna 00:28:21  Is that like plan that kind of first chunk to be something like that with healing and then plan some kind of experiments? What are things I’m curious about? What identities would I like to try on? Is it taking art classes, getting certified and scuba or yoga or whatnot, learning how to fly and just make sure that you’re kind of trying things on. And then if they’re not working, moving on because it is long enough that one kind of speed bump doesn’t derail the whole trip. Whereas on a vacation, you know, things can kind of like domino effect and we all have such limited time that that can be the case.

Eric Zimmer 00:28:53  You make the point in the book. And I noticed this in the coaching work that I’ve done with people, is that sometimes what you learn by doing the thing is that it’s not the thing you actually want to do, after all, which sounds like a problem, but it’s actually not. My experience has been it’s been a great relief if there’s like people or like I’ve just I’ve always wanted to write a book. I’ve always wanted to write a book, and we get them writing, and a little while later they go, I don’t really even like doing this. And the fact that that thing that has taken up a certain amount of psychic energy all these years is now cleared out is a positive outcome.

DJ DiDonna 00:29:30  Yeah, yeah. Talk about sabbaticals, regret insurance. So being able to do things you might never have a chance to otherwise. Then also getting on to to try things on for size that you always felt like would be part of your identity. I mean, for me, I was under no illusions that I would be a monk, but I did this pilgrimage because I wanted to, you know, explore spirituality and Buddhism. And I got a lot out of it. But I certainly wasn’t dedicating my life towards that spiritual practice. Right. And so oftentimes it’s about knowing what you don’t want to do and rewarding yourself for having the courage to try it, because then that gives you more courage to return back to your routine life and say, like, actually, it seems like a lot of things are up for offer. I thought that there was kind of one path, but there’s many.

Eric Zimmer 00:30:18  Yeah. Tell me about your pilgrimage through Japan. I’m a long-time Zen practitioner, so that idea has a lot of resonance with me. Tell me about what you did.

DJ DiDonna 00:30:29  Basically, there’s this set of 88 temples on the island of Shikoku where Kobayashi, the monk who brought Buddhism from mainland China to Japan, walked and kind of like, brought the message to these temples. And so, you know, I walked close to 900 miles. Some of the temples have pilgrim lodging. You have these huts that that the locals on the island build for pilgrims to stay in. So it’s a pretty rustic affair. And, you know, I was able to not spend much money in one of the most expensive places on earth to travel to. I spent a lot of time contemplating in your head. Right. And, you know, for me, I was kind of mourning the life that I left, knowing that I couldn’t return back to it.

DJ DiDonna 00:31:11  Like, I knew that. the way I was working, which would not align with how I wanted to live and work going forward. But I had to I had to kind of mourn that. Right? Because you you have your dream job, and then you need to figure out what you go to next. And does that mean I was wrong? Does that mean I’ll find it next time? And then it was a lot of like empowerment, saying I could do something difficult physically. I could, you know, wrestle with a lot of things inside my mind. Meditation was a huge part of it, and a way to kind of quiet those voices and also go back to I felt like who I was at my essence, which is nothing to do with work. I don’t care how much you love anyone loves their work. That’s not who we are at our core, right? So I think practicing going into that space and then coming back out because work does give us a lot, but kind of returning to what’s actually true and the essence.

Eric Zimmer 00:32:02  I particularly love about that, that there was a combination of what you might consider head oriented stuff like meditation. I know it’s an embodied experience best, but it’s also working with your what’s going on in your brain. So you had that, but it was combined with probably a fair amount of physical walking, moving, you know, not getting up every 30 minutes and walking around the room a couple times, like happens in a Zen temple, but actually out there hiking, and it feels like it would bring those two things together in a really cool way.

DJ DiDonna 00:32:35  Totally. Yeah, I think a pilgrimage is a great metaphor for a sabbatical, because I think all pilgrimages are pretty long, serious endeavors. Either what you’re doing or how to get there, and it’s a bit of a recipe if you spend enough time outside of routine life dedicated towards something that’s important to you. I think changes happen, right? This combination of using meditation to quiet your mind and then also walking and just the contemplation and the creative energy and the soothing that that walking does. All great thinkers, you know, stretching in the past have come up with, you know, ideas, walking and helps you synthesize things. So it’s not so difficult. You know that it’s distracting, that your body is distracting. It’s just more like a monotonous rhythm that helps you, I think get into get into a mode.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:22  How long did it take to do the actual pilgrimage?

DJ DiDonna 00:33:25  It took about six weeks.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:26  Okay.

DJ DiDonna 00:33:27  Your only job like you wake up, your job is to walk. You have no other job. It’s like.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:32  Unless you make sure you stay in and meditate with the morning thing and.

DJ DiDonna 00:33:37  Yeah. Yeah, exactly. So it’s a totally different way of life. I mean, your job is to get from one place to another to try to do as good of a job in the temples as you can. Being a foreigner and, you know, keep good spirits when it’s raining for three days in a row and that kind of thing.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:52  There are a few things more miserable than backpacking in the rain.  Now, I know you actually had places to go stay at, which makes a big difference. It’s the taking the tent down in the rain and putting it back up in the rain. That is really the the soul breaking activity for me, but I guess if I did it often enough for you’d get used to it. And you know.

DJ DiDonna 00:34:13  Yeah, I spent the month before on a motorcycle in New Zealand and it rained a lot. And so it’s both the traveling in the rain and the packing up the tent and the rain in Japan, I brought a tent as well. You know, there’s like a lesson there where you could be so miserable. And then the rain stops and you walk for another hour and you’re completely dry.  And it’s amazing. I think it’s given me a superpower with kind of withstanding it in normal life, because in normal life you have an option. You have like an umbrella, you have a jacket. When you’re just out walking, there’s no option. But I think it also did a thing which it cured me of this like maniacal way of being outdoors that I had.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:54  Of controlling everything.

DJ DiDonna 00:34:56  Yeah. Like you got to be ultra light and not carry this and not carry that. And now I’m like, man, I’ll go van camping any day. Like, I don’t need to prove anything to anyone about about conditions. I’ve walked through it all.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:07  Yeah, yeah, I did a 75 mile hike over four days last fall, backpacking, and that was a great experience. Yeah, it was just the distance every day. That was the the real challenge in that. Okay. There’s another benefit of sabbaticals that came up again and again in your research, which was feeling human again as the thing people reported as a benefit of the sabbatical. Say a little more about that.

DJ DiDonna 00:35:38  Feeling human was an interesting thing. It’s not like most people would say, I’m not feeling so human these days. I want to go feel more human.  But it just kept coming up. In research. I think we forget that one way of living can be, and I’m recalling a story from the interviews, which was it was a consultant, and she she would work all day and then go to like a work meeting at dinner and then work out in order to keep herself up long enough to work some more and then go to sleep. And she looked at herself in the mirror one day, and it was just like, I am a robot, like I am a robot. And the only thing that I do is work, right? And so what are things that we think of that are part of our humanity? It’s like creativity and love and and family and eating good food. I don’t know what what comes up for you, but those are just things that you can fully indulge in for a period of time. And you’re not going on sabbatical forever, right? But you’re just kind of rewarding yourself for the journey that you’ve walked so far metaphorically, and indulging in these things that aren’t, like, productive in any way, in and of themselves.

DJ DiDonna 00:36:47  But not being productive, I think, is a very human quality. I don’t think we are born and made just to like, produce over the course of our lives, especially not in like a business output type way. Right. So I think it just reminds us of the other ways in which we can live, and we might want to lean further into some of those after we get back. Or we might say, I’m good. I don’t want to hike that much anymore. I’m ready to get back to the office, which is fine too. We’re talking about a relatively small sliver over the course of our life. You know, being off, you know, 1%. If we take six months off over the course of a 40 or 50 year career.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:25  You make a really good point about that in the book. And it’s sort of where you are today. You say your writing kind of at the end of your rope. Right now, eight years after your pilgrimage, you barreled through major life changes and your job moves.  Marriage, a baby with no reflection. You could use another sabbatical. And I love this idea that you go on to say the gift of a sabbatical isn’t permanent balance, it’s the capacity to regain it. And I really love this idea that, like, it will be a core memory and it will be a thing that changes lots of things. And it’s not a it’s not a magic pill that solves all of life’s challenges. Sometimes I feel like ayahuasca is presented that way. Like, just go do ice. Go on. Set. All your problems in life will disappear. Which is nonsense, right? I love that you steer away from that kind of magical thinking in relation to a sabbatical.

DJ DiDonna 00:38:22  Yeah, I actually think that the ayahuasca I talked about psychedelics as a metaphor is good in one sense, where you can always hearken back to it. Right? So it can be a teacher that you hearken back to for the rest of your life. But it’s not necessarily this thing that that changes you forever without ongoing effort. So yeah, I totally broke my own promise to go every seven years. Yeah, but seasons of life give us some and they give us some opportunities and, you know, not others. And so I feel like I know what it’s like. I know that I’m not operating at my peak, but I also have found an amazing thing to invest in for this time, so I’m more committed than ever to when the time comes to take my next sabbatical. Just don’t ask me when it is, but 2031 sounded pretty good.

Eric Zimmer 00:39:11  2031 I think that seasonality of life thing is so critical, right? There are seasons in life. I was able to start a podcast, and while I kept a full time job for five years and grow that podcast and grow a coaching business and do all of that because my kids were teenagers, right, I that wouldn’t have been possible in the same way with a five year old. I guess it would have been possible, but that would go against everything I valued.

Eric Zimmer 00:39:40  And I sometimes think that being able to see things that way like, okay, I’m in this season, but that season will change. What might I want to do in this next season? Or even as you talk about what what pause might I want to put in between these seasons, even as a way of reflecting about what the next season of my life looks like.

DJ DiDonna 00:40:01  Yeah. And what celebration do you want to have during that shift? Right. I think about, like in the book, I talk about different occasions for sabbatical. Right. Everything from a gap year before you start your career to like a twilight career examination of of whether you want to continue to work or what you want to work on. So I imagine celebrating the fact that your kids get to a certain age where you feel like they would benefit from living abroad for a year, or, you know, living abroad for a summer. Or that moment when your kids leave the nest and like really being present and celebrating with your partner, all the all of that which you accomplished, you know, together and then what this next phase looks like.

DJ DiDonna 00:40:44  And so there’s like a productivity angle, but there’s also like a we’re on this journey. It’s a long journey. And we have to stop to celebrate some of the inflection points. Otherwise we just kind of keep our head down and we look up and it’s too late. Right. So like the celebration angle of that as well.

Eric Zimmer 00:40:59  You talk about certain sabbaticals hiding in plain sight. The one that you use most often is the MBA. Talk to me about what the MBA is like or why that’s a sabbatical. Hiding in plain sight.

DJ DiDonna 00:41:13  I use the MBA because there’s no job that requires an MBA that I know of. It’s like a voluntary degree that can completely enhance. I teach here, I have one, I think it can absolutely enhance your self professionally. It can accelerate your career. But at the end of the day, you’re getting to step back from your routine life, from your routine job. You take on another job, which at times is tough and time consuming. With classes, at times it’s a lot more of kind of intrinsic and freedom to choose, like activities and clubs and conferences.

DJ DiDonna 00:41:46  And at times it’s more whimsical, like traveling, you know, meeting people from all over the world and learning about about their lives. For me, it opened the aperture of what jobs there were out there. How many different jobs do you get exposed to? You might go to a career fair in college or meet your parents friends. You know, when you’re growing up and then you get to try some of those identities on for size. You have internships over the summer, you have independent projects you can do during the semesters, and at the end of it, you get another job or you get promoted, or you go back to doing the same thing and society says, congratulations, you graduated. But really what you were doing is going through like an intensive two years of experimenting and figuring out who you want to be and getting better and stronger. And so if you just took two years away and spent $150,000 on yourself traveling and taking online classes, I think the benefits might be, you know, in the same ballpark, but people would think you’re crazy, right? I think having like a label to say, like, I’m on sabbatical, I’m doing this graduate degree, you know, they have executive education.

DJ DiDonna 00:42:52  You can volunteer and join the Peace Corps. Do a Fulbright fellowship. All of these things that are not your routine life, but gives you a little bit of credibility and kind of an excuse to be doing something a little bit different. So I think in the world that we currently live in, where you have to have an excuse for what you do in an identity over each kind of chapter of your life. Having something like a sabbatical in plain sight can be helpful.

Eric Zimmer 00:43:18  For most people. They have a job, they’re employed by someone else and then take a sabbatical. They’re going to ideally have that employer endorse, help with, sign off, allow whatever word you want to use. My first question is, are you seeing more employers actually offer this sort of thing? Like, what are you seeing out there? And then secondly, how does someone even start to tee up a conversation like that with their employer without them being labeled as a lunatic?

DJ DiDonna 00:43:50  Yeah, I think that there has been a steady upward trend of employers offering sabbaticals. You have some really famous, like a long standing companies that have offered them, like Adobe and Genentech. Automattic, the company behind WordPress. McDonald’s has had a sabbatical policy for its managers since 1977.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:09  Really?

DJ DiDonna 00:44:10  And so it’s increasing, I think, you know, depending on the kind of wins of do employers have the power or employees? You know, we saw after the pandemic where people are worried about keeping their job, we saw, like the great Resignation, where folks felt empowered to quit. So I think there’s deviations in feeling as though it is possible, but it’s increasing over time as far as how to do it. Listen, I think in order to be cautious, because there still is a bit of a work devotion norm that exists around me. Like if you’re asking for time off, does that mean you’re not committed? I would try to find people in the organization that have taken a sabbatical, or that know of folks that have taken extended leave from the company and try to figure out, is there a precedent? right? Oftentimes, employers will carve out special exceptions to keep extraordinary employees.

DJ DiDonna 00:44:58  Right. And so someone says they’re going to quit because they’re burnt out. And they say, actually, why don’t you take, you know, a few months off and we’ll keep your health insurance going. So I would I start kind of seeing if there’s other stories around people who are at the company who’ve done it, talk to an ombudsperson or an HR person just to see what’s possible. We live in a world where you could burn out and take disability leave as part of a way to take a sabbatical, which is something that I heard from a consulting firm leader. But oftentimes the smart companies are saying, how can I think about keeping a good person for longer than, you know, two and a half years is, I think, the median tenure in Silicon Valley, Four years, when they have these kind of like equity, burnout, cliffs. Like, how can I think about keeping the right people longer? Because, you know, Warren Buffett talks about how time is the enemy of the mediocre company, but the friend of the great company.

DJ DiDonna 00:45:53  So I would start by by asking those questions and really figuring out in your life, are there people that you can look to as an example, as an exemplar, who have taken a sabbatical and have come back better off? And that gives you the kind of story to anchor around. Because if you have to leave your company, realizing that it’s actually probably a good career move for you to do so.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:15  Is this very different in Europe?

DJ DiDonna 00:46:17  Absolutely. I mean, as we talked about your European vacation, like, looks like a regular vacation to Europeans, right? And so that would be right.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:24  Of course.

DJ DiDonna 00:46:25  It’d be very confusing for folks to be like, yeah, you had a vacation, you know, in the last 30 years. Great. Yeah. A culturally, you know, Sweden people take off August to go kind of up country. They call it summer. In Sweden you get six months paid time off from the government if you want to start a business. France has kind of sabbatical policies.

DJ DiDonna 00:46:46  People in Australia and Israel. Kind of take a year off to backpack before they join the workforce is kind of like a rite of passage. So I feel like it’s it’s growing everywhere. You know, gap years in the UK are huge. So, you know, when it’s a part of culture, again, you don’t have to use that term sabbatical. It’s just I’m spending more time with family this year or I’m going on an extended trip. So I think that’s a way to look towards.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:13  Let’s talk about modest sabbaticals, which I assume you mean you can’t get three months off. Talk to me about how someone who can get two weeks off or a month off, or how is that time used? Well, is it primarily just to do the healing that you talk about? Because, as you say, it takes 6 to 8 weeks to even decompress? Like, are there principles that you would take into a good sabbatical that fit in other areas of life?

DJ DiDonna 00:47:45  Yeah, I think the same principles fit right where it’s like, how much duration can you get in one chunk? You know, there’s a difference between taking half days on Fridays for the entire summer versus taking two weeks straight.  And so can you kind of batch your vacation days, add on kind of unpaid leave to get yourself to a place where it feels like something more substantial and something that is so out of character that it transports you into, like, a different way of thinking. I think can you disconnect? Right. Can you set firm boundaries from your prior life, even though you might know that work is piling up, having someone that’s kind of copied on all your emails or like a really solid away message that that directs people what to do. And then I think, you know, one thing that people kind of get wrong with a sabbatical is that you assume because you have all this time and space that you have to, like, go all the way to the other side of the world and do something outrageous, where some of the most interesting and compelling sabbatical stories happen much closer to home. So folks, that they take the opportunity to to travel and have like a weekend vacation with one of their kids instead of the whole family to to make something like that special and live in like a different way for a while, volunteering with a civic organization or nonprofit in your community that you’ve never seen.

DJ DiDonna 00:49:04  You’re getting to see like a different set of people do something very different that you wouldn’t do in routine life. I think another suggestion I would have is look for these kind of concentrated bursts where it’s a really intensive program, right? Like a week of yoga teacher training. Where are you doing it like six hours a day. That’s always going to feel different than going to yoga once a week for six months. Both are great, but I think the intensity will, like, take you out of your everyday life and you’ll feel like you’re living more of a different life for a while.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:35  Yeah, I love that idea. That part of what you say is a sabbatical is a break from our ordinary life, and it’s very easy to be off work and yet spending your time very similar to how you might if you were working, which is primarily in front of a screen of some sort. I’ve noticed this with myself, right? I’m not at work, but it’s not that different than being at work. I’m just doing whatever I want more casually in that way. This is a different example. But like if I try and get up every 30 minutes or so and move around for five minutes, if I take that break and just use it to quickly check my email or hop on a social media, it’s very different than if I use that break to get up and walk around outside for five minutes. And I think the principle holds here, which is in what ways can we interrupt our ordinary life? And we have the ability to interrupt our ordinary life in lots of ways. We can change how we spend our evenings. Again, it’s not a sabbatical, but you’re taking the principle of changing the ordinary so that you see things differently and have different perspectives.

DJ DiDonna 00:50:45  Zooming out to say, if you do that, you know five minutes every 30 minutes, can you zoom out and say five months every 30 months? Right. Every every 6 or 7 years. That sounds like a lot. Right? But what if it’s five months over the course of a 40 year career? It’s just it’s not that much time.  And so sprinkle it in a way that makes sense. Try to aim for a smaller one, like a month or a summer, you know, apart five years from now. And then after that experience, see if it blossoms or if you’re like, that was too difficult. Not worth it. I have a suspicion which way it’ll go, but I’ll let you figure it out yourself.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:25  So you talk about stepping away as a radical act of self-assertion. Tell us more about that.

DJ DiDonna 00:51:32  So it’s radical because the main story that we hear about work and life is a straight line from graduation until retirement. That’s not actually what happens, but that’s the story that we’ve been told that the way to be productive, the way to live a life, is to work as hard as you can. You know, sleep under your desk, that kind of thing. So you’re departing from this, like, common thread that you’ve heard and self-assertion, because when you take away the excuse of work where you can’t pick your kids up from school, or you don’t have enough time off to travel where you want to. All that’s left and all that we remain with is who we are, who we dreamt of, what we want it to be, how that’s going, and really investing in yourself that you can be whoever you want to be over the course of your life. If you actually put your mind to it and are intentional about it. So hopefully we’re getting to a place where stepping away and investing in yourself isn’t a radical act. But for now, it’s a little bit of one.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:30  Well, DJ, thank you so much for coming on. I’ve really enjoyed this conversation. I loved your book again. It’s called Big Time Off the Transformative power of sabbaticals and how to take one. Thanks for spending some time with us.

DJ DiDonna 00:52:43  Great to meet you.

Eric Zimmer 00:53:00  If what you just heard was helpful to you, please consider making a monthly donation to support the One You Feed podcast. When you join our membership community with this monthly pledge, you get lots of exclusive members only benefits. It’s our way of saying thank you for your support. Now we are so grateful for the members of our community. We wouldn’t be able to do what we do without their support, and we don’t take a single dollar for granted. To learn more, make a donation at any level and become a member of the one you Feed community. Go to one you feed.net. Join the One you Feed podcast. Would like to sincerely thank our sponsors for supporting the show.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How Connection Helps Us Heal What We Can’t Heal Alone | Dr. Joy Harden Bradford

August 14, 2026 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Dr. Joy Harden Bradford explains how connection helps us heal what we can’t heal alone, from the power of sharing our stories to the support we find in friendships, groups, and community. She discusses how healing allows painful experiences to become part of our story without becoming our entire story, why shame begins to loosen when we realize we aren’t alone, and how relationships can help us see ourselves more clearly. Dr. Joy also explores self-silencing, navigating conflict, finding meaningful friendships as adults, and why discomfort can sometimes be a sign that we’re growing in the right direction.

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Key Takeaways:

  • How culturally responsive therapy recognizes the different experiences people bring to mental health and healing
  • Why finding the right therapist is about connection as much as credentials
  • How to balance self-improvement with accepting yourself as you are
  • Why sharing our stories can loosen shame and help painful experiences become part of our story rather than the whole story
  • The unique healing power of groups, friendship, and realizing we aren’t alone in what we’re experiencing
  • How to build new friendships as an adult by noticing people already in the “background” of your life
  • Why self-silencing our needs can undermine our relationships and how small changes can help us speak up
  • How navigating conflict can deepen intimacy rather than signal the end of a relationship
  • Why discomfort doesn’t necessarily mean you’re moving in the wrong direction
  • Practical ways to work with everyday anxiety, including asking “and what next?”

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford is a Licensed Psychologist and the author of Sisterhood Heals: The Transformative Power of Healing Community. Her work focuses on making mental health topics more relevant and accessible for Black women and she delights in using pop culture to illustrate psychological concepts.  Named by Glamour Magazine as a Game Changer for her work in the mental health field and

Connect with Dr. Joy Harden Bradford: Website | Instagram

If you enjoyed this conversation with Dr. Joy Harden Bradford, check out these other episodes:

Exploring the Healing Potential of Spirituality with Abraham Verghese

Racialized Trauma with Resmaa Menakem

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Episode Transcript:

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:00:00  Just because you’re uncomfortable doesn’t mean that you’re headed in the wrong direction. It just means that there are some changes. Growing pains are part of most experiences that change in our lives.

Chris Forbes 00:00:17  Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self-pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:02  When I got sober, the thing I didn’t expect was how much we laughed. People in recovery will laugh about the worst things. I’d be feeling ashamed about something.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:12  Then I’d hear someone laugh at the same thing and it started to lose its grip on me. Doctor Joy Harden Bradford has a name for this. She says humor is a sign that healing is underway because you can only laugh at something once you have some distance from it. Joy is a psychologist and the host of therapy for Black Girls, and her book, Sisterhood Heals, is about what happens when we stop carrying things alone. I’m Eric Zimmer and this is the one you feed. Hi, doctor Joy, welcome to the show.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:01:44  Thank you so much for having me, Eric. It’s a pleasure to connect.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:47  It’s great to talk with you. You have a wonderful podcast that I’m sure will come up. And you also have written a book which is called Sisterhood Heals the Transformative Power of Healing in Community. And we’ll get into all that in a moment. But before we do. Let’s start like we always do with the parable. In the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:10  What is a good wolf which represents things like kindness and bravery and love? And the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops. I think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:02:34  Yeah, that’s an important parable, Eric. I appreciate you sharing that. You know, I think it really boils down to like, whatever we give our attention and energy to is the thing that grows inside of us and in our lives. And I think as it relates to even the work that I do, like, so much of it, is focused on making mental health more relevant and accessible for black women and girls. And I think the way that the community has grown and the attention it has gotten in the lives that it has changed, really speaks to the parable that you shared.

Eric Zimmer 00:03:05  You know, as I’ve listened to your podcast, as I read your book, I’m interested in the great amount of similarity there is. And then also the difference it is there. Right. The similarity is we’re all human. We all face a similar set of mental challenges, and we all have, you know, different degrees of emotional thought patterns, all these things that are similar. And as your podcast makes clear, there’s a difference, right? Me being a white man, you being a black woman. There are some differences too. And I’m curious how you think about the commonalities between people and mental conditions and just overall emotional wellness, and how you also think about the differences, and when is it useful for you to make a difference, and when is it useful for you to focus on similarities?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:03:55  So you know, we all are governed by our emotions and have mental health that we need to tend to. And so I think that is a commonality, right. Like we all experience different things.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:04:05  I think the difference is in why it’s important to focus on that. Is that the way that we experience our emotions is largely governed by who we are in this world, right? So there are definitely things that I’ve learned. Ways that I’ve been socialized at are very different than likely the ways that you have been socialized, right? I think the history of racism in this country plays a large part in the internal feelings and experiences of black people, and so there’s a lot that we feel that is dictated by things that have nothing to do with us. And so I think, you know, the commonality is that we all have feelings, but there definitely are outside forces that impact the way that we experience our feelings. That way we talk about our feelings the way that we even give ourselves permission to experience our feelings. I think is also governed by some of those things.

Eric Zimmer 00:04:55  So something I’m going to be doing a little more often is asking you, the listener, to reflect on what you’re hearing. We strongly believe that knowledge is power, but only if combined with action and integration.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:07  So before we move on, I’d like to ask you what’s coming up for you as you listen to this? Are there any things you’re currently doing that are feeding your bad wolf that might make sense to remove, or any things you could do to feed your good wolf that you’re not currently doing. So if you have the headspace for it, I’d love if you could just pause for a second and ask yourself, what’s one thing I could do today or tonight to feed my good wolf? Whatever your thing is, a really useful strategy can be having something external, a prompt, or a friend, or a tool that regularly nudges you back towards awareness and intentionality. For the past year, I’ve been sending little good wolf reminders to some of my friends and community members. Just quick little SMS messages two times per week that give them a little bit of wisdom and remind them to pause for a second and come off autopilot. If you want, I can send them to you too. I do it totally for free and people seem to really love them.

Eric Zimmer 00:06:02  Just drop your information at one eufy and I can send them to you. It’s totally free and if you end up not liking the little reminders, you can easily opt out. That’s one you feed. Net. And now back to the episode. And is this sort of what you mean by culturally competent therapy? Yes. Say more about that.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:06:25  Yeah. So culturally competent therapy really refers to a therapist having an understanding of some of these outside factors that may influence how we experience our feelings and emotions, and also understanding the stigma related to mental health concerns for communities of color. Right. So we know that there is a large stigma, like it has not always been okay for communities of color to even talk about, like not feeling well. Right? Like this idea that you should be strong all the time. And if you have to ask for help, it’s a weakness. Like that is something that many communities of color are kind of socialized to believe by parents and grandparents. And so having therapists who understand what you may be bringing into therapy and have a sensitivity to walking you through some of those things, I think is really important for a therapist.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:07:13  There are also some things that people experience that you want your therapist to just understand, right. So one of the common examples that comes up is, you know, black women will often change their hair a lot, right? So maybe one week I come to session, I have braids, the next week get straight. And so spending a lot of time in your therapy session talking about like, oh, I noticed that your hair is different may feel a little off putting if you don’t understand that. That is just kind of something that happens. Another example is, you know, black people and other people of color often have experiences in retail, shopping kinds of places where they are followed or have experiences with law enforcement, and you do not want to go to a therapist who questions the validity of those things, right? So it should not be like, oh, are you sure that really happened? Or or was that person really, you know, like, because we know enough to know that you should believe somebody’s experiences when they’re telling you something has happened, right?

Eric Zimmer 00:08:10  Say that slightly differently.

Eric Zimmer 00:08:12  If I were to go to my therapist and talk about being followed, it might be worth saying, hey, let’s question that, because, you know, you might be reading something into a situation, whereas it’s more likely, given our cultural world, that you would have been followed. And it’s better to assume in your case, like, let’s not dive into whether this person is having delusions. Let’s actually believe them, because the cultural context makes sense here in a way that it wouldn’t for me. Right, right. Yeah. I think about these things because as I was reading your book, you know, your book is written to other black women sisters. Right. Of which I am not I am not a sister. And yet so much of it I relate with. Again, some things I don’t, and so I just always find it interesting where the things are similar and where they’re different. It’s sort of the question on different level though, which is if you’re a female, should you have a female therapist? If you’re a male, should you have a male therapist? And I think there are different opinions on that, but I do think it speaks to that.

Eric Zimmer 00:09:15  The other thing is you were talking, I was curious about you were talking about how in communities of color, it’s this stigma against mental health and against not being strong all the time. And I was thinking a little bit like, well, that certainly was the case in all culture maybe 100 years ago. Do you think that it’s just the stigma has lifted more quickly out of white culture than it has out of black culture?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:09:44  Yeah, I think so. I mean, I think, you know, more white people have had the experiences of parents and grandparents being in the mental health system in ways that have been helpful to them. Right. Like, I think for black people in other communities of color, the mental health system has largely been punitive historically. Right. And so, you know, I think white people are just more familiar. There’s more language, typically more resources for you to kind of tend to your mental health, whereas that’s not necessarily the case in other communities. Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:10:11  But it seems like that that is starting to change a little bit with work by people like yourself.

Eric Zimmer 00:10:16  And there’s a number of prominent people in that space that are starting to really spread that message, which is wonderful. Finding a therapist is traditionally a challenging thing, really for anybody because, you know, it’s just not a well-organized marketplace. And yet I assume it’s even more so, obviously, if you’re trying to find somebody who’s culturally appropriate for your type of therapy. What sort of things have you done to make that easier for people of color?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:10:46  Yeah. Eric, you know, you bring up a really good point, and I just want to stop and talk about the difficulty in finding a therapist, because I think the process is a little different than like, just if you’re looking for a primary care physician or like a dentist, right? Like typically you will maybe like if you’re using insurance benefits, you’ll go to like whatever the directory or resource is. You may find the person that’s closest to you. Maybe you look up some reviews, or maybe you get a referral from friends. Like it tends to be a little bit more straightforward.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:11:14  Whereas therapy, we know that the relationship that you have with your therapist is actually the thing that makes all the difference. And so, of course, you know, you want a dentist probably that has good bedside manner, right? And that is pleasant. But if they are a great dentist and they’re not like so great bedside manner, you might let it slide because you only see them, what, once or twice a year. Maybe if everything is good versus your therapist, who you are likely meeting with on a much more regular basis in a lot of cases once a week. And so it really is important for you to find a therapist who you really connect with, somebody who you really feel like gets you. So that is a part of what makes it so much more difficult to find a therapist, is that you’re looking for so many other factors that are beyond the things you’re typically looking for in a different kind of health care professional.

Eric Zimmer 00:12:01  Yeah, that can be daunting, right? Yes. I’ve been in therapy on and off.  It started when I was even teenage years, because I was in all kinds of trouble all the time. And so I know how critical that relationship is. So the thought of like, okay, I’m going to do that again. There’s nobody obvious for me to go to or I don’t have any good recommendations. So now I’m just kind of rolling the dice, as it were. It is daunting and it makes it easy, I think, to often just be like, oh, that’s too hard and not do anything.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:12:30  Yeah. And I think you have to think about the fact that typically when people are reaching out to a therapist, it’s not when things are going well in your life. Right? Right. So that definitely could be the case. But most often, like people are in pain or they are experiencing some kind of distress. And so you already have a much smaller bandwidth to be able to do these kinds of things. And so finding a therapist and kind of wading through all these profiles and, you know, asking questions and doing the consultations, it can feel very, very daunting, which is why I often talk about, you know, one of the ways that it is great to help somebody in your life who you know is struggling with something and maybe needing a therapist is for you to be able to help them to narrow that search down.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:13:09  So you kind of taking on the task of doing some of that legwork and checking insurance and stuff, and maybe sending them a list of like three therapists who you’ve identified can be a great way to kind of really help somebody who’s struggling.

Eric Zimmer 00:13:21  That’s a great idea. What other tips do you have for people in finding a good therapist? Say maybe broadly and then narrowing down to people of color.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:13:32  And you know you made a great point Eric, that for some people it is important to find like if you’re a man and you want to work with another male therapist, or if you’re a black woman and you want a black woman therapist, like it is perfectly okay for you to go after the thing that you want. But I tell people to be open to the idea that you may find an incredible therapist who comes in a package that looks nothing like what you thought that you wanted. Some strategies for finding a good therapist. So one I think referrals can be a great way. So if you have other people in your circle who work with therapists, you may want to ask, you know, hey, would you mind giving me their information if you have other health care professionals that you work with as a part of your care team, asking them for referrals of other people that, like maybe previous clients have worked with can also be a great way.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:14:19  But a lot of therapists are also very active on like social media. Many of us have websites and like directory profiles where you can learn more about us. Lots of people have like videos and different kinds of things, so you can get a little feel for what it might be like to talk with someone and like whether you think you might like them. But I do encourage people to make sure that the therapist has training in the area that you’re wanting assistance with, because you may love somebody’s personality and think it would be really great to talk with them, but if they don’t actually have the training to be able to help you with whatever you’re coming into therapy for, it may not be successful even though you really like them.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:55  When it comes to culturally competent therapy. Is it possible that, let’s say, pretend I, as a white man, could I be culturally competent to work with people of color? Or is it really more people of color that are going to be culturally competent?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:15:12  Yeah, Eric, it is honestly very, very important for people like you to be culturally competent.  And we also use the term culturally responsive, because competent means it kind of has the illusion that, like, you could check a box and like you’re competent. Got it. Versus culturally responsive, meaning like you’re doing the work to kind of make sure that you can create spaces where people of all different backgrounds can come and feel safe in your therapeutic environment. And so even if every black person wanted a black therapist, like there are not enough of us to go around. which means that our colleagues who are not black need to be making sure that they are doing the work in terms of discovering unconscious biases and doing the trainings and having conversations, reading books, listening to podcasts, like to do the work so that somebody could come to you and feel like they have a really good experience with you therapeutically.

Eric Zimmer 00:16:03  Makes sense. Thank you. So one of the things I spend a lot of time thinking about is the balance between self-improvement and self-acceptance. This just seems to be a fundamental sort of tension that exists in this space.  On one hand, we might want to improve oftentimes, as you said, because we’re in pain or because we’re struggling or our relationship isn’t going well or something in our life isn’t working the way we want it to. And yet we also know that we can get stuck in that place of always thinking things need to be better than they are. And so how do you think about that balance, both in your own life and with your clients?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:16:46  Yeah, I think that that is a really important thing to highlight. And I do feel like, Eric, the proliferation of social media has made that tension much more pronounced, because I think you can follow all kinds of accounts and all kinds of people who are constantly talking about like, oh, if you have these symptoms, like, this may be the thing going on with you, which I think only adds to this idea that, like, there’s something inherently wrong with us all the time, right? And so I think it’s important not to view ourselves as like this ongoing, like self-improvement DIY project, because I think it can get really easy to fall into that trap of always having a thing that we want to fix in ourselves, as opposed to, yes, there may be some things that I need to work on, but I am also worthy to be loved and perfectly fine just as I am.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:17:36  And so I think that that is a tension that many people struggle with, even in my own life, like you mentioned. Like, I definitely think the book writing process illuminated some things for me that I did not recognize about myself. Like, I feel like I have far more control issues, way more perfectionistic than I ever imagined. And so, you know, there were many sessions spent talking with my own therapist about like how to balance, like, okay, is it good enough to kind of put out into the world? And so I think that that is something as humans, especially in the advent of social media, we have to be very mindful of to strike the right balance.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:30  I think it mirrors a natural tension in humans between sort of the grass is always greener mindset, right? Like if I just had this, if I just had that. But given the focus that our culture has on emotional and mental health, which is broadly a good thing, that perpetual tension has made its way into that world too.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:52  And I agree with you that social media kind of has a lot to do with it, and trying to find the right balance. It’s interesting. I was having a conversation with I don’t remember who it was, I don’t know, the last couple of weeks we were talking about perfectionism and this person was saying, I never thought of myself as a perfectionist, right? Like, I will make mistakes, I’ll leave a typo in my place, isn’t necessarily perfectly clean, etc., etc. but what she identified in herself was that she realized that there was a certain amount of emotional perfection she was expecting. She was expecting to always be happy for things, to always be going well. And when they weren’t, she was suffering as a result of that. And I just had never heard perfectionism turned in that direction. I immediately went like, oh yeah, that makes sense to me.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:19:41  Yeah, I don’t know that I’d heard it talked about in that way either, but it does make perfect sense, right? Like anything in our life that we feel like we are striving for, or we feel like there is a good way versus a bad way to do, I think can elicit these feelings of perfectionism.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:19:56  So that makes sense. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:58  You have a definition of healing, which is you say, I define healing is the process of revising and rewriting the difficult things that have happened to us so that they become part of our story, but not the entirety of our story. I love that definition. Say more about healing through that lens.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:20:17  You know, so I think when something difficult happens naturally it becomes like the center of our lives. So if there is a loss we experience some kind of traumatic event. Like we are kind of singularly focused in that place for quite some time. And I think it takes some time before you can recognize and get to a place where it is yet still a part of your story, but it is not the singular focus of your story. And I think that that is what a support system helps you to do. That is what therapy helps you to do. That is what all of the other coping strategies that we engage help you to do is to allow that thing or that experience to become a part of your story, without it becoming the singular focus.

Eric Zimmer 00:20:56  Yeah. You go on to say you believe that healing and you say, especially as it relates to the experience of black women, I’m going to generalize it from there is operating from a place of joy rather than from the pain we may have experienced. And when I read that sentence, it made me think of I’m a recovering heroin addict and alcoholic, and it made me think of 12 step programs and how much we would laugh at the things that we had done. It was almost in that moment that you could start to see an alchemy occurring. The minute that you heard somebody else cracking up about something you were feeling deeply ashamed about, there was something that just started to shift. And so I loved calling out. humor is a good indicator for me that the healing journey is underway.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:21:42  Yeah. Because I think that that indicates that there’s some distance. Right. Like it’s really hard to laugh about something that you’re actively still going through and trying to like fight your way out of versus the humor I think, allows you to kind of almost look at it as if it didn’t necessarily happen to you.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:21:56  Like you’re able to have some perspective on it that I think you’re just too close to when it kind of first happens.

Eric Zimmer 00:22:02  Yeah. So what do you think are some of the key things that we can do to help us revise and rewrite that story? You talked about some of the containers. We might do it in therapy or group therapy or with friends, but what are some of the tools within those containers that we use to sort of take control of that narrative again?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:22:28  So the first one you’ve actually already shared is actually sharing your story. Right. So you talked about like the shame that we often feel when things happen. And I think that that is probably the largest barrier to us beginning the healing process is to actually let go of the shame we’re experiencing around whatever this thing is that has happened to us. And I think that that is also the thing that gets in the way of connecting, is that we feel like we are the only person who has ever felt whatever XYZ is, right? And I think in groups are in friendship circles.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:23:00  We are able to realize like, oh my gosh, like you felt that too. Like I really identify with that. And so I think the first strategy is really to be able to share our story and let people know this thing that has happened to us or this experience that we’re holding on to so that we don’t feel ashamed about it anymore. I also think when you are ready, being able to use the things that have happened in your life to help other people is also a great way to continue that healing journey. So whether that be facilitating groups of your own, or doing speaking engagements, or writing a book or sharing on a podcast about something that has happened to you also unlocks something for other people. And I think that that is another great strategy for allowing you to continue working through the healing process.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:47  Yeah, I would say in addition to humor, that was the sort of second thing that I would think about in The Alchemy of Healing within addiction recovery is as soon as you were able to start helping somebody else with it, it all of a sudden changed, right? It went from being this thing that was this bad thing.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:07  And I’m not saying it happens immediately. And suddenly you’re like.

Speaker 4 00:24:09  Ooh, heroin addict.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:10  Wonderful, right? That’s not what I’m saying. But all of a sudden you start going, wait a second. This experience can be of benefit to others, and I think it’s why 12 step programs focus so much on that element is because that turning the attention to being able to help somebody else, not in general. I mean, helping people in general is good. But with the particular struggle you’ve had is what again I think is part of the alchemy there.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:24:37  Yeah. I mean and that’s a lot of what I talk about in the book is you know group therapy which 12 step is not necessarily a traditional therapy group, but it is kind of governed by this idea that like we are holding this body accountable and we are accountable to one another. And I do think that that is really important to be able to use your experiences to help other people so that you can unlock some of that shame for them.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:58  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:58  Yeah, I would agree. I’ve been in group therapy and then I’ve been part of groups, you know, 12 step being one, but other kinds. And I am a big believer in the power of groups. I would say I’ve gotten probably more out of group work than I have out of individual work. Not that anybody necessarily has to choose. I didn’t, and I kind of wanted to talk a little bit about that. And have you explained to us a little bit why you believe so much in group work and why it’s so foundational to what you do?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:25:28  You know, Eric, you really just touched on it like, you know, I have done both individual and group therapy as the therapist, and there are insights and breakthroughs that people get through within, like the first month of group, that it would take six months to a year to get to in individual therapy. And I think that, again, there is something about the power of sharing your story in front of a group of people and being able to, like, allow them to hold that for you and feel affirmed and validated in your experiences.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:25:57  That is just magnified because it’s not just one person. There’s a group of people there to experience it. I think also the shame is addressed quicker because somebody will share something. And I think the other thing is that in individual therapy, you have to do a lot of talking to really get any kind of benefit out of it versus group. You can get a lot of benefit even from just being like a bystander and like listening to other people’s stories, because you realize, again, that you are not the only one experiencing something like this, right? So even though the grief I experience may be related to the loss of a loved one. Your grief may be related to the loss of a promotion or some other experience. We can still connect over what the grief feels like. And so I think that there are just other data points that happen in group that you just inherently can’t get in individual therapy. I also think it’s really, really good to be able to hear feedback from other people, right? Individual therapy.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:26:52  There’s only the one therapist to give you any feedback versus in a group, you can get feedback from lots of different people and get in real time feedback about like how you are showing up. And I think that that is one of the things that makes groups so powerful is that you can get that real time feedback from people that you may not have even known. You find out things about yourself that I think are really, really critical to how you show up in the world in ways that you can’t get in other spaces.

Eric Zimmer 00:27:17  I love what you said there about not having to do any talking, to be able to get healing. That really resonates. I hadn’t thought of it quite in those terms, but that makes a lot of sense because you can just sit and absorb. What do you think are some of the challenges or the things that get in people’s way of getting the most out of group experiences? What are some of the common things that you see that people are bringing with them, or they’re experiencing as part of that might limit the effectiveness?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:27:51  You know, I think it’s hard to to outline anything because that is also what makes group effective.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:27:57  Right. So my first thought was, you know, groups typically mimic our family system, right. And so if you come from a family where there was a favorite child or like you were the black sheep of the family, likely that is going to be recreated in the group system, which is exactly what we want to happen. you know, like a large part of what governs group is this idea that wherever you go, there you are. And so we know that we see the world not as it is, but as we are. And so if you are somebody who struggles with like, oh, I wasn’t the favorite child in the family, you’re likely going to project some of that in group and see somebody else as like the favorite member of the group. And so it is when you are able to say that thing out loud that the healing really begins, right? Because you are now enacting these same patterns that are likely interfering with your life outside of the group. You know, if anything that gets in the way of your effectiveness and group is not being open to the process, right? And like, not kind of participating.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:29:01  So even though you may not want to talk initially, you can’t be like a non-speaking member of the group forever. Right? Eventually you will feel comfortable enough to want to share to connect with other people. Otherwise, you’ll likely get called out, right? Like other people will not feel comfortable that you are just there kind of sitting and not participating, which again, is all a part of the process.

Eric Zimmer 00:29:21  Yeah, yeah, I agree. I think that the very things that make it hard are some of the things that make it really beneficial. And I think that knowing that can be really helpful. You know, when I’ve led some groups from our community in the past, I’ll talk about the fact that when you end up in a group, you almost immediately begin judging the other people and judging yourself, because that’s what we do as socially evolved creatures. You can’t turn it off and you can see that it’s happening, though, and observe and go, oh, look at that. Isn’t that interesting? I agree with you.

Eric Zimmer 00:29:58  I think it’s just what somebody who’s helping facilitate a group, ideally, well, will help you to hold that discomfort without running away.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:30:06  Exactly. Yeah. I mean, I think that group is the place where it is okay to say some of those internal thoughts that we’re having, right? Because you’re right. Like, you can’t necessarily turn off the judgment or the observations that you’re making about other people in yourself and group is the place where you’re actually wanting to give voice to that thing so that you can figure out, like, oh, I do this in other areas of my life, and I didn’t realize that. But being able to say it in group really gives voice to that and let you work through it.

Eric Zimmer 00:30:33  What sort of programs do you offer through your community and your website? For women of color who are looking to get some of this benefit?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:30:41  So we do have a Sister circle community, which is like our peer support community as a part of therapy for black girls. So it’s not a therapy group.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:30:49  It is more having conversations about different things, offering support to one another, lots of fun events, lots of mostly virtual. But we’re also looking to expand into more in real life kinds of experiences because people really want that. So that’s just a great way for people to connect with people all across the world.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:07  Got it. Eight years ago, I was completely overwhelmed. My life was full with good things, a challenging career, two teenage boys, a growing podcast, and a mother who needed care. But I had a persistent feeling of, I can’t keep doing this, but I valued everything I was doing and I wasn’t willing to let any of them go. And the advice to do less only made me more overwhelmed. That’s when I stumbled into something I now call this still point method, a way of using small moments throughout my day to change not how much I had to do, but how I felt while I was doing it. And so I wanted to build something I wish I’d had eight years ago.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:47  So you don’t have to stumble towards an answer that something is now here and it’s called overwhelm is optional tools for when you can’t do less. It’s an email course that fits into moments you already have. Taking less than ten minutes total a day. It isn’t about doing less, it’s about relating differently to what you do. I think it’s the most useful tool we’ve ever built. The launch price is $29. If life is too full, but you still need relief from overwhelm, check out overwhelm is optional. Go to one you feed. That’s one you get overwhelm. Let’s move from groups to a smaller unit of well, I guess people that you talk about in the book a fair amount, which is friendship. Talk to me about why you see friendship is so valuable.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:32:44  I think it’s just really the foundation of much of our lives. You know, I think we are not meant to be individual in this thing, through going through life. Right? Like, we are social creatures, as you mentioned.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:32:55  And so it is just really helpful to have a support system, a group of people or one person, you know, have a big the group is who supports you and who you can lean on going through life. And I think it just makes things much richer and makes things a lot easier when you can count on other people and when other people can count on you. And I think the pandemic illuminated this in so many ways, like I think many of us took for granted how important connection was to us until, like, we couldn’t really do it and had to figure out all these other ways by virtual game nights and all these other things that we use to try to really stay connected with other people who we maybe were just kind of passing or, you know, didn’t really spend any intentional time with.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:40  Yeah. You talk about in friendship, you say, why is it that friendships allow us to exist in this way that is more open and relaxed? And you say much of it’s likely related to the fact that not much attention or pressure is placed on what friendships look like.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:33:57  Yeah. I think, you know, there’s so many resources Eric, about like how to be a great romantic partner, like how to be a great parent. Like there are all of these books resources, podcasts. And you know thankfully there’s more I think coming out around friendship now, but that largely I would say is in the last like 5 to 7 years. And so we just don’t have the wealth of information about, like how to do friendship. Well, that we have for other relationships in our lives. And I think friendship has largely been relegated to this like second tier kind of relationship in our lives, right? Like romance is important. Parenting is important. Being a good son or daughter, like all of those things have primary importance. And it feels like friendship is this kind of thing that, like, just exists kind of along the way. when friendship really is, in a lot of ways a central relationship in our lives, I think in friendship we learn so much about ourselves. we realize that there are expectations we have in relationships that we can give voice to.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:34:57  And so I’m really, really excited that we are paying more attention to our friends, because I think that there’s just so much great material there for how we respond to friends and how friends respond to us.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:08  Do we run the risk of putting the pressure into the relationship that we have around romantic or parenting, if we focus too much on it?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:35:17  I mean, I think that that’s a risk with anything, right? And I think the conversation really has to be like, here are some things for you to explore versus like, this is the way to be a good friend, right? Because we know that there’s not one answer to any relationship in our lives. But I think the plethora of resources and conversations only does well right now as we continue to explore what friendship means in our lives.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:41  Yeah. I mean, I’m sure you’re exposed to this same thing and see it everywhere in the mental health and wellness space, which is it’s become pretty clear that, you know, perhaps the single most important contributor to overall well-being is relationships.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:59  It just seems like that is being shown again and again in studies. And I think it’s all of it to me. For me, it’s been a matter of seeing that romantic partnerships count, family counts, friendship counts, groups count. They’re all part of that and they all matter.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:36:20  Yeah. You know Esther Perel talks about this in her work, how historically we have relied much more on a village to get our needs met. Right. Like there were friends that you, you know, kind of did your chores with and then friends you hung out with for pleasure. And, you know, then maybe you’re a romantic partner. And at some point, like, all of that kind of became focused on our romantic partner. Right? Like that. This is the person who meets all of these needs and how unsustainable that is. And so I’m really glad that we are exploring this idea that, like, we do actually need a village. We do need a variety of people to meet different needs in our lives.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:16  Do you have tips for people about making new friendships later in life.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:37:22  I think this is so important. This question comes up quite a lot because I think, you know, when you’re young or like in college, like it’s kind of like these ready made options for you to develop friends, right? But I think when you’re older and kind of in the workforce, it takes a lot more work. And so one of the things that I suggest for people is to look around in the background of your life, to see if there is someone who could move to the foreground with a little bit of effort. So is there somebody who you kind of see in the carpool line when you’re dropping your kids off for work, or somebody who sits next to you in a yoga class and you kind of exchange pleasantries, but it’s never gone further? Can you take a step to see if this could be a more important relationship? So can you open yourself up to say, hey, do you want to grab a smoothie after yoga? Or hey, do you want to grab breakfast after we drop the kids off? Now the thing that gets in our way is that nobody likes rejection, right? Like nobody wants to be told No.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:38:19  But the only way that we can get closer to these opportunities for connection is, unfortunately, to open ourselves up to a little bit of rejection. But I think that for a lot of us, there are people kind of just in the background who could become more important, right? And not necessarily like your new best friend. Though that could happen, but it could become somebody that is important for you, that can become a part of your support circle.

Speaker 4 00:38:41  Yeah.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:38:42  I want to also add, Eric, I think another great way, of course, to find people who can become a part of your circle is to engage in the kinds of things that you are interested in, and then you likely meet other people who are also interested in that. Right. So taking a new class at your local college or university, signing up for some kind of meetup group, or getting involved with a faith community like all of those, are great opportunities for you to just meet other people who have similar interests, which is often a way that friendship begins.

Eric Zimmer 00:39:11  Yeah. Yep. You talk about something called self silencing. What does that mean?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:39:16  Yeah. So self silencing really refers to this idea that, like, we make small of our needs and our desires so that we don’t put it on other people. So I’m going to pretend as if I don’t want this thing, or I don’t desire this thing, or I am going to kind of make it seem as if I’m like, not high maintenance, because I don’t want to burden you by this idea or burden you with the idea that I need something. And we often do this quite a lot in our relationships, particularly as women, as much of our socialization has taught us to kind of put other people’s needs ahead of our own.

Eric Zimmer 00:39:48  And so what are our ways of noticing that that’s actually what’s happening and then working with it?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:39:55  Yeah. So I think if you take account of like how many in not in a, a scoreboard kind of way, but like just paying attention to when other people ask you for things versus how much you actually ask other people for things, for a lot of people that will be imbalanced.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:40:12  So kind of just paying attention, I think, again, is the first step of, you know, noticing this for yourself. And then again, I think giving voice to it and like changing that behavior slowly but surely. Right. So again, not in a tit for tat kind of way, but if you actually don’t have the bandwidth to bring somebody to the airport or to take on this new task at work, like being vocal about that and just allowing the system to change around you. Because once people are familiar and comfortable with you being the person that always says yes, it can take a little bit of work for that system to readjust, right? But it has to. If you change the way that you are interacting. And so I think making small changes is a great way to kind of get out of that habit of self silencing.

Eric Zimmer 00:40:54  Right? And it’s always so uncomfortable when we start to make those changes.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:40:58  Yeah. And I think it’s important to note, Eric, that just because you’re uncomfortable doesn’t mean that you’re heading in the wrong direction.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:41:04  It just means that there are some changes. Growing pains are part of most experiences that change in our lives. And so people, I think, often get uncomfortable. And then that signals to them like, oh, I must be doing a bad thing, when really it likely means that you’re moving in the right direction.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:19  Right, right. It does seem that the way that we respond when we’re uncomfortable is to retreat, and knowing that that’s going to occur helps us to stay with whatever changes we’re trying to make.

Speaker 4 00:41:34  Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:35  Our culture has started, to use a phrase so much that it’s almost ubiquitous and tends to almost mean nothing because it’s used in so many different ways. And that term is holding space. But you talk about it in a more specific way. What do you mean by holding space?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:41:54  You know, Eric, I have to laugh because I hate that, like holding space has gotten this like, oh, it kind of means nothing. Because in my mind, it is one of the most powerful things that we can do for one another.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:42:06  And so when I’m talking about holding space, I am talking about being able to provide a container for somebody to put something in right? And figuratively, of course. Right. So when I’m talking about holding space for one another, it means that I’m creating an environment with you where you do not feel judged or the judgment feels minimal, that you can share with me something that’s very intimate, very personal, maybe very shameful for you. And you can trust that I can hold that for you until you’re ready to pick it back up, or as we kind of make sense of it together, but it really means providing a figurative container for somebody to share something that’s pretty personal.

Eric Zimmer 00:42:44  That’s pretty concrete and important.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:42:46  Yeah, yeah. And again, it really is the foundation of connection, right? Like that is what is most meaningful in relationships. And I talk about this also in the book that conflict often going back to our earlier conversation of things feeling uncomfortable. Conflict often happens in friendships and in other relationships.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:43:04  And it often signals to people like, oh, this is too hard. Or like, I don’t want to do this, but conflict when you can actually navigate it Aggregated together actually increases the intimacy in a relationship. So I think people often think if we are fighting or there’s something we don’t agree about. This may mean the end of the relationship, but really, if you can navigate it together and realize like, okay, like this was a bumpy road, but we like traveled it together, it often unlocks this new level of intimacy in relationships and friendships that I think is really, really important.

Eric Zimmer 00:43:37  That is a lesson I feel like I have spent a lifetime trying to learn, and probably will spend the rest of my lifetime learning. I think given, you know, family dynamics where conflict was always destructive, it never went anywhere positive. And I think maybe something personality wise like, I know that and I have to talk myself through that nearly every single time that conflict is on the horizon, which is, oh, not saying something here is actually going to be worse for this relationship, for this dynamic, than actually saying something, but it does not come easy.

Speaker 4 00:44:15  Yeah.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:44:16  No. And I love that you’re talking about, like, having to talk yourself through it. Right. Because I think that that is the case for a lot of us, like most of us, were probably not raised in spaces where, like conflict was taught that it’s a good thing. And like, we can disagree in healthy ways. Like, I think a lot of us are figuring that out as adults and maybe trying to teach, you know, the young people in our lives, something different. But I think a lot of us struggle with that. And so it’s okay to struggle with it. Right? It is okay to not do it right the first time. Like there are often things that happen that will keep happening, right? Like so I think people will often feel like, oh, I didn’t say something that one time, but usually these things repeat themselves. And so you always have another opportunity to do a better job the next time, or to go back and say, hey, we had this conversation on Tuesday and I’m still feeling a little unsettled about something.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:45:03  I wonder if I could talk with you about it, right? Like so. You don’t even always have to address it in the moment. It is really about just addressing it in general. That is really important.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:12  Yeah. And that certainly seems to be the case that these things, like you said, often you get a second or third or fourth try because if it’s enough in my case to bother me enough that I probably should say something, it’s probably not a one time thing. I mean, I’m not saying that’s always true, but it’s often the repetitious nature of it that starts to make it something where I’m like, oh, this is really starting to bother me.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:45:38  Exactly, exactly. Especially if it’s like with people who are, you know, figures in our lives. Right? So whether that be a friend, a partner, a parent. Like we get multiple opportunities to interact with these people. And so it’s likely going to come up again.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:52  I know that one of the things it’s a disclaimer you start your show with, which is, hey, this show is not a substitute for working with a licensed mental health professional.

Eric Zimmer 00:46:04  So I’m giving that caveat since you give it. And a lot of people either don’t have access to therapy or are not at a point where they’re ready to do that. And yet they might be wrestling with different things. And I’m just going to pick a couple common things that people might describe and see if there’s any tips that you tend to recommend to people. Again, not in substitute of getting more help, but maybe from a do it yourself perspective a little bit. And the first would be anxiety. I’m curious if you could first maybe delineate for us the difference between a general nervousness about the way certain things are going to turn out that I think is just part of the human condition and what starts to become anxiety?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:46:54  That’s a great question Eric. So everybody experiences anxiety. Anxiety disorders are the most diagnosed mental health concerns. So I want people to know that if you struggle with anxiety, whether it is a normal level or something that is diagnosable, You are in good company because all of us have anxiety.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:47:12  But the thing that differentiates, like you need a little bit of anxiety to like get you off the sofa when you know you should be like writing a paper or recording a podcast episode, right? Like, there’s a little bit of anxiety in our lives that is necessary, but when it crosses the line to interfering with other things in your life is when it can become concerning. So if the level of anxiety you’re experiencing stops you from interacting with people in your life who you really want to be interacting with, it forces you to feel so uncomfortable that you can’t leave your house, or you’re having difficulty just operating in your daily life. That is when I think that is an area of concern and something that may require some additional attention.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:54  So assuming that we’re not into anxiety disorder, we’re just in the normal anxiety, which would range from very little to, you know, perhaps an amount that makes us fairly uncomfortable. What are some ways of working with that?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:48:08  So one of the most helpful things I think for people can be to play this game with themselves called and what next? Right.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:48:16  So for a lot of us, anxiety is about like this worst possible scenario happening. So if I do this thing then this thing will happen. And so asking yourself and so what? Like if that thing happens and then what if you play that out enough, you realize you get to a point where it’s like, okay, I get to this worst case scenario and the world does not end. And so I think being able to play that out and like figure out, okay, what resources do I need at each of these steps to support myself if this awful thing happens, can really help people to, like, relax a little. Maybe not completely, but when you realize, like, okay, even if this worst possible thing happens, I will be okay. I have people in my life I can call on. I have resources to get support with whatever it is. I think that can really help people to let go of some of that anxiety. Also, grounding techniques really help with anxiety. So grounding techniques are helping you to focus in the moment because anxiety is often powered by like future worries that we have.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:49:21  But if you are focused on this moment, like I can feel my feet in my carpet, I can hear the clock ticking in my room, that I am focused only in this present moment, which does not allow my brain to then worry about, oh, what if I get in an accident on the interstate? Right. And so grounding techniques that help you to stay connected to the present moment can be really helpful for that anxiety as well.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:44  I love the and then what idea, because it sort of makes us get a little more specific and move out of this generalized cloud of fear into something more specific, where either we will realize, oh, well, that’s really pretty unlikely that it’s ever going to get that far. Or to your point. What would I do if I could? I mean, my favorite strategy for anxiety is simply reminding myself that whatever it is, I will be able to cope with it. Just reminding myself of that simple fact like you have the resources, you will be able to cope with this.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:50:20  Yeah. Even if it feels really difficult. Right. Like I think that that can be helpful because you’re right. Like it often feels very nebulous in our heads, but we get it on paper or we do this exercise with ourselves. We realize, like, yes, that might be bad. And I also have all of these things that could support me through some difficult thing happening.

Eric Zimmer 00:50:38  Yeah, the grounding techniques that you’re talking about, do you find that people need to gain some amount of skill at using them, so that in moments when they are anxious, they’re more helpful? Because I certainly know if I’m at a really high level of emotional energy, I might try and pay attention to the clock ticking. And that’s going to last for like one tick of the clock and then I’m back in it. And so do you recommend that people practise these things at other times? Do you recommend that they stick with them for a certain duration of time? Like how do we make them useful in these moments when our emotional system is fairly revved up?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:51:25  That’s such a great point.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:51:26  So I do typically recommend that these be things that you practice when you’re not activated emotionally, so that when you do need them, that it is a bit of second nature. And there are so many different grounding techniques that you do need to do a little bit of research, a little bit of homework to find the ones that work best for you. Because again, when you are kind of feeling really activated and emotionally heightened, it’s harder for your brain to kind of think through like, okay, what was that YouTube video? You know, so you want to do a little bit of preparation on the front end so that when you need this toolbox, so to speak, it’s kind of readily available to you and you are able to access it kind of on autopilot.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:04  Yeah, I had a meditation teacher who used to say, practice now while you can for the times that you can’t. And I just thought that was a really useful sort of instruction, which was the time will come where you these techniques would be really useful.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:18  But if you haven’t practiced them, they’re not going to help that much. But it’s never too late to start. Right.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:52:25  Exactly, exactly.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:27  So I’d like to wrap us up by asking you a little bit about what can the wider community do to support mental health initiatives specifically tailored for black women or for people of color? What can those of us that are not part of that community do to support the type of work that you are doing to make these things more accessible and less stigmatized?

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:52:50  I think sharing the resources help a ton. So just allowing more people to know about the resources I think goes a very long way, because you never know who needs the resource or who knows somebody who needs the resource, so being able to share the directory. Share about our sister circle I think goes a long way. Also funding you know. So if you are in a position to be able to donate to different organizations, there’s an organization called the Loveland Foundation started by Rachel Cargill, that does incredible work in actually providing vouchers for black women and other women of color to be able to go to therapy, because we’ve already talked about how that may not be an option for people.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:53:28  So supporting initiatives like that, I think is really, really important. But I think, again, sharing goes a really long way and being able to kind of fight trolls when necessary. Right. So not necessarily on social media posts, but, you know, there may be some trolling even in your real life of people who say like, well, why do we need this thing? Or like, oh, this is silly. Like we all have mental health to take care of. Yes, that is the case. And like, yes. And and there is a specific need for these kinds of resources for people who have largely been left out of the larger conversation. So being able to talk about the importance of it and really add the validity to people who may be questioning, I think also really helps our work.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:12  Doctor Joy, thank you so much for coming on. I’ve really enjoyed talking with you. We’ll have links in the show notes to all the resources that you just mentioned, and it was a really nice to meet you and really nice to get to talk.

Dr. Joy Harden Bradford 00:54:23  Likewise. Thank you so much for having me.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:25  Eric, thank you so much for listening to the show. If you found this conversation helpful, inspiring, or thought provoking, I’d love for you to share it with a friend. Share it from one person to another is the lifeblood of what we do. We don’t have a big budget, and I’m certainly not a celebrity. But we have something even better. And that’s you just hit the share button on your podcast app, or send a quick text with the episode link to someone who might enjoy it. Your support means the world, and together we can spread wisdom one episode at a time. Thank you for being part of the one You Feed community.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

The Science of Using Imagination to Change How You Think and Feel | Cassandra Vieten

August 11, 2026 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Cassandra Vieten explores the science of using imagination to change how you think and feel. She explains that imagination isn’t something reserved for creativity or daydreaming; we’re using it constantly to anticipate the future, interpret the present, and tell stories about the past. Cassandra shares how becoming more conscious of these patterns can help us recognize when our imagination is working against us, shift the stories that keep us stuck, and use this powerful capacity to approach challenges with greater flexibility, possibility, and hope. Her new book is Imagine That: Transform How You Think, Feel, and Live with the Science of Imagination

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Key Takeaways:

  • Why we use imagination far more often than we realize
  • How imagination shapes our thoughts, emotions, and behavior
  • The difference between adaptive and maladaptive imagination
  • How catastrophizing uses imagination against us
  • Why imagining how you want to show up can be more useful than imagining perfect outcomes
  • How your unique “imagination style” influences the way you think
  • Why screens may be weakening our capacity to imagine
  • How mental rehearsal can help us prepare for difficult situations
  • Using your future self to clarify your values and priorities
  • Why we can’t always think our way into lasting change
  • How imagination can help regulate the nervous system
  • Why generating hope is a skill we can practice

Cassandra Vieten, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist, clinical professor in the department of family medicine, and director of research at the Arthur C. Clarke Center for Human Imagination at the University of California, San Diego. She also directs the Center for Mindfulness at UC San Diego and serves as clinical psychology director at the Center for Psychedelic Research. She is senior advisor at the John W. Brick Mental Health Foundation and a senior fellow at the Institute of Noetic Sciences. Her research has focused on imagination, spirituality and health, transformative experiences and practices, the development of mindfulness-based interventions for emotional well-being, and development of media technologies to inspire awe. She has authored three books, is a three-time TEDx speaker, has published numerous articles in scientific journals, and is an internationally recognized keynote speaker and workshop leader.

Connect with Cassandra Vieten: Website | Instagram | LinkedIn

If you enjoyed this conversation with Cassandra Vieten, check out these other episodes:

What’s Next? Our Future Stories with David Christian

The 12 Levers That Actually Help You Change Your Life | Spencer Greenberg

How to Craft a Meaningful Life with Emily Esfahani Smith

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Episode Transcript:

Cassandra Vieten 00:00:00  You can change the story you’re telling yourself about your past, and it really changes a lot about how you think, how you feel, how you show up in the world, the decisions you make, your behavior. And it also changes. Interestingly, your brain, your biochemistry, your brain doesn’t actually differentiate as much between what you imagine and what actually happens as you might think.

Chris Forbes 00:00:29  Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self-pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:15  We may think imagination is only something we do when we are creative, but we are imagining all of the time things like planning out the next meeting, replaying the argument, imagining ourselves on a trip in the future. Cassandra Wheaton studies imagination at UC San Diego and just wrote a book titled Imagine That transform How You Think, feel, and Live with a Science of Imagination. She recommends that the first thing we do is learn to recognize all the times that we are imagining and become more conscious of it. And then secondly, we learn to tell whether our imagination is helping us or harming us. I’m Eric Zimmer and this is the one you feed. Hi, Cassandra, Welcome to the show.

Cassandra Vieten 00:02:00  It’s so good to be here. Thanks, Eric.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:02  Yeah, we’re going to be discussing your new book, which is called Imagine That:  Transform How You Think, Feel, and Live with the Science of Imagination.

But before we get to that, we’ll start like we always do with the parable.  And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops and they think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do.

Cassandra Vieten 00:02:56  Well, first of all, that story has made sense to me since I heard it. You know, such a simple way to just say, does this behavior, this decision, what I’m about to say, take me further toward where I want to be? Or does it take me further away from where I want to go? And you and I are both in recovery.

Cassandra Vieten 00:03:16  And when I first got into recovery, people would use that kind of litmus test as if you ever need to make a decision, just ask yourself, does this take me closer to a drink or further away from a drink? Or does this take me closer to God or further from God? So I think it’s kind of similar to those things, but in the context of imagination and what we’re going to talk about today, it’s very relevant because we have this incredible tool, this cognitive function that we use way more than most people think we do. We use it all day long. It’s not just when we’re making a painting or making a film or, you know, it’s not just kids all day long we are imagining stuff. And because we don’t always recognize that we’re doing it, we can have habitual ways of imagining. So on one hand, you can imagine, hey, as I move through life, everybody’s kind of doing their best. You know, we’re all just making our way through our lives, and I’m going to be as kind and compassionate to myself and others as I possibly can.  But you could also have a story of life that’s like, everybody’s out to get me, and if I don’t fight for what I want, I’m going to get taken advantage of. And you may have the exact same life, but if you have one of those two, you’re going to experience it very differently and you’re going to act very differently.

Eric Zimmer 00:04:30  Yeah, it’s so relevant. And as I was thinking about this before our conversation, I was thinking about that how I do use imagination all of the time, right? I’m planning like, what am I going to talk with Cassandra about? What am I going to listen to on my drive? It’s just happening all of the time. What I love about the work that you’ve done is you’re saying, yes, that’s all happening all the time, however, and it’s happening at deeper levels than you even know all the time. The more we can raise that into awareness, the more we can shape it, the more we could use imagination for our benefit versus for ways in which imagination troubles us.  And it clearly can do both.

Cassandra Vieten 00:05:18  Yeah, I like to say that the main point of this book is for people to use their imagination more consciously, to use it more frequently, and to use it more skillfully. And so it’s always going to start with consciously. Am I imagining all the time? I’m not like thinking about dragons and fairies all day long. What’s she talking about? Just like you said, we’re always gaming out what’s going to happen, and we use our imagination to do that. We also are always reflecting on the past, and it seems like those are just memories or just thoughts. But we know those are not accurate recordings. We’re telling a lot of stories about our past. We’re embellishing them and embroidering them. And so once you start to realize, oh, I’m telling a lot of stories on top of what actually happened, or I’m telling a lot of stories about the future on top of what’s going to happen, or even right now. I could tell myself a lot of stories about you, Eric, right now, just through assumptions and biases.

Cassandra Vieten 00:06:13  And so once.

Eric Zimmer 00:06:14  You figure out what lay them.

Cassandra Vieten 00:06:16  Right.

Eric Zimmer 00:06:16  What do you got.

Cassandra Vieten 00:06:17  Right? And so it’s like once we figure out we’re doing that, then we can be empowered to say, how do I want to imagine people? How do I want to imagine my day? You can even say, how do I want to imagine my past differently? You can change the story you’re telling yourself about your past, and it really changes a lot about how you think, how you feel, how you show up in the world, the decisions you make, your behavior. And it also changes. Interestingly, your brain, your biochemistry, like what you imagine your brain doesn’t actually differentiate as much between what you imagine and what actually happens is you might think, because when you imagine seeing something, your visual cortex lights up. When you imagine hearing something, your auditory cortex lights up. When you imagine moving, your motor cortex lights up, so everything you’re imagining actually becomes what you are practicing.

Eric Zimmer 00:07:11  I think that’s so true.  I mentioned Pittsburgh, I’m going I’m giving a talk tomorrow in Pittsburgh. And part of the core of it is it comes from my book. And it’s very similar to what you’re saying, which is this what is the story I’m telling myself? And then what are other stories? And then for me, the key piece is which of those is most useful because I am making them up right? I am making meaning out of what happens, and we do it automatically and usually not very consciously.

Cassandra Vieten 00:07:41  Right. Yeah. And the intention here is not to say, well, you should just create a fantasy world out of your life. You know, if you’re in a difficult relationship, just imagine that it’s not. That’s not where we’re going, but where we are going is saying, okay, assess what you feel like you’re observing. That’s one side of how we experience the world, but then also assess what you’re imagining. So let’s say you are in a difficult or maybe even an untenable relationship. And you allow yourself to, number one, say, I keep imagining that this person is different than what they’re showing me.

Cassandra Vieten 00:08:14  I keep imagining they’re going to get better. They’re going to, you know, be nicer, get the job, be more responsible, whatever. You can say, okay, what actually is, what’s true about what’s happening. And then can I tell myself a different story about what’s possible? So you might be telling yourself, you know, this is all hard, but there’s no way I could ever leave or this is all difficult, but there’s no way that we would ever go to therapy or whatever it is. You can open up your aperture and say, actually, there’s like probably 10 or 15 possibilities here that I’m not even allowing myself to consider.

Eric Zimmer 00:08:48  So let’s back up a little bit and start with some of the core ideas. And I want to start with how do you define imagination?

Cassandra Vieten 00:09:01  Well, I’m at the Arthur C Clarke Center for Human Imagination at UC San Diego, and we spent quite a long time trying to figure out what the heck it is like. Even among scholars and philosophers and scientists, there are tons of definitions of imagination.

Cassandra Vieten 00:09:17  So the first thing we did is we got together as many articles as we could find that were published about imagination, what it is, how people measure it, what are the components of it. And we spent a couple of years actually sifting through all of these dimensions and domains and trying to put it on a map. I think what we came up with is that imagination is a way of simulating, reconfiguring, and even transcending reality, and that we do it through visualization. That’s the best, most common form of imagination that we know of, but there’s actually a lot of other types of imagination. There’s embodied imagination where you imagine how something would smell or taste or feel emotionally. There’s social and emotional imagination where you can imagine what other somebody else is going through or where they might be coming from. There’s cognitive narrative imagination, so people sometimes can’t really picture much. Or when they try to visualize things, they’re just kind of blurry and blocky and, you know, you’re in a group guided visualization and everyone else is telling you all the details of what they saw.

Cassandra Vieten 00:10:24  And you’re like, I just kind of saw a few weird shapes. Well, you may be more of a storyteller, more of a narrative imaginary. So we found out that imagination is simulating, reconfiguring, and transcending reality. It’s how we either try to copy what we’ve seen. So if you think about your house right now, you can kind of create a copy in your mind this mental working space and picture it. Most people can and then reconfigure is you could imagine. What would it look like if I painted the walls blue, or what would it look like if I added shutters on the outside, or could I change my garden? That’s reconfiguring what it is, not changing it too much, but you know, saying, hey, there could be some changes here. And then transcending is completely different. You know, that’s like, what if aliens landed on my lawn and walked up to my door and knocked on the door? What are the first three things I would tell them about what my life is about? Now that sounds like a fantasy, but if you did that exercise and said these aliens, all they want to know is tell me three things about who you are and what you care about.

Cassandra Vieten 00:11:28  You can imagine what you would tell them, and that might give you information about what you actually care about. Like what do you value? What are the three things you would say to aliens if you made first contact? So there’s these three uses of imagination, all of which are very helpful to us and used maladaptively, they can be very unhelpful to us.

Eric Zimmer 00:11:49  I think I’d start with don’t hurt me. I’d probably be where I’d start with you.

Cassandra Vieten 00:11:53  Don’t hurt me.

Eric Zimmer 00:11:55  Look, I believe in kindness. I hope you do, too.

Cassandra Vieten 00:11:58  Right, right. Yeah, yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:12:00  I am in the don’t see things camp to a certain degree. I know the term is now Avantasia, and it’s been written about recently. And when I read about it, I was like, oh, that’s me right. So you came up with a definition of what imagination is, but you talk about how it was hard to figure out what it’s not, because imagination threads itself through so much of our cognitive apparatus.

Cassandra Vieten 00:12:31  Yeah, yeah, we kept trying to place it as different from creativity, or different from memory or different from planning and thinking.

Cassandra Vieten 00:12:38  And we finally realized, actually, one of my students, Julie Watson, said, what if it’s like an octopus and it just has tentacles into everything? And so as we went down that path, it became probably the closest thing to the truth. And some neuroscience seems to support it, that it is kind of like a utility infielder or like a Swiss Army knife, like all these different parts of your cognition use imagination when they need to make them better. So we use imagination when we’re planning. We use imagination when we’re remembering. We use it when we’re creating, inventing, problem solving, decision making, trying to empathize with someone. It’s really kind of throughout everything.

Eric Zimmer 00:13:18  So one of the things I think about a lot is animals, what it’s like to be an animal. Is there enough neuro correlates in humans that you see that you could then somebody could then look at those neuro correlates in an animal and perhaps tell whether they have imagination.

Cassandra Vieten 00:13:35  They probably could. And I’m glad you brought this up, because a lot of people have been asking me lately, how is humanity differentiated from AI? Like if AI is better at everything than what is our job? And one of the things we like to talk about is human imagination is perhaps one of our major differentiators because by definition, AI is summarizing and synthesizing. And yeah, it can do a search in the blink of an eye, but it’s always going to be derivative, because it’s always going to be putting together whatever we put into the internet. Whereas human imagination can come up with completely new ideas and much more generative ideas. And so when we talk about animals, I always feel uncomfortable calling it human imagination because I think, well, it’s probably conscious beings imagination. You know, that doesn’t sound quite as good. But when you see your dog, for example, sleeping and you see their little paws moving and you hear those little tiny barks, they are obviously dreaming about running through a field or chasing a raccoon or whatever it is. So the fact that they can dream tells me that they could daydream, but I don’t know if anyone’s done a lot of research on it yet.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:46  Yeah. I mean, people very cavalierly say the difference between us and animals is that we are conscious of being conscious, which probably is true, but we don’t really know what it is to be an animal.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:58  And as time goes on, we more and more see a lot of what we thought was a human thing is in animals. And it all makes sense that, you know, brains are just an evolution. They continue to evolve. There aren’t these like cut off points or it’s like all of a sudden now you have X. It’s always so much more of a gradient. And I.

Cassandra Vieten 00:15:19  Absolutely.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:19  You know, and I know with you working with the Institute of Noetic Sciences, you’ve thought a lot about this. Like just how far down does consciousness go? And is imagination a fundamental piece of consciousness, or was there a certain point at which it evolved?

Cassandra Vieten 00:15:37  Well, you know, I like to think that it and again, there’s some evidence for this that it evolved quite early. You know, some people might think about imagination as the luxury item, the cherry on top of the sundae. Like after we figured everything else out. Then we started to be able to imagine different stuff. But it’s very likely that our predecessors way back in the, you know, small furry animal days, that there was an evolutionary advantage for being able to think, wait a minute, what might be around that corner that we’re about to go up to? Instead of waiting to see if you got eaten by a saber toothed tiger.

Cassandra Vieten 00:16:10  So the little ones that could imagine that could game things out, that could say, well, what if I notice that after I eat an apple and the seeds fall to the ground, then next year, somehow an apple tree grows up. Maybe we could actually plant those seeds. Maybe we could see what would happen so that what if I like to call it moving from what is to what if was probably a big evolutionary leap, and it was probably pretty early in our evolution. And you do see the types of structures that are activated when people imagine in an fMRI machine or something like that. They’re middle brain structures. They’re not always like the very frontal cortex. And in fact, that kind of frontal and, you know, you could call it your ego, let’s say, in the subjective sense tends to dampen your imagination. We have this very powerful system, cognitive efficiency inside of us that says, all right, I’m going to decide what’s possible. I’m going to sort everything into categories. And that’s pretty much it.

Cassandra Vieten 00:17:10  We’re going to go with it. But what we know is those categories are highly influenced by your upbringing, your conditioning, your programming, your genetics. And it makes it really hard for us to break out of those categories. And so that’s what imagination does, is say, hey, if I’ve been trying to figure something out for a long time by just thinking and thinking and thinking and thinking, I’m not getting anywhere, maybe I need to delve into deeper parts of my psyche. Maybe I need to delve into deeper parts of my soul and that territory of being speaks a different language. It doesn’t talk in linear, logical words. It’s often symbols and metaphors and parables, just like you used, you know, all the great spiritual teachers and most of the great teachers in general know that if you tell someone to do something, it’s much less effective than telling them a story about how it works. And when people hear that story, they’re much more likely to learn. It’s because they’re learning at a different level.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:11  Yeah, it does seem to be something that is fairly deep down in us. So I want to talk a little bit about imagination. And you’ve you’ve you’ve alluded to this, how it really shapes our body, our mind, our mental health for both better and worse. One of the key things you say is the most important distinction we need to make with imagination. Is it adaptive or maladaptive? Tell me about that.

Cassandra Vieten 00:18:40  Yeah. Yeah, well, you know, this was another thing that theoretically, it took a long time to get to because at first I thought, oh, there’s positive imagination and negative imagination. And if you just look at everything positively, then that’s going to give your brain and your body the signals that it’s more likely that something good is going to happen. So we’re all rowing in the same direction. You’re showing up in a way that expects that something good is going to happen. So therefore your behavior is kind of giving everyone in the room the safety signal. Like there’s all lots of good reasons to imagine positive, but there’s also sometimes good reasons to imagine the negative.

Cassandra Vieten 00:19:15  When you look at some of the, gosh, like The Hunger Games for these dystopian futures that are out there that people imagine, those are ways that humanity plays with what would happen if we got super lost. Like what would happen if society went down a very bad road? We already know this from history, but it helps to play with some of those negative ideas. And I read a lot of Stephen King when I was a young person, and it was like, why do I want to read that stuff? Well, we’re playing with issues of death and fear and loss, and why am I so scared and that kind of stuff, and that actually helps people. So we changed it to adaptive and maladaptive. And what we mean by that is adaptive imagination is something that helps me. It results in me being more in flow, kinder, more compassionate, making more skillful decisions, being more constructive, instead of being the person who tears people down or things down. And then maladaptive, often unconscious, unfortunately, is the way that we imagine that doesn’t help us, that hurts us.

Cassandra Vieten 00:20:23  So when I talked about being in recovery, for example, and I got to a place when I was having trouble stopping drinking and it was really starting to impact my life and my family in very negative ways. I had a maladaptive imagination pattern going, which is if I tell anybody about this because I was trying my hardest to keep it a secret, I’ll have a black mark on my record forever. No one will ever trust me again. They’ll think less of me forever. It’ll just be the worst thing that could possibly happen is if I asked for help and told someone about this. You know, after a while, of course, I got to such a difficult place that I finally called a colleague and said, I’m not okay. I can’t stop drinking. I’m hurting everyone. And they were like, I’ll be right over. And I was like, well, I can’t not work. And they were like, oh no, you’re already off work for the next 60 days. You’re good. Go take care of yourself.

Cassandra Vieten 00:21:16  Come back. We’re all behind you. Did I imagine that for one second that that would be what they said? No. I thought they’d be like, you’re disgusting. You know you’re fired and don’t ever come back. So that was a maladaptive imagination pattern. And boy, I have a lot of clients now who are suffering from these maladaptive patterns of imagining things. The imagining people hate them, imagining that they don’t have anything coming for them in their future and even in the medical setting. I have a doctor friend who will see patients who are in a very difficult health challenge pain, not sleeping. You know, maybe disease. And they’ll say, look, I can see you in the future, recovered from this illness and doing very well and thriving in life. I know you can’t see that right now, but I can see it. And I’m going to hold that vision for you, and we’re going to walk toward it together, and I’m going to help you get there. What an amazing way to talk to somebody.

Eric Zimmer 00:22:39  Eight years ago, I was completely overwhelmed. My life was full with good things. A challenging career, two teenage boys, a growing podcast, and a mother who needed care. But I had a persistent feeling of I can’t keep doing this, but I valued everything I was doing and I wasn’t willing to let any of them go. And the advice to do less only made me more overwhelmed. That’s when I stumbled into something I now call this still point method, a way of using small moments throughout my day to change not how much I had to do, but how I felt while I was doing it. And so I wanted to build something I wish I’d had eight years ago. So you don’t have to stumble towards an answer that something is now here and it’s called overwhelm is optional tools for when you can’t do less. It’s an email course that fits into moments you already have. Taking less than ten minutes total a day, it isn’t about doing less, it’s about relating differently to what you do. I think it’s the most useful tool we’ve ever built. The launch price is $29. If life is too full, but you still need relief from overwhelm, check out overwhelm is optional. Go to oneyoufeed.net/overwhelm. That’s oneyoufeed.net/overwhelm. 

I do think there’s so much of that idea of, we don’t want to tell ourselves things that aren’t true, right? We don’t want to live in non reality. And yet we very much do argue for our limitations, and we very much do often put the worst spin on what’s happening. I’ve been talking about this in some newsletters recently, but I have restless leg syndrome and it’s been bad lately. I’ve treated over the years, but it’s been back and it’s not ideal. And when I’m not careful, my brain gets to like. Well, you’re not sleeping well, which means you’re not going to do good at work. You’re not going to have the energy to do the things you need. The business is at a critical point.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:48  Oh, and by the way, we know that not sleeping is what causes dementia. So dementia is and I mean all of that. And that’s all imagination catastrophizing. But it’s a maladaptive imagination, right.

Cassandra Vieten 00:25:02  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:25:03  And a version of imagination that at least has some hope. And it tends to be better for me. Now, one of the things that I’m not generally good at is like trying to go too far to the positive.

Cassandra Vieten 00:25:17  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:25:18  And so I am often, you know, looking for a more neutral interpretation. But I know that with imagination, you would argue that at times it’s good to go places that aren’t. Quote unquote reality. Yeah. Talk to me about, you know, working with all these things. The stories were telling ourselves, ones that are more adaptive, but yet that we don’t immediately go, oh, that’s never going to happen. Like, how do we work with that part of ourselves?

Cassandra Vieten 00:25:46  Yeah. Yeah. Well, first of all, it kind of goes back to the simulate, reconfigure and transcend. So one thing that you can do as a daily practice is if you meditate in the morning, if you do yoga, if you do whatever you do, take about five minutes of that time and imagine what the rest of your day might be like. I’m going to get in my car. I’m going to go to work. These meetings I’m going to have you’re going to hold it kind of loosely because you can’t predict exactly what’s going to happen, but you have a pretty clear sense. And what I say is, instead of imagining how you want things to go, imagine how you want to show up. What do you want to bring to this day? Or what is this day calling for? You know, I have a very difficult meeting. I know it’s going to be hard from 2 to 3 today, so I’m going to need to bring my authenticity, genuineness, compassion, groundedness, or I need to bring some fierceness and boundaries. You can even imagine a time recently that you had those things that you felt emotionally balanced, that you felt in flow, that you felt creative.

Cassandra Vieten 00:26:51  Remember every single thing about what that was like and then bring it into this day. So that’s a way to just use imagination on a daily basis. It’s very real, very grounded. Then you can use a completely different form of imagination. And I don’t remember who said this first, but several people have said there are some truths that can only be found in fiction. Yeah. And how can that even be? It sounds so paradoxical, but one of the things that has helped a lot of my clients is to identify parts of themselves that they give a name to. They give a personality to. They can draw it sometimes and they can say, okay, I’ve got my little jealousy monster inside there. And today I’m feeling jealous. I’m feeling like I wish I was happy for that person, but dang, they’re getting everything that I thought of first. Then you can say, well, all right, jealous self, come on in, sit on my lap. It’s cool. I get that you’re jealous.

Cassandra Vieten 00:27:50  It’s a natural human emotion. We all have it. But today I’m going to take care of you. And I’m going to drive the car. The part of me that says I actually do want to lift people up. I am happy about their successes. And the more enthusiastic I can be about someone else succeeding, the more we all are lifted up by it. But I’m going to acknowledge this smaller, younger, jealous part of me and say, it’s all right, I got you, I got you. I know it feels that way. So just that imagination, some people call it parts work or back in Gestalt days, you know, they called it empty chair work. And now they call it internal family systems. Whatever you call it, imagining parts of you can be helpful. You can also imagine, and I know this is going to sound a little frou frou, but you can imagine an ally. You can say, what kind of energy do I need today? Like I need Lion Energy.

Cassandra Vieten 00:28:44  And so, you know, you hang out in your meditation, you think about the coming day and you think, you know what? I need someone to join me in that meeting. I’m terrified to talk to my boss about the raise I want to ask for. I’m going to have a lion behind me that’s just with me, or I’m going to have somebody that loves me and is always behind me. And I’m just going to imagine that they’re going into this with me. Surprisingly, that ends up being really helpful. And one of the key practices that sometimes we use is that we will help someone visualize or imagine their future self, let’s say five, ten years, 15 years into the future. And they imagine that this future self has embodied the characteristics that they really want to have in their future life. I mean, you can put a mansion in a jaguar that’s kind of like, you know, the secret and manifestation and all that stuff. But I will say it’s much better to imagine your future self being the way that you want to be feeling the way that you want to feel, embodying the values that you want to embody, and being the kind of person that you want to be.

Cassandra Vieten 00:29:55  And get into that with as much detail as you possibly can. You can even imagine knocking on your future self’s door and they open it. And where are they living and how do they look? And what kind of energy do you feel from them? What do they say to you? What do they say about how they got there? And then you can kind of make an ally of that future self where every time you’re going into a hard situation or you got to make a hard decision, you write, all right, future self, what do you got for me? How should I approach this? If I were on my way to becoming you, how should I approach this? And it becomes a really cool exercise for people.

Eric Zimmer 00:30:52  It reminds me of another recovery thing that I learned from the very beginning, which is this idea of playing the tape all the way through. Yeah, right. Which is an imaginative exercise. Right. I’m focused on, like, it would feel really good to have a drink right now, and I just stopped there.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:10  That’s as far as I go. The thing that’s helpful is we keep the story going. Right. Well, okay, if I did that, then what would happen? Yeah. Oh, well, in my case, the fear and the despair would come rushing right back in. Yeah. And try and feel that. And then. Well, what after that? Well, I would just want to drink even more. And what’s that feel like? And that exercise, the more we imagine it, the better. So I want to go back to people with some degree of aphantasia, though, because I traditionally find this stuff difficult because I don’t see things well. Now what I don’t know, and I don’t know how you would ever know this. I guess you would just try and develop it. And if it didn’t develop is do I have a visual imagination that is very atrophied? Or am I someone who really doesn’t see in pictures? I guess I don’t know. I used to live in a vivid fantasy world when I was younger, but I can’t think back to know if I ever saw it or if I was just telling the story of it.

Cassandra Vieten 00:32:20  Right, right. And I think both things are true. One of the things that we have, we’re working with in our lab at the Arthur C Clarke Center for Human Imagination, and I talk a lot about in the book is the neurodiversity of imagination, that everybody has a unique imagining style, kind of like your fingerprint. And we’ve identified like 18 different dimensions of imagination. Some people have super vivid imaginations, whereas other people have extremely practical imaginations. Like they can actually see exactly how a room is going to be set up if you put the furniture into it. And we need both kinds. We need all kinds of imaginations. Craig Venter was a faculty member at UC San Diego, and he was one of the people who figured out how to sequence the human genome, and he was a total a fantasia. And he said, I don’t have any images in my mind. But he actually attributes his ability to help sequence the human genome by the fact that he couldn’t see pictures. So he had to figure out a different way of imagining, which was kind of this diagrammatic Imagination.

Cassandra Vieten 00:33:26  And so I guess what I’d ask you, Eric, is do you feel like maybe you’re a good storyteller? Like, does it come out in words and narratives, in thoughts more than pictures?

Eric Zimmer 00:33:39  Well, I’m not sure I would say. Am I good at being the storyteller? But certainly it is more. The way my brain works with imagination is certainly much more usually words with very vague images I think about, like reading a book. Like if I read a book, I sort of see it.

Cassandra Vieten 00:33:57  A little bit.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:58  Yeah, but not in any kind of clarity. But if I see a movie of that book, I know very clearly, like that’s not what I imagined.

Cassandra Vieten 00:34:06  That’s not how you imagined it.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:07  Right. And so it’s a strange thing, like if you asked me, can you imagine a room in your house? I can, but I wouldn’t say it’s a picture. It’s almost like I know it in some other way.

Cassandra Vieten 00:34:19  I know it in some other way, which I love the way you just said that. Because I think that’s what we’re really talking about. Can you know things? Can you learn things? Can your imagination be a source of information for you that is different than linear, logical thinking? Like when we go see art in a museum, or we go see a film or we read an amazing story. Part of it is just distraction and aesthetics and enjoyment and play. But some of it is because the painting or the image or the sculpture or the myth or the film holds truth that just can’t be said any other way. Poetry is a way to talk about true things, about what it means to be human in the realm of imagination. And so I am a proponent of saying that, yes, we can get information in the external world and through logical linear thinking and science, very, very important. I’m a scientist, but we can also get information from this different inner world. From what? At the Institute of Noetic Sciences. You know, we would call noetic understanding.

Cassandra Vieten 00:35:29  It’s a Greek word for the inner form of knowing. And that form of knowing. Sometimes will come in images and metaphors and symbols. And so I think it’s a useful and well, it’s a necessary form of knowing. So you asked about atrophy versus kind of genetics, I guess, you know. Did you just come in with it? I think both are true. So one is that you can go to our website. It’s imagination.ucsd.edu/profile to take a quiz. And number one, you’ll be helping us with the science of imagination. But second, you can get back a sort of report on your own imagination and where you tend to go in your imagination. Then you can decide. I’m either going to capitalize on my strengths, leverage what kind of imaginary I am. But you can also practice forms of imagination. And I do think that in society our imagination has been somewhat atrophied, especially with all of the screens. You call it the great flattening, where we are constantly looking at a flat screen and receiving information.

Cassandra Vieten 00:36:35  Of course, sometimes that really expands our imagination. When I was a kid, you could find out things from the library or the encyclopedia. That’s what we had. That was all the information that we had access to. Now I can get absolutely any information from my iPhone, but there’s a negative side effect of that. Being able to receive anything at any time. And that’s that. You don’t have to make it up. You don’t have to practice your imagination. So if you wanted a more visual imagination, you could practice visualizing every single morning. And just like every other part of your brain, as you imagine, you build the capacity to imagine as you practice it. There’s also some cool exercises you can do. I don’t know if you work out or you’re an athlete, but some of the really powerful research on mental rehearsal for athletes is as you move towards playing tennis or playing soccer like I do, and you spend some time imagining what it’s going to be like to be on the field, how you’re going to kick the ball if it’s going to go into the net.

Cassandra Vieten 00:37:38  Billie Jean King, the tennis great, would say every night she fell asleep just imagining what angle a tennis ball was going to come and how she was going to hit it. That mental rehearsal enhances performance. It’s very, very clear not only that, there’s some interesting evidence that when you’re working on a muscle, if you imagine the muscle getting stronger as you’re working it, you actually get about 30% more muscle strength than you would if you weren’t imagining it.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:04  I have a question about that one, because I’ve heard that study several times, but I’ve not heard that it happens while you’re working out. I’ve heard that people say you can build a muscle by imagining a muscle. Are you saying that it’s when you’re actually training them.

Cassandra Vieten 00:38:22  When you’re doing.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:23  It. You enhance.

Cassandra Vieten 00:38:24  It. No, I wish I mean, I wish I could imagine my workout every day and get benefit from it. But no, it’s when you’re doing it, when you add it to when you’re doing it. Imagination of practicing golf, let’s say, will make you better, but it will make you way better if you imagine it and you practice in the real world.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:42  With imagination, I’ve noticed something that I’ve noticed in meditation, which is that I start it and then I’m off somewhere else. So in your experience, is developing imagination similar to the way we develop meditation, which is we start imagining, then the mind goes and does whatever it always does, and then we bring it back to the imagination. And that process mirrors what we do in meditation.

Cassandra Vieten 00:39:10  Sure, sure. I think it mirrors any other skill that you want to practice. That’s an internal skill, like being able to watch your thoughts as they go by. If you’re someone who’s taken meditation classes, you know that we often use these metaphors of, okay, you’re sitting by a river, and every leaf that goes down the river is a thought. And you can either let them pass right by, or you can pick up one and look at it. It’s just a way of using your ability to experience things even when they’re not happening in physical reality. And you can train your brain. Now, we could take everybody out to a river and try to pour leaves into it and, you know, try to make it happen in physical reality.

Cassandra Vieten 00:39:51  But for most people, they can practice that in their imagination. The other thing we have been working on is creating virtual reality as sort of a scaffolding for imagination. So when people have a really hard time imagining something, or when the threat level is so high that it’s just impossible for them to get themselves to focus or to keep that imagination in their minds, we’ll give them a virtual reality environment. We’ll put them in the headset. And even when the images in the VR headset are a little bit cartoon like, it’s incredibly powerful in terms of the illusion that it gives your brain, and your brain is pretty much experiencing it almost as though it were happening. And so one thing we do about that, let’s say negative train of thought that you get caught up in rumination and what we’ll have people do. We’re developing this right now where you put thoughts on rail cars. So you have a big train, you put your thoughts on the rail cars and then at first the train is going by you very loud, like you can hear it in your ears. It’s wah wah.

Cassandra Vieten 00:40:57  You know. And then the train is getting further and further away. This is all in virtual reality. You’re backing up, backing up, backing up, backing up until you see the train going along in the distance with a little puff of smoke like the bottom of the Grand Canyon or something. But you’re seeing a much bigger reality. It’s something that we want people to have that metaphorical experience so that then when they’re out in their real lives and their thoughts are driving them crazy, they can be like, wait, wait, I know how to do this. I’m going to back away from those thoughts. I’m going to let them play like a radio and pay attention to my body sensations, or the present moment, or the person I’m with. There are hundreds of applications of virtual reality that can give you those training wheels so that first you experience it in virtual reality, but then you can learn to experience it in your own life.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:49  Yeah, I see so much possibility there in virtual reality. So it’s like I’m going tomorrow. I keep talking about Pittsburgh. I’m giving you a speech there, and I’d love to visualize myself giving that speech well, but again, my my visualization isn’t that strong, but I would love to be able to see some version of me doing it. Like, I feel like that would be really beneficial. Like as a.

Cassandra Vieten 00:42:15  Feel it though instead like instead of forcing yourself to visualize it. Can you put yourself in your body on the stage and how it might feel?

Eric Zimmer 00:42:26  A little bit, but not well

Cassandra Vieten 00:42:27  yeah. So that just takes practice. And one thing that I actually recommend to people who have any kind of performance things that they’re doing. I remember I used to try to visualize myself like nailing the talk, like I’m going to be so smart and so engaging and so emotional, and it’s going to be great. Instead of forcing that, what I’ll say is, when was the last time I felt completely in flow and present and authentic and genuine and the kind of person I want to be on stage.

Cassandra Vieten 00:42:59  And in one situation it was like, well, I last felt that when I was playing a soccer game. So I’m in the wings on stage and I’m imagining putting on my soccer cleats, getting ready for the soccer game. Like getting ready to go out and kick the ball, and then I go out on stage and give the talk because I’m kind of bringing that energy like just go out and put the ball in the net. Don’t worry about it. And that really helped more than me trying to be like, all right, go be the perfect speaker.

Eric Zimmer 00:43:23  So we’ve talked a little bit about one simple thing to do is to, at the beginning of your day, spend a couple of minutes visualizing your day. And I love that idea. I talk about it a lot. Like, who do I want to be in this situation? And imagining and visualizing that you lead a workshop and you talk a lot about using our imagination to imagine a better future for ourselves. So talk me through the basics of that. What are the steps? What would someone go through? What are you teaching in that workshop?

Cassandra Vieten 00:43:58  Yeah, so I teach this workshop called The Next You The Art of Future Making with a couple of colleagues, Bristol born and Mike Shapiro and Fabrice Guerriero, who’s an amazing world builder. We’ve put together a model where rather than thinking of sort of the traditional vision board, which I love. You know, that’s a great exercise to think about. What world do I want to build in my future and in the world of fantasy fiction and science fiction and filmmaking, when somebody is creating a world, the Star Trek world, the Star Wars world, the Game of Thrones or Lord of the rings or whatever Narnia, they have to create multiple things to make that world. They have to decide what language is going to be spoken, what is the energy source, what’s the currency like? How do things work in that world? So what we do is have people use it in their own lives. Okay, imagine your future world.

Cassandra Vieten 00:44:57  What is the thing that’s most valuable in your future world? Is it money? Is it gold or is it time with your kids? Is it unstructured time? Is it time in nature that’s actually the most valuable thing to you. So great. That’s the most valuable thing to you. And how are you going to get closer to that? Instead of making all of your life about making the money that you think is going to bring you closer to that? What language do you want to use in your future world? And I don’t mean French or English or Spanish. I mean, how do you want to talk to yourself? How do you want to talk to other people? Do you want to be someone who speaks in a way that’s empowering and uplifting? Or do you want to be someone who gossips and tears things down? What language do you want to speak? And so we go through lots of those, like.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:47  Only swear words in my world.

Cassandra Vieten 00:45:49  Yeah, right.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:50  That’s it. Yeah. Swear words and nothing else.

Cassandra Vieten 00:45:53  Yeah, you can do it however you want, right? The most important thing to me in my future world is vitality and unstructured time. So is everything I’m doing now leading me to vitality. Well, they told me if I made tons of money and I did all the productivity stuff, then I would have vitality. Why is it resulting in burnout and exhaustion instead. You know, they told me that if I do all the right things, then I could take vacations and have time with my family. How about if I had time with my family every day and I set up a world that made that happen? These kinds of exercises can really shift your compass. They can shift your direction, and you can start using them as decision making tools. Like, is that really going to get me more time with my kids? Is that going to get me more vitality? Am I moving in the direction of the kind of person I want to be? Another really profound visualization that we use as a cliche sometimes is Will you, on your deathbed, be happy that you did this? You know, when you’re looking back ten, 20, 30, 40, 50 years from now and you’re nearing death and you look back at your life, are you going to be happy that you did these things? Or are you going to say, boy, do I wish I had spent less time beating myself up or less time on the freeway commuting or less time scrolling through my phone.  You know, this gives you a perspective shift using your imagination that can be very profound in shifting your priorities.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:21  So let me ask you a question about that, because to me, there is an imaginative aspect of that, which is I guess what I’m doing is considering what I would want the future to look like. But some of that seems to me to be thinking normal, just thinking. Thinking right. Like so for me, you were given the example there. Like I’ve spent time to figure out, like, okay, here are the core things that I value. And they can act as a compass, right? It’s this decision. How does it stack up against those things? Tell me how. Using imagination, I could make that process better.

Cassandra Vieten 00:48:06  Yeah. So what I believe is that thinking is limited in its ability to give you the kind of worldview shift that you need to actually create sustained and lasting change. What do I mean by that? It’s very hard to just think your way through a situation, you know? If you can think of a difficult situation in your life right now, you’ve probably thought about it a lot.  And you’re thinking your normal thinking mind is caught in kind of the constraints and limitations that are both real and that you have decided are real. Right. Or that you’ve been taught or real. And so if you were to think about how do I want my future to be, I’m going to list out all the things that would be one way to move forward. But doing the exercise where you go, you get into a slightly altered state. Use breathing, use drumming, use music, use whatever it is that gets you into sort of a more open minded state and lets your ego take a break for a little while. Your thinking mind you’re judging critical editing mind. Take a break for a little while and you go visit your future self at the house they’re living in and you go in and smell what you smell. Sense what you sense. Examine what they look like. What’s the feeling you’re getting from them. You sit down and have a conversation with them, or you write it back and forth. If you’re not a great visualizer that gives you information that is different than you just thinking, I should do that.

Cassandra Vieten 00:49:41  So all of these imagination exercises can give you a deeper part of the information that speaks more to your subconscious mind and your subconscious mind, your non-conscious mind, or the deeper parts of you are really where these shifts happen. Like you could try all day long to force yourself to do all the things on your to do list, or all the things that you should be changing in your life, you’re going to actually do better if you can shift your internal view of the world, sometimes based on something that you learned in your imagination. I guess it’s adding the sensory, the visual. It’s kind of like that virtual reality thing. If you can give your whole being the sense that you are there talking to your future self and she or he is speaking back to you, and they have given you an interesting piece of information that was unable to come through that thinking mind. That’s what we’re talking about.

Eric Zimmer 00:50:42  Another way of using imagination that I’ve worked with, with coaching clients before, is often imagining what we do want to say or think. What happens is, we know. I don’t want to think about that. I don’t want to come across as X, Y, and z in a conversation, which is useful, except then we don’t see what do we want to do? And I found for myself imagining that to be a really powerful thing. Like imagining the conversation with someone. Yeah. You know, allow it to feed back into actual words.

Cassandra Vieten 00:51:21  Yeah. When you imagine something, especially over and over, you are giving your brain and your neurotransmitters and your hormones and your nervous system the message that this is how I want you to proceed. I’m giving you the message that I don’t want to encounter. Let’s say this interview with Eric. I don’t want to encounter this interview with Eric as a threat as, oh my gosh, what if I make a fool of myself? Or what if he asked me a question that I don’t know the answer to? What I want to do is like, imagine. I bet Eric’s a pretty cool guy, you know, and we’re going to have this interesting conversation.

Cassandra Vieten 00:51:58  We have a lot in common, and let’s explore this together. I can imagine that several times before our interview, and I will show up in a very different way than if I had gone in with like, oh man, you know what’s going to happen? So you can do that, giving your nervous system that. So in fact, your brain is giving the message to your body of safety, like go into parasympathetic nervous system mode where rest and digest. You could even imagine love like, hey, you’re a fellow person in recovery. I already love you. So my brain is going like, oh wow, we’re safe. Like oxytocin. Like, let’s release some of the dopamine and serotonin here. Whereas if I was looking at it the other way, my brain would be like, all right, you need cortisol. You need fight or flight. Like, you better get your heart beating faster. You better get yourself warm because something bad could happen and you better prevent against that. It’s just not the way I want to show up.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:52  I want to read something that you wrote as a way of kind of taking us out here, and you say essentially, that the antidote to despair isn’t just hope, it’s the skill to generate hope.

Cassandra Vieten 00:53:07  Yeah, yeah, yeah. Because I think one of the disservice we can do to our family, to ourselves, to our family members, to our friends, to our clients is to say, just look on the bright side. You’re doing fine. It’s going to get better. Don’t worry. That is not helpful. What could be helpful would be to say, I want to sit with you here. We’re going to do an exercise together, and I want us to go visit our future selves together. And this future self is one who has embodied all of the characteristics and qualities that you’re hoping to embody in the future, or even now that you wish you were embodying. Now let’s go do that. Let’s listen to a guided visualization or I’ll help you through it. And then I want to share what we found together.

Cassandra Vieten 00:53:56  Or let’s say you’re at a dinner table with your kids and you say, how was your day? And they’re teenagers and they’re like, fine. You’re like, okay, well, did you get your homework assignment in? Yeah. Well, was it on time? What did your teacher say? Like, that’s the conversation that we’re all having with our kids. What if instead you said, all right, everybody, we’re doing our five minutes of imagination at dinner? If today was a weather pattern or a force of nature, what would it have been? You know. Was it a tornado? Was it a hurricane? Was it clear skies? Was it a rainstorm? Was it foggy? Was it a waterfall? Was it a lightning strike? You know, your kids are going to be like, oh my God, this is so lame. But if you do it for a while, they’re going to be like, all right, today was a tornado day because this today was a hurricane day. Because this I had a clear, sunny day because of this.  You’re getting information from them that is so much higher quality than you get through the interrogation method.

Cassandra Vieten 00:54:52  And so the same thing with yourself. You know, if you ask yourself what is wrong with you, why are you eating this way? You know that you committed to wanting to lose weight. Why didn’t you work out today instead? You could be like, all right, what are the five conditions that would make it almost impossible for me to not do what I’m hoping to do? What could I do to set the perfect conditions for myself, to make it most likely that I would succeed at this goal? I could tell you one it’s not yelling at yourself about it. In fact, that’s probably keeping you from doing it more than helping you do it.

Eric Zimmer 00:55:26  Agreed.

Cassandra Vieten 00:55:27  You know, do I join the gym that I actually wanted to join instead of the cheap one that I decided to settle for? Do I pick up my favorite meal on the way into work so I don’t get a cheeseburger? There’s just ways that you can kind of open up the possibilities.

Cassandra Vieten 00:55:41  And then one thing that we’ve been using, which is a very interesting tool that we talk about in the book, is paradoxical thinking or thought experiments. So when you’re in a situation that’s not going well and it’s really stressing you out, write down 5 to 10 ways that you could make it worse 5 to 10 ways that you could make this situation worse. Well, I could start yelling instead of just sitting and rolling my eyes. I could get violent. I could decide, I’m gonna, you know, whatever it is, right? These things would make it worse. Then in the next column, you’re just going to write down the complete opposite of those things, but all the way opposite. So not only am I not going to be yelling, I’m actually going to do a mindfulness moment every morning before I go into work. So without thinking of how you could make it worse, it’s hard for your brain to think about how you could make it better. So instead, you go all the way to the worst, and then you flip it, and then you’ve got a list of like, oh, here’s some things that I could actually do to make this better.

Eric Zimmer 00:56:45  Well, I think that is a beautiful place to wrap up. I’ve really enjoyed this conversation. You and I are going to continue in a post-show conversation where you’re going to lead us through a visualization exercise about understanding what’s underneath our desires and finding different ways to meet and get what we really want. Listeners, if you’d like access to this post-show conversation in that wonderful exercise as well as ad free episodes, and you want to support a show that is independent and really needs your support, you can go to oneyoufeed.net/join. Cassandra, thank you so much. It’s been a real pleasure..

Cassandra Vieten 00:57:23  Great to be here with you. Eric. Thank you.

Eric Zimmer 00:57:25  Thank you so much for listening to the show. If you found this conversation helpful, inspiring, or thought provoking, I’d love for you to share it with a friend. Share it from one person to another is the lifeblood of what we do. We don’t have a big budget, and I’m certainly not a celebrity, but we have something even better. And that’s you just hit the share button on your podcast app, or send a quick text with the episode link to someone who might enjoy it.  Your support means the world, and together we can spread wisdom. One episode at a time. Thank you for being part of the one You Feed community.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How to Build a Meaningful Career in an Uncertain World | Benjamin Todd

August 7, 2026 1 Comment

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In this episode, Benjamin Todd explores how to build a meaningful career in an uncertain world. He and Eric discuss why the old advice to “follow your passion” can lead us astray, how AI is changing the skills that may matter most, and what actually makes work fulfilling. Benjamin also explains how to think more intentionally about the impact of our work, why experimenting is often more useful than trying to think our way into the perfect career, and how to know when it might be time for a change.

A Weekly Bite of Wisdom: Want to go deeper with the ideas we explore on The One You Feed? Every Wednesday, Eric shares a short, practical email that turns insights about mental health, relationships, purpose, habits, and personal growth into simple practices you can use right away. You’ll also receive our Weekend Podcast Playlist featuring a recap of the week’s episodes. It’s free, takes about a minute to read, and is enjoyed by thousands of readers each week. Sign up at oneyoufeed.net/newsletter.


Key Takeaways:

  • Why following your passion isn’t always the best career advice
  • How AI is changing the way we should think about career planning
  • Which skills may become more valuable as technology advances
  • The five factors that make work satisfying and fulfilling
  • Why meaningful work involves more than a job title or salary
  • How to choose work that makes a meaningful difference
  • Why asking “What could I become good at?” can open new possibilities
  • How small career experiments can help you make better decisions
  • Why we often stay in unsatisfying jobs longer than we should
  • How to evaluate whether it’s really time for a career change
  • Ways to make a difference even when changing careers isn’t possible

Benjamin Todd is the founder and president of 80,000 Hours. He is also the author of 80,000 HOURS: How to Have a Fulfilling Career That Does Good. Dissatisfied with the career advice he received at university, he began researching the guidance he wished he’d had. Over the next ten years, he grew 80,000 Hours from a student society in Oxford into a non-profit that today reaches 4 million people annually, has over 50 staff, and has raised $30M of funding. It has been covered in the Financial Times, Guardian, TIME, Wall Street Journal, and BBC, and was one of the first non-profits to go through Y Combinator, the world’s top startup accelerator. 80,000 Hours provides free online research, one-on-one advice, a job board, and podcast to help people find more fulfilling and impactful careers. Over 10 million people have read their advice online, and over 3,000 have switched to more impactful careers. This includes people who helped to pioneer research into AI safety, have taken key roles aiming to prevent a catastrophic pandemic, and have pledged billions of dollars to high-impact charities. As CEO for the organization’s first ten years, Ben led strategy, fundraising, and senior management, building an organization with average annual staff retention of 95%, while also writing the 80,000 Hours Career Guide, Key Ideas series and over 100 articles. His TEDx talk has been viewed over 6 million times.

Connect with Benjamin Todd: Website | Instagram | LinkedIn

If you enjoyed this conversation with Benjamin Todd, check out these other episodes:

Mind Over Grind: Practical Tips to Manage Work Stress and Enhance Your Well-Being with Guy Winch

How to Create a Life Strategy for Meaningful Change with Seth Godin

How to Craft a Meaningful Life with Emily Esfahani Smith

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Episode Transcript:

Benjamin Todd 00:00:00  Your career is this huge amount of time, and for many people, that’s their biggest opportunity to make a difference in the world.

Chris Forbes 00:00:14  Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts. We have quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet, for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self-pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent, and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf.

Eric Zimmer 00:00:59  A couple of years ago, I found myself in an unusual situation where I was talking with my son about his future, and for the first time ever, I just felt like I had nothing to offer.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:10  Not that I’d ever believe that I knew what was right for him, but I always felt like I had a perspective or something to offer. And this time I just thought, I have no idea. That’s the strange spot AI has put us in. Benjamin Todd wrote the book 80,000 hours, about how much time we spend in our careers, and he spends his life helping people choose work that matters. His answer isn’t to predict the future, it’s to build skills that hold their value and to get a few big decisions right. This one is about choosing when nobody knows what’s coming. I’m Eric Zimmer and this is the one you feed. Hi, Benjamin, welcome to the show.

Benjamin Todd 00:01:50  Hey, thanks for having me.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:52  I’m excited to have you on. We’re going to be discussing your book, which is called 80,000 Hours how to have a fulfilling career that does good. But before we get into that, we’ll start like we always do with a parable. And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:13  One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops. I think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do. Yeah.

Benjamin Todd 00:02:40  One thing it reminds me of is in the first chapter of the book, I talk about people think in order to find a filling career, they think they have to follow their passion. And there’s this kind of this idea that there’s this one perfect career out there for you. Almost like a kind of romantic match. And it’s just a matter of like finding that one perfect match, and then you’re sorted. And I actually think it’s much more a case of building something over time in building your skills, putting yourself in the right context and gradually finding something meaningful.

Benjamin Todd 00:03:17  And that’s what then passion comes from, rather than something that is just out there. And it’s feeding those conditions for passion. That is how I think about building a fulfilling career, though I wanted to. Then I think there’s kind of another theme in the book, which is almost that when you’re in a situation where your two wolves are battling, you kind of want to avoid that situation in the first place is another big theme in my mind, and one of the big points I’m trying to make is if you can get a couple of big picture decisions, right, that can really determine a lot of your impact. And by putting yourself in kind of the right circumstances, you can then achieve a lot and kind of almost bypass these internal tensions or these like more day to day concerns around character. Though I agree they’re really important to and I spend loads of time meditating and so on as well.

Eric Zimmer 00:04:15  Yeah, I mean, we’ll get into sort of many of those things that make a career feel worthwhile and fulfilling, and you really do a great job of laying out this idea of being really intentional, that the career you choose is one of the biggest decisions you’ll ever make.

Eric Zimmer 00:04:34  Sometimes it’s less choosing a career because we don’t know what exactly where everything is going. It’s choosing maybe the next best choice, but you certainly make a very compelling case. We need to be looking at the long game. We need to be looking at work that feels meaningful as it solves real problems. And it’s a fit for us and I want to get into all that. But I think the elephant in the room is AI, right? The elephant in the room is that AI is here. And there’s all kinds of different estimates about how soon, how fast that it’s coming for a lot of existing jobs. I remember a moment a couple of years ago, I was talking with my son. He’s 28, and he right now is what’s called a hotshot crew wildland firefighter in the US. And that’s probably not a long term job for a variety of different reasons. And I found myself, for the first time ever being like, I have no idea. I have no idea what to say. I mean, I feel like at any moment up till now, it’s not that I would have known what was right for him.

Eric Zimmer 00:05:42  It’s not that I would have had an opinion on what he should do, but I would have been like, well, I have a lot of experience and I’ve been through a lot of roles. Right? I can offer some ideas, some thoughts, and I just found myself going like I have no idea. So talk to me about that.

Benjamin Todd 00:05:57  Yeah, I mean, it’s a big topic, I do agree. The next decade, we could easily see more change to the job market than we’ve seen an entire generation before. And as the pace of change gets faster, your planning horizon should shorten and you should focus more on just putting yourself in a good position in the next couple of years. I use the example of even something like medical school, I think is a much less compelling bet than it was, say, to even just 10 or 20 years ago, because you’re then having to spend the next eight years in training, and we don’t know what it’s going to look like at the end. So, yeah, in general, we’re in a very weird situation with AI where it often feels like it’s all anyone’s talking about.

Benjamin Todd 00:06:44  In some ways it’s like incredibly hyped, but in many ways I feel like we’re actually not really taking it seriously, Especially on a gut level, and I think things could actually change a lot more than most people think.

Eric Zimmer 00:06:59  Yeah, I tend to agree. I think part of what makes it hard to think about and spend a lot of time with is not having any precedent to try and understand what’s happening and to feel slightly also like things are going to happen and we don’t know what’s going to happen, and we don’t have a lot of control over what’s happening that leads to just don’t think about it, right. It’s a perfect recipe for like, at least for me. Like, all right, I can’t control it. I have no idea what it’s going to be. Yeah. Move on. But that’s not necessarily the best choice.

Benjamin Todd 00:07:32  Yeah. And I think there are things that people can do. I mean, this is another huge topic, but you still have some influence in who you vote for and like calling a representative and spreading ideas on your podcast.

Benjamin Todd 00:07:48  I mean, you can only influence things a little bit for sure.

Eric Zimmer 00:07:52  So you’ve made some points about things that we can do. When I’m looking at a career perspective, whether I am 18 years old, 28 years old, 48 years old, and I see this massive change coming, how do I start to think about how to navigate it?

Benjamin Todd 00:08:10  Yeah, that depends on what your goals are for this. But I mean, one framework I talk about is like which skills to learn, which is a question in a lot of people’s minds. And I mean, this is also going back to people feeling powerless, so we could end up in a situation where pretty much every job has been automated. But this requires what’s called full artificial general intelligence. It can do every cognitive task, and you need robotics that’s fully working, and you need it to be fully deployed. And like all the legal issues worked out. And like people trust these systems. And that is quite a major process. And before you get to that point, we only have part of the jobs automated, and what’s actually happening is the skills that are getting automated are going down in value because AI can do them instead.

Benjamin Todd 00:08:58  But all the other skills are actually going up in value, because they become the remaining bottlenecks in getting anything done, and people’s like ability to contribute to the world and have an impact actually probably goes up, at least in the initial stages. In the long term, it goes down because everything’s automated. But at least before we get to that point, your impact is actually going up. And one way to see this is we now meet these teams of like 3 or 5, sometimes very young people who are able to do what would have taken 20 people before. They just wouldn’t have been able to do it because they’re like, as an 18 year old, you can’t get expert legal advice, but they’re able to figure it out like 80% of the way there by using AI. Well, and that’s actually very empowering for them and nonprofits. That would have just been way too expensive to start in the past. You can now start them with a much smaller budget, because you can get all this AI help to do some of the work and automate some of the work.

Benjamin Todd 00:10:02  so that is like a framework I would think about is, yeah, which of these skills are going up in value, and how can you actually use these tools to have a greater impact in the next couple of years? And I think there are a lot of opportunities for this as well.

Eric Zimmer 00:10:15  There’s a lot of advice that centers on get better at using AI, which on one hand makes a lot of sense, and on the other hand, I think is challenging. And the reason I think it’s challenging is I’ll just give an example. Two years ago, you could have invested a huge amount of time and energy into becoming a prompt engineer. The models have more or less swallowed that they are your prompt engineer. I’ve seen people build software companies that were like this little thing that sits on top of AI, and six months later, the model does all of that. So Open Claw, I think, is another example. I know a lot of people spending a lot of time in Open Claw, but it’s not far off that the models just do that kind of out of the gate.

Eric Zimmer 00:11:01  And so it seems like you learn a skill and then it just gets swallowed and you learn a skill and it gets swallowed. So what are the AI skills that are worth trying to learn?

Benjamin Todd 00:11:12  Yeah, it’s worth saying, like all of these skills are a moving target. There’s no final answer. And so you could then go one step further and say, well, the skill of learning skills rapidly is the most useful skills. Yes. And I think there is actually things you can do there to learn to learn more efficiently. I do think the skill of learning to use AI is one of the most valuable skills, though I do agree with the caveats you just said. And then I would say I think there are some others. So I’ve also written about social skills. And one way of saying this is so there’s actually over the last 20 years in the US economy, many people don’t realize that jobs involving Stem have actually had lower wage growth than average, whereas jobs involving social skills have had higher wage growth than average, and then jobs that have had the most wage growth involve both Stem skills and social skills.

Benjamin Todd 00:12:01  And it’s kind of like this ability to translate between technical topics and skills and products and so on, to the messy world of working with other people. I would guess in the next five years that will remain an important skill set. I mean, people are going to still really value real relationships. So we’re seeing this with content now, where as someone who’s just published like a quite practical book, how to nonfiction is collapsing sales completely.

Eric Zimmer 00:12:30  I just published a book in that category too, and you’re like, You know, you’re right. This is interesting. But I mean, your point is that content is essentially becoming free, and to learn how to do something more and more is simply go ask the AI, how should I do this? And it knows about who you are and knows about your history. And it gives you a customized plan, which is something a book can’t do. We could argue the benefits of books because I think they’re out there, but the general trend is inescapable. The content creator is a harder and harder business.

Benjamin Todd 00:13:01  Yes, though I would say yes, exactly. But there’s a shift towards more opinionated or more like story based or relationship based content, which people still value. It’s the very like more bland type how to content is the most effective. Unfortunately what I slightly specialized in.

Eric Zimmer 00:13:20  But yep, I feel your pain. So I want to back up for a second. So we’ve talked about AI a little bit and that’s kind of what’s on everybody’s mind. The thing with AI is sort of a little bit of the reframing in my mind of the question that was asked most often before, which is like, what’s going to make the most money? Now we’re asking what’s going to survive a AI, but you go back to a far more fundamental place of starting. So let’s talk about, in your mind what makes for a good career.

Benjamin Todd 00:13:51  Yeah, I mean, I talk about five main drivers of job satisfaction, fulfillment. And the first, it almost sounds simple, but I think it is actually often very overlooked.

Benjamin Todd 00:14:04  And it’s just the engagement on an hour to hour basis. And this has been called by researchers in psychology who was like trying to sum up the whole literature. And he was like, these are the most empirically validated predictors of job satisfaction. And he broke it into four factors. So it was how much feedback you have, how clear the tasks are, how much variety you have, and whether you have autonomy. So you can decide how the work is done. And instead, people often when they think of a career, they think, well, I want to be a professor. And they kind of imagine, like someone sitting in an office with a tweed jacket and students coming in and they think about like, what my friends think of me if I was a professor. And is it kind of like what I think of as a cool life? But that’s all kind of like looking at it from a very big picture point of view. But what actually drives whether you’re satisfied or not is how you’re spending that time, hour to hour.

Benjamin Todd 00:14:56  And that’s much more like, well, it’s writing papers, it’s writing grant applications, it’s doing university admin grading papers.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:03  Yeah, yeah.

Benjamin Todd 00:15:04  And if you don’t like those things, you’re probably going to have a bad time. Even if you find the kind of image of being a professor really attractive.

Eric Zimmer 00:15:12  Yeah, I think that is such salient advice. Like are the actual tasks of the thing, things that you would want to be doing. And I think we can fall into that trap in all kinds of places. I see people fall into that trap in the entrepreneurship world. They’re like, I want to run my own thing, which has lots of great values, but there are a whole bunch of tests that go into that that have nothing to do with the thing you actually want to do, you know, taxes and bookkeeping, and the list just kind of goes on. And I’m not saying it’s not worth doing, it’s what I’ve done. But there’s a realization that, like, there’s stuff that comes with that that’s sort of inescapable.

Benjamin Todd 00:15:52  Totally. Yeah. The second factor is then also really important because there’s a lot of jobs that are very engaging on those grounds, but people don’t say they’re meaningful. And when you might look back on your life, you might kind of have this sense of like, what was it all for? So the second big ingredient is like work that helps other people work that makes a difference to other people’s lives. Yeah. And then maybe more quickly, the third is I think just I think competence is important. That’s very satisfying. But also competence at your job is what enables you to get all the other things that matter. You know, this is again why passion isn’t sufficient. Because if you’re passionate but not very good at it, then you’re gonna end up with like no money and lots of other working with people who are really frustrating. And these things can also be really important for your satisfaction. And then, yeah, the fourth is like working with supportive colleagues. Again, I think what’s so interesting is again, people think they often think in terms of the job title.

Benjamin Todd 00:16:49  Is this satisfying or not? Is this what I want to do, my dream job or not? But so many of these conditions are actually about the context of the work. Yeah, it could be something that like seems boring from the outside, like it’s admin. But if you do it with people who are really fun and in pursuit of a meaningful goal, and it’s structured in an engaging way, it can actually get you into a lot of flow and motivation, even if like you would never thought from the outside, it’s the kind of thing you would have wanted to do. Yeah. And then the fifth and final thing is you could call these hygiene factors or basic conditions. So it’s just like not having a super long commute and not feeling like your pay is unfair, and that those things can make you dissatisfied even if you have the other ingredients in place.

Eric Zimmer 00:17:55  You’ve described two situations for me. One is in my late teens, early 20s, I thought I’m going to be a musician, and I just wasn’t even remotely good enough.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:06  You know, through the fog of addiction and alcoholism, it took me a couple of years to figure that out. But also, I had a career before I did this in the software business that in many ways met many criteria. You’re talking about like it was challenging. I lost myself in the work. I liked the people I worked for. The time flew by, I got paid well. It was really good and I couldn’t answer the meaning question. And then I tried to answer the meaning question by like, I’m going to start a solar energy company. But what I realized after a little while, in addition to Ohio being a terrible political climate to even attempt such a thing, is that that’s not actually would have played to my actual best skills. And then when I stumbled into this podcasting and coaching people and writing, you know, when I stumbled into that, I was like, oh, I have finally put all the different pieces together in a way that makes sense for me. And so I just relate a lot with what you’re saying about, you know, trying to get as many of those factors as you can, and you may not get all of them, or they may be weighted differently, but the more of it that your job fulfills, obviously the higher level of satisfaction you’re likely to have.

Benjamin Todd 00:19:20  Yeah, and it’s the software engineer example. I actually use that one in the book because people do report it’s engaging, but they actually do report lower than average meaning. So that’s actually a common result in surveys.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:33  Yeah, I wasn’t an engineer. I did everything around software, product development, project management, leading development teams, all of that. But I ended my career at the gap. Gap was a wonderful company in so many ways. They do so many good things in the world. It’s an amazing place to work. They make good clothes, and I was sort of in a in a software role where we were focused on the fulfillment of getting the stuff to people, and I ultimately was like, I just can’t find myself deeply caring about whether the jeans get there in one day or two days.

Benjamin Todd 00:20:06  Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:20:07  You know, like everybody finds the thing for themselves and the world isn’t always ideal. And I feel like I am very fortunate, incredibly fortunate to have found what I have. But yeah, it was a process of adding together those elements till I found the thing that feels, at least for now, most.

Eric Zimmer 00:20:26  Right?

Benjamin Todd 00:20:28  Yeah. And it’s great to find that thing. And this is actually something I’ve struggled with the last, I don’t know, five plus years is getting to that place of alignment where you feel like these different goals are kind of enough incoherence that you don’t have the tensions between the different parts. And I did have that in the past when I was founding 80,000 hours for the first time. And then I’ve kind of realized over time, like, actually, it’s very lucky to have that type of period in your life, and a lot of people don’t find it.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:00  Yeah, I’m actually a believer that no matter what you do, the tensions don’t get resolved. We are motivational, complex creatures. We want lots of different things. The world gives us different things. I think there is tension in there, but minimizing it and realizing which tensions can you live with is kind of the game.

Benjamin Todd 00:21:19  Yeah, exactly. It’s not not having the tensions. It’s kind of like being at peace with them or having it be part of a creative process or something like that.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:28  So I want to change direction just a little bit. Into making a difference. That’s a key part of the entire book is, you know, all the things we talked about are important. But what you do mattering and you really go into a lot of data about like what matters most. And by most, I mean if my goal is impact. So describe how you measure impact.

Benjamin Todd 00:21:55  I don’t want to get too fixed on like the idea of like quantified measurement. So, you know, all these things are super unknowable. But the thing I really want to leave people with is you can still come up with rules of thumb to help you find more impactful or less impactful things, and it’s more about using those rules of thumb than kind of making like some type of spreadsheet model. It’s exactly like ten units of impact at the end, right?

Eric Zimmer 00:22:19  If you pick the one that has the most impact, but it doesn’t fit you in many ways, you’re in a different problem.

Benjamin Todd 00:22:25  Exactly. So personal fit is one of the big rules of thumb that we really talk about a lot in the book, but then another one that I think from determining your impact is maybe the most important of all is which problem you choose to work on.

Benjamin Todd 00:22:38  And we encourage people to try and look for problems that are big, problems that are neglected, and problems where there’s a route to progress. So it’s solvable or tractable, and trying to find something that does. Well. On the balance of those three criteria that I would actually say is the thing that most has the biggest effect on your long term impact, but again, is like totally different to the normal. Normally it’s just, you know, well, should I work on climate change or health or education or AI risks? And people are just like just choose what you’re passionate about. Again. But I think actually being really intentional about that choice and then figuring out which of those issues are going to allocate your effort to, whether that’s donating or spreading ideas or political advocacy or working directly on a cause, which, however, you’re going to contribute. Choosing the issue in the first place has a huge effect on how much impact you’ll have.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:32  Let’s throw out four huge issues we’ve got. you know.

Benjamin Todd 00:23:37  This is where it gets a bit more spicy.

Eric Zimmer 00:23:39  Yeah, I want to just kind of talk through this. I’m not trying to, like, be challenging in any way, but let’s throw out, you know, AI risk. That’s an existential problem. Climate change you know, could be considered an existential problem. Hunger. Way too many people don’t eat preventable death. Malaria and other things. You make the point that pandemic planning right. Like knowing what we’re going to do in a pandemic could be one of the most impactful things that anybody could do. So I’ve got these things that are all pretty important. There are at least big. And are they neglected? I mean, I think almost any good cause in the world is somewhat neglected, right? Because most people aren’t paying attention or doing anything about it. And so if I don’t use what pulls at my heart the most, what else might I use to make that choice?

Benjamin Todd 00:24:29  All those problems you just listed are ones that are kind of relatively high on our list. So, you know.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:34  Of course, that’s why I chose them, right? I mean, I guess I should say like your book highlighted those mainly, and I think they’re the ones that, you know, people step back and really look at the big problems.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:45  We would see those as pretty foundational.

Benjamin Todd 00:24:48  A huge amount of, say, philanthropy in the US is basically people donating back to their universities, which is essentially subsidizing some of the richest students in the world.

Eric Zimmer 00:24:58  I find that bizarre. I guess I never went to college, so the concept doesn’t make sense to me. But yes.

Benjamin Todd 00:25:04  Yeah, I would say getting that into that list is actually already quite a minority of what people are focusing on. But then, yeah, within that, this is a bit where I think it is actually quite important to get a little bit quantitative. So climate change and AI risk are both big risks. But the other factor I mentioned was neglected. And if you try and add up all the number of people in the world who are doing climate jobs. I think it’s probably more around a million people worldwide. Ideally, we would have many more people working on climate change than we do. I agree in a kind of very absolute sense, it is still too neglected. But if you do the same exercise for people working to reduce like AI, loss of control risks, that’s probably under 3000 people.

Benjamin Todd 00:25:46  So that’s a thousand times difference in the neglected ness of those two issues. This will be even more controversial. But then I would actually argue that the AI risks have a higher like true existential risk in the sense of could actually permanently disempower humanity for the rest of history. Then climate change, where climate change is very likely to kill millions of people. But you know, if you read the IPCC report, which is supposed to represent the scientific consensus on climate change, it doesn’t say it’s going to literally end civilization. So there’s still huge differences. There’s like extremely bad risks and like extremely, extremely bad risks. And there’s actually still a big difference between those. Yep.

Eric Zimmer 00:26:27  But given that, let’s just play with this idea a little bit. So we got climate and we got AI safety. I would argue that part of the problem with AI safety is that there probably aren’t a lot of jobs in AI safety yet at this point. Right. And it seems to be something that all the AI players not at but don’t really meaningfully care about.

Eric Zimmer 00:26:48  So the work isn’t there. Although part of what we’re talking about, you forge and you create your path. But if I really care about forests, I just love forests. And I really just don’t even like thinking about computers and AI. Would I not be better going where I felt pulled to?

Benjamin Todd 00:27:13  Well, this then gets down to a deep trade off because I do think it is really important to do something that you’re truly, intrinsically motivated to do and you will have more impact and you will also gain. We talk about career capital, so you’ll also be in a better position in the future, which will give you lots of other opportunities which could also be impactful in unpredictable ways. Whereas on the other hand, if you’re just kind of doing something that intellectually seems really impactful, but you burn out or you kind of do it reluctantly, that’s probably not going to go that well. So there is a trade off, and you’re trying to find the best balance of the two. And to some level it’s something again, I struggle with where, for instance, I feel like roles involving more like management and organization building could be higher impact.

Benjamin Todd 00:28:00  But I personally prefer to do things that are more like writing or research or kind of like thinking type work. I feel that trade off myself where I’m kind of like, well, I could do more, but like, would I be physically motivated? And you just have to play this, this conflict out between yourself and come to some kind of resolution. But yeah, I think the point. Maybe the point I would make is in some ways, I’m kind of saying the trade off is actually worse than people realize, because there’s bigger differences between areas than people realize. And we have worked with a lot of people who were just like, okay, well, I studied philosophy at university and I’m like super interested in philosophy, and that’s what I spend all my time thinking about. So I should probably work as a philosopher, but would I should do graduate studies and that kind of standard academic path. But they were worried, like, would I actually have any impact? So I use the example like just Whittle Stone in the book.

Benjamin Todd 00:28:56  And then she just took this time to actually explore different paths, and she kind of found that she could get interested in lots of other things and eventually ended up actually actually being head of AI policy. This is like ten years later was head of AI policy at like the UK’s top AI think tank, AI risk think tank. And we’ve seen just many cases of this of people just developing new interests. And that comes from the work being it’s the things we talked about earlier, the work, being engaging, finding it meaningful. So I would say like give it a chance. yeah. Try some things out. If you’ve done that and you’re still like, well, this is the only thing I’m motivated by then. Yeah, there’s another conversation that then be had though about can you contribute indirectly. So, you know, I talk about the power of donating 10%, you know, the traditional practice of tithing from a lot of spiritual traditions. And if you focus that on the right charities, that can actually have a huge impact.

Benjamin Todd 00:29:50  And that’s a way in which you can work on anything. You can be a ballerina, you can start a restaurant like any, any job, and then you can still contribute to the most pressing problems in the world indirectly. So I think that’s also worth considering as a as an option to many people.

Eric Zimmer 00:30:07  So I’ve referenced effective altruism before, but it occurs to me now many people may not know what that is described to me, what effective altruism is and its connection to your work at 80,000 hours.

Benjamin Todd 00:30:22  Yeah. So effective altruism is the project of trying to use reason and evidence to find the best ways of helping other people, the ways of helping that do the most to help others. And so partly it’s a kind of specific social scene of people who are interested in these ideas and try and put them into practice. And then partly it’s just this, this question of trying to find out what actually is the answer to that. And everyone can have different answers, but what unites them is the search in the first place.

Benjamin Todd 00:30:52  And trying to actually not just accept the kind of common sense answers, but be willing to consider more unconventional answers based on like where we think reasons and looking at the evidence takes us.

Eric Zimmer 00:31:08  Check in for a moment. Is your jaw tight, breath shallow? Are your shoulders creeping up? Those little signals are invitations to slow down and listen. Every Wednesday, I send weekly bites of wisdom, a short email that turns the big ideas we explore here in each show. Things like mental health, anxiety, relationships, purpose into bite size practices you can use the same day it’s free. It takes about a minute to read and thousands already swear by it. If you’d like extra fuel for the weekend, you also get a weekend podcast playlist. Join us at one You Feed newsletter that’s one you feed newsletter and start receiving your next bite of wisdom. All right, back to the show. Some of this is the simple practice of looking at like, okay, if I spend a dollar here or a dollar there, you know, how much more impact does that dollar have, right? A dollar on mosquito nets for people with malaria may have a much higher impact than a dollar spent on my local food bank.

Eric Zimmer 00:32:20  Right? And I think these things can be measured lots of different ways. But the point is to be thinking about that question, right?

Benjamin Todd 00:32:27  Exactly. I would argue as soon as you start debating that question, you’re doing effective altruism. Whereas, you know, people associate effective altruism with the list of specific answers that people like to say. Like malaria nets is a common thing that people promote. But you could arrive at totally different answers, but still be doing effective altruism, right?

Eric Zimmer 00:32:45  I mean, my approach to it has been to look at that like, where does it seem to show that a dollar that I give is going to do the most good? And then within that sort of broader spectrum, what matters to me more within their it’s a way of sort of triaging to get both right. Most impact not absolutely maximize the impact. Like I choose the one that has absolutely the highest impact, because again, all this stuff is measured and measurements are often incorrect. And we often don’t know what we’re measuring in some cases, but I think the data is worth paying attention to and having some trust in.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:19  And then from there, like what moves me within that?

Benjamin Todd 00:33:22  I think definitely when it comes to choosing a career, that’s the approach I recommend, like come up with a short list of plausibly good things and then choose between that based on what you’re most motivated to do, what you have the best personal fit for. So you also asked, what’s the connection between effective altruism and 80,000 hours? And I mean, the quick version would be, we were like around at the start of effective Altruism in, in Oxford in 2011. And I would say we were inspired by these ideas, but like, there’s a lot of people who use the advice but, you know, aren’t participating in effect, altruism.

Eric Zimmer 00:34:01  Right? You took some of the core ideas of like, I can think about what has the most impact. We can quantify that to some degree, and that can be something that helps make my not just my donation choices, but my actual career choice, which is arguably the biggest place to have impact that we possibly can.

Benjamin Todd 00:34:20  Yeah, I mean, that’s the original idea of the name 80,000 hours, which I guess we didn’t actually explain at the start. But yeah, it’s just your career is this huge amount of time. And for many people, that’s their biggest opportunity to make a difference in the world. Which again, maybe sounds kind of obvious, but I think is often not really how we think about things. We think like it’s more about what you consume. It’s like whether you cycle to work or turn off the lights or recycle. This is often what like ethical living is associated with. But I would actually kind of argue those things are relatively small amount of your impact compared to just what you’re actually spending most of your time on? I mean, the Buddhists did kind of figure this out because they had right livelihood as one of the key things they did. So yeah, I really agree with that. Yeah.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:05  Yeah, I think I struggle with that because I think intellectually You’re right. I mean, whether I take a longer shower or not probably isn’t the place that I can make the most impact in the world.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:19  And yet it seems like, you know, I should do what I can. But I think you’re right. I think there’s a lot of factors that go into how people select the work that they do, and what’s the most meaningful and what can have the most impact. Maybe in there, but it’s often lower down. There’s another point you make that I really like, and you say that one thing that people, when they’re trying to figure out a career ask is, what am I good at? And you suggest asking, what could I become good at? Talk more about that. Yeah.

Benjamin Todd 00:35:54  I mean, there’s this really interesting research, actually, about people’s productivity over their lifespans. And although it’s true that, say, for lyrical poets and pure mathematicians, they actually peak relatively early, kind of like in that early 20s in terms of like if you look at like number of papers published or something like that. But for most people in most jobs it’s more in your 40s or 50s. And that kind of suggests that in some way, we’re building skills for these 20 years.

Benjamin Todd 00:36:27  And so choosing a career is much more a case of which skills am I going to learn over this time, like what you’re already good at? And people often narrow down too early because they just haven’t tried something or, you know, they never even considered a certain like learning a certain skill, but they would actually fit it really well if they did. And think about what is worth doing and then work back from that.

Eric Zimmer 00:37:17  I’m going to talk about two different types of people, which is the people that are early on and have more ability to make different choices, and then people who may be a little further on where it’s a lot harder, right? If you are now you have a family of three children and a mortgage, you can always choose to do anything. You could be like, I quit tomorrow. However, most people won’t make that choice. Whereas a 22 year old has a lot more flexibility and option. So I want to talk first about that latter category. The people who are young enough to explore this more, and you talk about a way of running experiments in essence to, you know, learn a little bit more about whether this direction is right for you.

Eric Zimmer 00:38:05  Talk to me about what some of those experiments might look like.

Benjamin Todd 00:38:08  Yeah. And this is another way in which I would say a lot of careers advice. It’s very like inwards and therapy focused. It’s very like let’s really introspect and kind of get down to what my true desires are and find the career that matches them, and there is some place for that. But I would say just a lot of this is so unpredictable. Like we just don’t really know who’s going to end up good at different jobs. And there’s, you know, there’s so many famous examples of like Oprah being told she’s like unfit for TV. And then of course, like having like the top of that, the top of that profession. And then, you know, there’s actually a bunch of literature about this, like what actually predicts who’s going to be good at different jobs. And, you know, one approach that is among the worst ways to do that is an unstructured interview. So it’s just like you talk to the person you kind of vibe and then like choose based on that, which is how a lot of job selection works.

Eric Zimmer 00:39:05  Meaning. I ask somebody who’s a doctor. I spend an hour saying, what’s it like to be a doctor? And then I get the sorry decision.

Benjamin Todd 00:39:13  This is for people who are hiring other people. Okay, okay, okay. This is where the research is from. But then, yeah, we could think that’s a bit more like a kind of intuition led approach. But from the perspective of the person hiring, there is a lot of research on when is our intuition actually good at predicting things and when it is not. And it’s really good in the case of, say, like there’s a fireman who, like, feels like something is off in the room and suddenly the building collapses. But they got out just in time. And that’s because they’ve seen hundreds of fires and they’ve developed this intuition. But your career is really not like that, because most people are only making a couple of big career decisions in their life. And the job market is changing constantly, so you don’t get a chance to kind of like, build up this intuition for what’s going to work in the future.

Benjamin Todd 00:39:56  You do get intuitions for things like this person is untrustworthy, so if you’re getting bad vibes about a job, then yeah, that could be pointing at something really important, but you can’t just simply like, go with your heart and expect that to, like, lead you to the the thing you’re going to succeed at the most. Whereas again, if you look at like hiring practices that are very predictive, it’s often things like work tests, which again, sounds kind of obvious, but it’s like, well, actually like spending some time doing the work and seeing how it is, maybe not surprisingly, actually quite a good way of figuring out who’s going to be good at a job. I encourage people to get out of the armchair and think, how can I actually get close to doing the work itself? Another exercise I really like is if you’re really uncertain between a couple of options, try to just actually write down what are you uncertain about between them? Like, why can’t you decide what information would actually change your ranking of options and then just go and get that information.

Benjamin Todd 00:40:51  And you often find that it involves just very practical things, like just going and talking to more people in the profession is often the most useful thing you can do, like on a per hour basis, rather than thinking about it more yourself. And so then, yeah, we talk about like making a ladder of tests where you start with the cheapest, quickest ways to learn more about a job first, which might just be, I mean, these days it might just be asking an AI about it, but then it might be then talking to real people in the job, and then you could think, well, could I try this for a few days or a week or something like that? And you can gradually escalate from there. And that type of kind of more empirical approach, that’s what I find is like ultimately most helpful for most people in figuring out which which option is best for them.

Eric Zimmer 00:41:38  Before you check out. Pick one insight from today and ask, how will I practice this before bedtime? Need help turning ideas into action? My free weekly Bites of Wisdom email lands every Wednesday with simple practices, reflection and links to former guests who can guide you even on the tough stuff like anxiety, purpose and habit change.

Eric Zimmer 00:42:00  Feed your good wolf at one you feed net newsletter again one you feed net newsletter. I was fortunate to go to a high school that devoted the second half of your senior year into two, like they called them walkabouts, and you went out and did something. And so what I did was I went and I volunteered at a children’s hospital in the play therapy area, and I very quickly discovered it’s too much for me. Right? I don’t have the personality makeup that can really handle that. The other was I thought it was going to be a writer. And so I went and I found somebody to donate, donated. She let me use a cabin she had kind of out in the middle of nowhere, and my job was to show up each day and write. And I also realized then that I had no I either. I won’t say I had no aptitude for it. I had no ability to sit down and manage myself in that way to produce writing. Now, all these years later, it’s a different story.

Eric Zimmer 00:42:58  But then nothing got done. I learned in that case a couple of things that were valuable for me by ruling certain things out.

Benjamin Todd 00:43:09  I mean, that’s pretty cool. Your high school did that. Like, I think that is a good approach.

Eric Zimmer 00:43:13  Yeah. It allowed you to get well, I don’t know what’s a what’s half of a semester, whatever that is in weeks. Real experience doing things. All right. So we’ve talked about people who have time to make small bets to try small experiments. Do all of that. Now, let’s fast forward to where more of my audience is going to be, which is people, let’s just say, in their 40s who have a career that is doing okay, but they may not feel fully satisfied. And so there’s an allure to just jump ship. Let’s talk about that, because I think a lot of people are feeling that like take me in my software career, right. Paid well, I enjoyed it. I love the people I worked with. I had autonomy, I had all those things, I was just missing the meaning question.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:01  And I got lucky in a way that I just sort of stumbled in at the right time, into the right thing. That answered the meaning question in all of those others. But becoming a podcaster is not a role that is going to work. I mean, lots of people seem to be trying it, but not a role that’s going to work for everyone. So if someone’s in a career and they’re thinking, well, maybe I should move, maybe I should change, how do you think through that?

Benjamin Todd 00:44:30  Yeah, there’s several steps to go through here. And I mean, one thing, this also just applies to young people as well. But I do want to just reemphasize, I do think it’s really worth spending some time thinking about which problems are most pressing in the world, okay. And having some type of shortlist for that. And then, you know, if you’re a young person with a lot of flexibility, you can then think, okay, well, what might actually I be able to do to help with these problems? And then you can do these little experiments to figure out which path is the best fit for you.

Benjamin Todd 00:44:59  If you’re older, then one thing I might say is, I mean, there’s this really interesting study in the book where there was around 20,000 people who had to make some kind of major life decision. They had to choose whether to leave their marriage or quit their job. And they were very uncertain. And they’d thought about it a lot and still were on the fence. And then the study. So it was by the guy who wrote Freakonomics. He just got them to flip a coin, and if it was one way they had to quit, and if it was, you know, they had to stay. And, okay, not everyone actually followed it, but they, you know, they took the people who did actually quit and followed up. I think it was three months and maybe 12 months later, and the people who changed were much happier. It was a really big effect. It was, I think it was for the big life decisions. I think it was two points of life satisfaction.

Benjamin Todd 00:45:50  On a scale of ten, which is about the same shift of like leaving an episode of depression or getting married.

Eric Zimmer 00:45:56  And I’m curious about the bias there. The short term bias in that. I mean, that’s a fascinating study. I’m a big coin flipper listener. I decide a lot of things by flipping a coin. I think there’s a bias in that, that if you follow up six months or 12 months later, there’s a recency effect of like, I’m doing something new. It’s exciting, right? Whereas three years from now it’s like, well, what was new is now you’ve habituated. I think that’s right. But I think it’s still interesting. It’s still worthwhile data.

Benjamin Todd 00:46:24  And it’s such a big effect. I would say it’s like, you know, that’s still a big deal, even if it only lasts for a few years. And the mean, the message, in a way, it’s just backing up a very intuitive idea, which is that we tend to stick with the thing we’re already doing too long.

Benjamin Todd 00:46:38  And there’s many biases that could explain that, like, of course, bias and status quo bias and like loss aversion. And I would say if you’re in a job now and you’re like feeling like, I feel like I should quit. I’m unsure. I’ve thought about it for a while and on the fence then I think that is a good sign that it probably is time to make a change. If your earlier than that stage, then I would say, you know, there’s a lot of people kind of like, well, maybe I should make a change. Like one day I feel like I’m missing something, but they’re not yet on the fence about it. They’re just kind of like as a nagging doubt, if you’re in that position, then I would say just make it concrete, like spend some time to develop specific alternatives to your current job. And then once you have those on the table, do a side by side. So try to get it down to the level of like, well, okay, I could carry on or I could do A or B or C and then side by side.

Benjamin Todd 00:47:31  And then if you found a new option that seems maybe significantly better, then you could change. And if you don’t, then it probably means you should keep doing what you’re doing. And you can be more at peace with that because you’ve actually thought about it, and then you’ve addressed the nagging doubts. So that’s a big thing I would encourage people to do. And then there’s a question, okay, so like what actually are the options that you should take and. Yeah. The later you are in the career, the more the question becomes like, how can I use my existing skills? Or we talk about career capital. So it’s like broader than just your skills. It’s also your connections and your reputation and yeah, your character. And these things like give you abilities to make a difference in the world. And then how could I best use that to have an impact on one of these pressing problems? And normally the best way to figure that out is to go and speak to people who work in the issue and say, okay, for someone you know, I’m a lawyer or I build companies or I’m a software engineer or whatever it is, like, what opportunities could there be? What places could I work with this skill set? And then, yeah, like actually doing a round of applications to them.

Benjamin Todd 00:48:34  And we definitely find people who make pretty dramatic career changes. It definitely takes some time. It’s not easy. But you know, given a year, part time, it’s possible to make some pretty radical changes. And yeah, I would say just like don’t don’t rule it out too early and then. Okay. This is like an overly long answer, but then okay, then there’s the risk piece, right? You’re probably going to be giving something up. Like you’re probably gonna be taking lower salary, and it’s definitely going to take a bunch of time to do this. Like it’s going to be a major project on the side of your job, or if, you know, if you leave your job for a while to try and search for a new thing, that’s even riskier. But then, yeah, what I would say is, you know, actually make a list of what things could go wrong. Like make the risks concrete. You often realize that they’re not as bad as you thought. Like once you’ve been like, well, okay, this is this is a realistic worst case scenario.

Benjamin Todd 00:49:30  This is what could happen. And then also think, what would I do if that happened? How would I mitigate the risk. And often you realize it’s you would actually be okay in that in that circumstance if you realize you wouldn’t be okay and like, you know, you’ve got dependents and you need, you know, or like someone’s sick in your family and you need to take care of them or something like that, then, like, don’t, don’t do it like you if you if the risks are unacceptable to you, then you need to focus on getting into a position where you’re more resilient to those risks in the first place, and then come back to this in the future. Come back to the career change.

Eric Zimmer 00:50:01  I think that seasonality of life thing is really important, like what I did leaving my job and come in and doing what I do now, I couldn’t have really probably done it a decade before. Given responsibilities and different things. Now, I didn’t up and quit. I mean, I did this podcast for five years, and I’m not trying to make this entire conversation about me.

Eric Zimmer 00:50:23  I’m just trying to make it illustrative. But, you know, I did the podcast along with my software career for five years, and I made a choice to make less income, and that has undoubtedly been the case. If you were to measure it strictly on financial impact, you’d go, oh, that wasn’t your best decision. But everything else mattered a lot more. So I do think, you know, as you’re saying, it is more possible than we often think. But again, it was after my son was off to college that felt more possible right before that felt less possible for a variety of different reasons. And so, yeah, some of this is like we recognize we’re in a season of life. You know, you’ve got a four year old. Life is pretty demanding when it’s 14. That changes. I suddenly had a lot more time to put into side projects when my kids were teenagers, and they were out and about all the time. They didn’t have the demands of a four year old that needed my, you know, 18 hour a day attention.

Benjamin Todd 00:51:25  Totally. One other topic that I didn’t get on to is maybe it’s not right to change career right now, but like we already touched on earlier, you can still contribute indirectly in many ways. And we talked about donating is one option that can have a big impact. And in the book I use the example of Fred Mulder, who he was like, well, I could become a social worker, but I just like, I can’t handle this. I’m not a good fit for this. And through kind of like a very coincidental discovery of a bunch of Picasso prints in a shop in Paris that he managed to, like, take back to the UK and resell, he became an art dealer and then has donated enough to maybe fund like 10 or 20 people to work in the social sector, which he thinks had a much bigger impact. That’s donating. But then if you’re already skilled in a profession, you could do consulting in the sense of, you know, if you’re a software engineer, you could advise impactful organizations on their software projects, or you could mentor people.

Benjamin Todd 00:52:18  And there’s often still things like that. I mean, I mean, we also talked about getting involved with politics or I you know, I do actually just think when we talk about spreading awareness, often that just means while I’m like posting on social media to my tribe about things my tribe already agrees with, which isn’t particularly helpful. But if you’re actually bringing up an issue that people aren’t talking about and is genuinely neglected, that can make a big difference. So you can still look at these other ways of contributing. Yeah, building community around causes as well. So there’s a whole chapter about this in the book. And then while you’re doing that, you could also be investing in making it easier to make bigger changes in the future because, yeah, it might just not be the right time for you. But often there’s things you can do to improve your ability to take risks and make changes in the future. And investing in that might be your top priority right now.

Eric Zimmer 00:53:09  Yeah, I love that as a place for us to wrap up, because it’s pointing to, you can always do something that matters, you know, whether it’s in your career, whether it’s in the world, it may not be the way you want it to be, but there’s always a way to do something that matters.

Eric Zimmer 00:53:27  And I think that’s the really empowering point that I got from a lot of your writing.

Benjamin Todd 00:53:33  Yeah, like ultimately you just have your options and your job is to choose the best one, and that’s the best anyone can do.

Eric Zimmer 00:53:41  Well, Benjamin, thank you so much for coming on. You and I are going to continue in the post-show conversation where we’re going to get into meditation, which is a topic we both really enjoy and we didn’t have time for here. Listeners, if you’d like access to this post-show conversation, lots of other post-show conversations and ad free episode. And if you want to support the show that needs your help and that you value, go to one. You bet. Thanks again. Benjamin. Thank you so much for listening to the show. If you found this conversation helpful, inspiring, or thought provoking, I’d love for you to share it with a friend. Share it from one person to another is the lifeblood of what we do. We don’t have a big budget, and I’m certainly not a celebrity.

Eric Zimmer 00:54:26  But we have something even better. And that’s you just hit the share button on your podcast app, or send a quick text with the episode link to someone who might enjoy it. Your support means the world, and together we can spread wisdom one episode at a time. Thank you for being part of the One You Feed community.

Filed Under: Featured, Podcast Episode

How to Live Fully in an Uncertain World | Sarah Wilson

August 4, 2026 Leave a Comment

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In this episode, Sarah Wilson explores how to live fully in an uncertain world by asking one of life’s most important questions: Who do you want to be when everything around you feels unstable? Drawing on philosophy, psychology, history, and her new book, I Eat the Stars: How ot Live Fully and Beautifully in a Collapsing World, Sarah shares why facing difficult truths doesn’t have to lead to despair—and how accepting uncertainty can actually bring greater clarity, meaning, and aliveness. Together, she and Eric discuss resilience, hope, community, and what it means to become an “island of sanity” in challenging times.

A Weekly Bite of Wisdom: Want to go deeper with the ideas we explore on The One You Feed? Every Wednesday, Eric shares a short, practical email that turns insights about mental health, relationships, purpose, habits, and personal growth into simple practices you can use right away. You’ll also receive our Weekend Podcast Playlist featuring a recap of the week’s episodes. It’s free, takes about a minute to read, and is enjoyed by thousands of readers each week. Sign up at oneyoufeed.net/newsletter.


Key Takeaways:

  • Why uncertainty can become a source of meaning rather than fear.
  • The difference between false hope and a deeper, more resilient hope.
  • How facing difficult truths can reduce anxiety and inner conflict.
  • Why asking “Who do I want to be?” matters more than trying to control the future.
  • The power of becoming an “island of sanity” for yourself and others.
  • How community, service, and caring for others help us navigate difficult times.
  • Why humans are more resilient than we often believe.
  • What history and ancient wisdom can teach us about flourishing during periods of upheaval.

Sarah Wilson is a multi-New York Times bestselling author, journalist, social philosopher, international keynote speaker and philanthropist. Sarah leads dynamic, global conversations about modern philosophy, creativity, existential risk, and climate change via her keynote speaking, Wild podcast, and her Substack and social communities. She lives nomadically, but is based between Paris and Sydney, and is a compulsive hiker and adventurer.

Connect with Sarah Wilson: Website | Instagram | Facebook | Twitter

If you enjoyed this conversation with Sarah Wilson, check out these other episodes:

How to Find Peace and Balance in Managing Anxiety with Sarah Wilson
Embracing Uncertainty: The Key to True Intimacy and Connection in a Chaotic World with Prince EA

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Episode Transcript:

Sarah Wilson 00:00:00  Great moments of human flourishing have emerged from dark times. Art movements, poetry, scientific advances. The Axial Age, which was a dark, liminal time that went for several thousand years, produced Buddhism, Judaism. It produced incredible ideas. And so that’s another thing to bear in mind with all of this. We are actually built for difficult times.

Chris Forbes 00:00:33  Welcome to the one you feed. Throughout time, great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts we have. Quotes like garbage in, garbage out or you are what you think ring true. And yet, for many of us, our thoughts don’t strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self-pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don’t have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit. But it’s not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf.

Eric Zimmer 00:01:18  There’s a question that I put at the very front of my book. Not only what is it I want to do, but who do I want to be? Sarah Wilson arrives at that same question from a different direction. Looking at a world she believes is coming apart, she asks who she wants to be inside of it, and her answer is what she calls an island of sanity. Someone who has faced the hard facts and chosen to stay steady so the people around her have somewhere to turn. Sarah’s new book is I Eat the Stars How to Live Fully and Beautifully in a Collapsing World. I’m Eric Zimmer, and this is the one you feed. Hi, Sarah. Welcome back to the show.

Sarah Wilson 00:02:01  It is great to be back. I’ve lost all track of time as to how long ago it was that we last spoke.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:08  I have to. It’s been a while.

Sarah Wilson 00:02:11  So a couple of years. A couple of years?

Eric Zimmer 00:02:13  Yeah, at least a couple of years. Yep. We’re going to be discussing your latest book, which is called I Eat the Stars How to Live Fully and Beautifully in a Collapsing World.

Eric Zimmer 00:02:26  But before we get into that, we’ll start like we always do with the parable. And in the parable, there’s a grandparent who’s talking with their grandchild, and they say, in life there are two wolves inside of us that are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandchild stops and they think about it for a second. They look up at their grandparent and they say, well, which one wins? And the grandparent says, the one you feed. So I’d like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in your work.

Sarah Wilson 00:03:11  It means pretty much everything to me, because I have created a life where I feed what I believe is the only thing that we should be doing now, which is working to shift humanity to where it needs to go next. So I guess I see a lot of things through that lens, and a lot of my decisions are made through that lens.

Sarah Wilson 00:03:33  But I’m very mindful at the same time. And this is kind of the balancing point of the book I’ve just published is that while I’m talking about pretty heavy stuff going on at the same time, I’ve actually got to ensure that I live my message, which is to live fully and beautifully, per the subtitle In a Collapsing World. And that’s the message I try to feed with everything that I do and all the choices that I make.

Eric Zimmer 00:03:55  So let’s start with the collapse part of your book, and I want to start with a concept that you discussed, which is that thinking about and discussing collapse is not for everyone. So you could consider this the pre warning to this episode that we may discuss a lot of disturbing different things that are happening in the world, but I want to talk about why this isn’t for everyone.

Sarah Wilson 00:04:25  Yes, because it’s heavy information. I kicked the book off with this idea that we’ve got to let go of, you know, what has been termed opium, this addiction to hope, this idea that everything’s going to turn out, that someone magically is going to come and fix our scenario.

Sarah Wilson 00:04:40  We are at a juncture in history where that is no longer possible. And when we say things are going to turn out, we’re talking really about things going back to the way they were. That somehow if we can green economy our way out of this, you know, we’ve unfortunately gone beyond that. And so that involves facing a pretty radical truth. And it involves putting our big person pants on our big girl, our big boy pants on, and not everybody psychologically ready for that. Some people are caught up in their own trauma. Some people are very caught up in raising children and just trying to get through a day. And I very much believe that we have to arrive at this kind of awakening if we can use that word ourselves when we’re ready, when we’re psychologically, physically and so on, viscerally ready for it. It’s not like the climate crisis. The climate crisis really involved everybody making the big switch to a more green economy all at once. You know, as a climate activist, we’re all trying to get our neighbors to recycle and switch to solar panels and switch out their car for an EV and all of this kind of thing, and we could only make it if we all did it at once.

Sarah Wilson 00:05:54  Where we’re at now, we are no longer in a problem that has a fix. We’re in a predicament that requires an adult response, and we can’t bludgeon people over the head with this messaging. People have got to come to it themselves. And so at the beginning of the book, I framed things with with that very kind of point and say, you know, give the first three chapters a go and see how you feel like I really do want this to be an invitation rather than a draconian, you know, sort of edict, because it’s just not going to work otherwise.

Eric Zimmer 00:06:27  So consider this listener your opportunity to take the off ramp. If you don’t want to talk about exactly what people call the meta crisis, the poly crisis, the anything so off ramps available if you want, I guess you know that you’re an adult. You can turn off a podcast anytime you want. You don’t need my permission, however. Okay. Now we’re going to get into it.

Sarah Wilson 00:06:48  Yeah, because I’m going to frame that.

Sarah Wilson 00:06:50  Just add a little bit to that. For anyone who’s just sort of, you know, wondering if they should take the off ramp. Is that at the beginning of the book, I also, you know, I also say me personally realizing what’s going on, coming to this situation with my eyes fully open has actually been one of the most what’s been the most enlivening thing I’ve ever gone through. And, you know, I’ve just returned to Australia, my home country, where I’ve been promoting my book and friends and family have said to me, you seem happier than you’ve ever been, and it is because I have a full understanding of what’s going on now, and I’m living fully and beautifully as a result of that. So if you’re thinking of getting off the off ramp for this conversation, maybe stay a little longer to hear a bit more about that.

Eric Zimmer 00:07:34  Yeah. How terrible of a marketer am I actually like, okay folks, it’s time to turn on this podcast off. Yep. Okay. Well, I don’t think it’s a surprise to anybody that marketing is maybe not my strongest strength.

Eric Zimmer 00:07:48  Okay. Talk to me about how you parse that. What’s the hope that you’ve felt like you’ve had to let go of? And what’s the hope that remains for you?

Sarah Wilson 00:07:59  Well, as I say, it’s this hope that particularly as a climate activist, we clung to, it’s the hope that we could somehow get through this, that we would make it. You know, and I really had to pull that apart at one point a couple of years ago, as I was embarking on this book, as things were starting to get agitated in my been that’s generally what sets me off on writing a book. I get an itchy sense that something’s not right, and what wasn’t right was this idea. Well, what was the answer to what is it that we actually think turning out is going to look like? Well, if this idea that we can go back to business as usual, which is in a neoliberal global society or post-industrial society that we live in, is consuming and consuming and adhering to this mythology of infinite growth on finite planet.

Sarah Wilson 00:08:48  Its run, its course. It was never meant to be able to run a full course, because it’s actually an insane logic. It never stacked up, and so there’s no going back. And so that’s the hope that I realized I had to let go of, you know, as a climate activist, that’s what we had to promise. That was the carrot that dangled. It was no longer there. We are not going to halve emissions by 2030, nor get to zero emissions by 2050. On current projections, we’ve already gone past that 1.5°C temperature above pre-industrial levels that we were meant to stay under. That sort of, you know, came and went last year and we have surpassed seven of the nine planetary boundaries. And, you know, it’s really not looking good. And then I started to look at more of the systems beyond the climate system. And that’s when I started to realize We’re in a very different realm here. This is not just about climate change. This is complex systems collapse. And so therefore, talking about the hope that we can return to business as usual the way things were is absolutely ridiculous.

Sarah Wilson 00:09:58  So as you say, it’s not that I let go of all hope. I remain hopeful about a whole range of things that humans are capable of going through the reckoning that’s ahead. Yes, I’m absolutely hopeful about that, that we might actually be on to something that we’ve ached for for a very long time. So this letting go of the post-industrial society might actually be something that we’re craving. Yeah, I’m hopeful of that. So there’s a whole range of other things I’m hopeful for. But that hope that dangled, I really needed to get rid of that to be able to go on this journey. So that’s sort of what opens the book.

Eric Zimmer 00:10:32  In the book, you talk about despair, you talk about grief, you talk about a lot of the reactions we might have if we see that indeed all these complex systems are collapsing. But you didn’t talk as much to what I mainly feel, which is scared.

Sarah Wilson 00:10:53  I guess. Interesting. Yeah, you’re probably right there. I almost take it as a given that we’re scared and.

Sarah Wilson 00:11:00  And what are we going to do? You know, like, this is scary stuff. I mean, I think I’d really talk more about, like, I describe it as unholy. You know, I describe it as disgraceful. I describe it as so overwhelming. The biggest thing that humanity has had to go through. It’s almost like being scared, a take as a given. And there’s other stuff that’s going on. The grief, there’s grief that I think we’re all feeling. We’re grieving the fact that, you know, the old normal is dying. We’re grieving the sense of safety and this idea that we were going to keep kind of moving forward into more and more comfort, more and more ease. There’s also a lot of shame. I think we’re feeling very much ashamed that we’ve got ourselves into this predicament with our human greed and selfishness and overloading over nature, and it is absolutely frightening. It is absolutely frightening. I guess I probably cover it off pretty early, don’t I? With that chapter, which is enticingly titled death, you know, and it’s a chapter in which I actually talk, you know, straight to the point.

Sarah Wilson 00:12:07  We actually need to face death. And we’ve got to look at what death we’re we’re looking at. Are we looking at the death of ourselves in this mix? Well, most people listening to a podcast, you know, you’ve got technology to listen to a podcast. I don’t think they’re going to be burnt to a crisp or inundated in a flood, you know, and arrive at their death anytime soon. That’s not what we’re talking about. Are we talking about the imminent death of humanity? So, you know, in the next couple of hundred years, possibly. That’s certainly on the cards, the real death that we’re talking about is the death of the system. And so I get that out of the way straight away and say, let’s be really frank about this. We’re talking about the death of a complex system of complex systems that actually has made up a global civilization, that global civilization is the post-industrial civilization that we find ourselves in that is going down. And as you know, I interviewed over 200 experts, many of whom are modelers in this space.

Sarah Wilson 00:13:06  So their economic modelers, their energy futurists and, you know, population modeling experts. And really, we are, as I say, in a predicament. We’re not in a problem that can be fixed. We’re in a predicament that is happening, and it’s just a matter of the speed at which it happens now. So when we face that and, you know, philosophers and spiritualists throughout the ages have talked about this phenomenon. When we face our death or death in general as a concept, there’s this incredible paradox that comes about. We actually go into a space where we fully feel into our aliveness and we actually live fully, Montagnier wrote. To live fully, we need to face our own death, you know? To die well is to live well. This is something that’s not new to, you know, to our humanity. But we are. So the last couple of generations, all of the spiritualists and philosophers that would teach this kind of thinking, they’ve disappeared. Neoliberalism got rid of the institutions that would guide us through these kinds of realities and into the light on the other side, in the main.

Sarah Wilson 00:14:12  That’s why I wrote this book, because I wanted to draw on some of those wisdoms and philosophies and spiritual ideas from our past that have guided us through these dark and liminal times. So, yes, the truth is dark. However, there’s light that comes on the other side. So yes, it’s scary. However, when we face it, there is so much more on the other side. So that’s what I guide readers into.

Eric Zimmer 00:14:56  When you say that you have given up certain types of hope, what you said has replaced it is truth. What can truth give us? You know my thought when I hear that the phrase that popped into my head is, you know, brutal honesty in certain cases, which sometimes you’re like, well, no, thank you, I don’t need that from you. But in general, you are talking about truth. So let’s move into truth for a moment.

Sarah Wilson 00:15:22  Yeah. Well, one of the things that it does is it actually resolves a cognitive dissonance that I think is actually widespread in our culture.

Sarah Wilson 00:15:32  And, you know, to go back to that hope point when we’re being told that planetary boundaries have been surpassed. You know, things are falling apart. The amok is about to collapse and so on. And then at the end of the article, the article that we read about your newspaper, you know, some climate scientist or expert says, oh, but we can still make it if we all rally together. Now, if we do something about it now and we activate. And this has been going on for years, we’ve been told that, you know, there’s these deadlines and, you know, we’ve only got a few years to really turn things around. And then ten years pass and we’re like, hang on. And I actually think that we’ve been walking around, the majority of us have been walking around with this cognitive dissonance where two ideas are not matching up. Psychologists show that kind of dissonance is incredibly crazy. Making it causes all kinds of anxiety, but it also creates a way of being that it’s really hard to maintain.

Sarah Wilson 00:16:23  And so when we actually do face the truth, when we line up those two dissonant ideas, or we get them in congruence, It creates a cognitive pattern in the head that is called congruent psychological congruence that makes us feel like we belong somewhere. You know, when things make sense, we can actually make far better decisions. We go into a paralysis when they don’t make sense. So that’s a really big part of this. And for ages, you know, climate activists, myself included, we felt that we had to keep giving people hope. Otherwise they would descend into inaction. Well, a bigger cause of inaction is cognitive dissonance. So you clear that up and it’s really interesting. You probably read this in the book. I wrote this book as a serialization on Substack to start with 65,000 subscribers who joined me on the journey. So as I wrote it, I got feedback, and I was able to respond to people’s response to feelings and emotions and cognitive feedback, and I was able to then work out where to head next.

Sarah Wilson 00:17:27  Now, when I started writing about all of this, the stuff we’ve been talking about so far in this chat, the overwhelming response from the readers was one of relief because people were saying, okay, this now makes sense. Now I know what kind of emotional response I can choose. Now I know how to work through the complex feelings that I have in my being. So that is the main benefit of facing the truth. And I then move on to explain a whole range of ideas, from game theory to breaking apart what complex systems actually look like and how they are resolved, and how we can be in them, and how emergence in and out of a problematic complex systems can occur. So when we have full understanding, we can make different types of decisions and we have more agency. So that’s the I think that’s the primary reason. And I think we’re aching for truth because we’re walking around in this weird befuddled fug, you know, we do not know which way to turn and leadership is missing.

Sarah Wilson 00:18:25  You know, of course, what that does is it leads to a collapse in truth, which leads to a collapse in democracy, which leads to an uprising in fascist tendencies, you know, and so on and so forth.

Eric Zimmer 00:18:37  That cognitive dissonance makes a lot of sense, because it’s a fair amount of effort for me to see all the different things that you’re talking about, and we’re going to go into that in a bit more in a minute, and then also keep telling myself it’s going to be okay. It’s going to be okay. Right. There is a cognitive dissonance there now. I believe it’s going to be okay, but in a radically different way than this is going to figure itself out in life. It’s going to go on looking like it looked right. Yeah. Realizing that there is a certain freedom. And I think you talk about denial in the book, and denial is largely always problematic ultimately. Right. Yeah. You know, it’s it’s almost it may be short term useful, but long term it’s powerful, isn’t it?

Sarah Wilson 00:19:25  There’s an evolutionary need for denial.

Sarah Wilson 00:19:27  And I actually cover this off in the book because I think some people are going crazy looking at their friends, their family, their husbands, who are just denying what’s going on. And I point out to people once again, because if you get the understanding, you can then make clearer types of decisions, truer and more important types of decisions. Denial has served an evolutionary purpose. When we are walking around aware that we could die at any moment, which is in fact a truth at any point in time, we are the only species.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:57  Which is.

Sarah Wilson 00:19:58  Exactly.

Eric Zimmer 00:19:58  What it calls it.

Sarah Wilson 00:19:59  Yep, that’s exactly it. And Camus and the existentialists tried to resolve this back in a similar time to our own, a liminal time between sort of an old world dying and new world yet to be born. You know, this is back in the 20s and 30s and 40s. There’s this sort of absurd situation that we find ourselves where we’re the only species aware of the fact that we will die one day. Other animals, when they’re presented with a threat, we’ll have this sense that they could die, but they don’t walk around just ruminating on the fact that, you know it is going to happen.

Sarah Wilson 00:20:30  Inevitably we do. And yet, you know, we then have to find a way to live our lives with that kind of fear hanging over us. And so, to a certain extent, we do need that cognitive process of denial to ensure that we still manage to get around having children and then feeding them. So there is a purpose to it. But when we actually live our entire lives based on this and we don’t move beyond it, yes, it’s problematic because we don’t defend ourselves properly and look at us, we get we fail to defend our planet and our species.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:02  Check in for a moment. Is your jaw tight? Breath shallow? Are your shoulders creeping up? Those little signals are invitations to slow down and listen. Every Wednesday I send weekly bites of wisdom, a short email that turns the big ideas we explore here in each show. Things like mental health, anxiety, relationships, purpose into bite size practices you can use the same day it’s free. It takes about a minute to read and thousands already swear by it.

Eric Zimmer 00:21:35  If you’d like extra fuel for the weekend, you also get a weekend podcast playlist. Join us at one you feed. That’s one you feed. Net newsletter and start receiving your next bite of wisdom. All right. Back to the show. There’s two types of truth you talk about in this chapter that I would love to just touch on real quick. The first is Vaclav Havel s true hope. Tell me about that.

Sarah Wilson 00:22:07  Yeah, he was the president of Czechoslovakia and a dissident in the end. And he wrote about how true hope. Isn’t this the belief that something will work out. It is the belief that something makes sense no matter how it works out. And I think that’s actually a really wonderful way to look at what true hope is. You know, it speaks to all that dissonant stuff and this idea of things stacking up in a congruent way that then enables us to make the decisions we need to make to get on with our lives.

Eric Zimmer 00:22:42  Then there’s Jonathan Lear’s Radical hope, which is something like moving through unbearable loss with no rational justification, only the hunch that we are on to something important about being human.

Sarah Wilson 00:22:56  Yeah, and that’s definitely where I think we’re at as a species. I think when we look around the world and we look at what’s happening with AI and the way that it’s able to race ahead without anyone capable of controlling it and putting boundaries on it and being able to have a moral discussion around it. When we look at what’s happening in the Middle East, when we look at what’s happening with the Trump administration and the insane decisions that get to be made, when we pull back and observe that what’s happening in much of the world now is fascism 2.0. We now live in a world where only 7% of the global population lives. In a democracy, a liberal democracy, I should say. And 72% of the world lives in an authoritarian regime. So how do we get there? And I do think that a lot of us are looking at it going, okay, there is something happening. There is something happening here. And to give away the ending of the book, what I say is happening is we’re going through a homecoming of sorts.

Sarah Wilson 00:24:03  We’ve got so far off piste, we’ve got so far removed from what it really, truly means to be human. And we miss it. We have a heartache for our humanity. And so I feel that one way of looking at collapse, we can call it a simplification. So we’ve gone through this complexity. And I should remind, you know, anyone listening who’s not aware of this sort of history is that every complex society has collapsed. So the Roman Empire, the Mayan empire, the Jin dynasty, every single one of them throughout history has collapsed precisely because of its complexity. So there’s this building up. There’s this complex affine. It becomes more and more sophisticated. It expands. There’s more cities that require more armies, require more horses, which require the farmers to produce more crops to pay the taxes for all of this and it complexities, complexities and complexities. And it gets to a point where all the fat of that civilization is going into keeping the complexity and going, that it only takes a small drought or a small incursion from a neighbor for the whole thing to tip, because there’s nothing left to to attend to the crisis, this relatively minor crisis.

Sarah Wilson 00:25:16  And so that’s that is what happens. And I think we get a sense that we’re at a similar juncture. And one way, as I say, of seeing complex systems collapse, we can see it as a unraveling of all the sort of upward trajectory of complexity. And when it goes back down the other side, what it essentially is a simplification, it’s a going back towards it’s a homecoming. This is the other way that we can view what we’re going through. You know, when I talked about this with the Substack subscriber community, we start up a conversation of all the things about post-industrial society. We will not miss that we will be happy to see collapse, to unravel. And we were talking about things like the LinkedIn version of ourselves, you know, golf courses, unboxing videos, the mad race to work, two jobs to send our kids to private schools. You know, when we live in an era where we can’t even promise that there’s going to be jobs for our kids when they get out of school, because, you know, AI is apparently going to take 50% of entry level jobs in the next year or so.

Sarah Wilson 00:26:21  So this idea of unraveling and simplifying, you know, it really is like a homecoming. And so I think that’s what Jonathan Lear is, is really speaking to that. We’re on to something about being human. That is true hope. You know, and I think it’s palpable. I think a lot of people are feeling that.

Eric Zimmer 00:27:04  So I want to spend just another minute or two on collapse and then move into really the being human part of all this. What that means, what we can do. I’m going to read one thing you wrote. I think that’s going to paint a fairly clear picture of what happens in the late stages of collapsing societies frivolity, aestheticism, hedonism, cynicism, pessimism, narcissism, consumerism, materialism, nihilism, fatalism, fanatics, and other negative behaviors and attitudes suffused the population. Politics is increasingly corrupt, life increasingly unjust. A cabal of insiders accrues wealth and power at the expense of the citizens, fostering a fatal opposition of interest between the haves and have nots. The majority lives for bread and circuses.

Eric Zimmer 00:27:56  They worship celebrities, shirk duties, but insist on entitlements. I mean, there’s an awful lot of that. That sounds very familiar. Only startlingly familiar. Yes.

Sarah Wilson 00:28:09  So I believe that was in the 1920s or 1930s. Glubb, who wrote that he was describing previous civilizations, the sixth stage that happens just before a civilization collapses. And so you can sort of hear the references to the Roman Empire, the bread and the circus is that kind of thing. Yeah, but you’re right. That is us right now, you know, and the stage is beforehand. The stage before is the age of intellect. So this idea of intellectual infighting, tuning and throwing on academic points, that kind of thing, and then it descends into this, this sixth stage, which is the age of decadence. And you can see how an age of decadence can tip over into chaos because people are so distracted. I write a lot about that in the book. Distraction and chaos is a tactic. It’s a tactic that takes us into a space of an age of decadence, where we’re really just not paying attention, and it enables bad faith operators.

Sarah Wilson 00:29:07  So fascists to come in to the vacuum that is being created and to take over Steve Bannon, who’s, you know, an advisor to the Trump administration, he said, flood the zone with shit. That’s how we’re going to do things. So just flood the zone with the bread and circuses, the distraction, the false information, the line, the absurdities. People will be so engrossed in that then also trying to distract themselves from it with frivolity and avoidance techniques that they will not see when things really start to go down and the elites and the privileged come in and sweep up the bounty. So yeah, history repeats itself, and a big part of why I wrote the book is so that I can call to attention what is actually being repeated, so that we can learn the lessons from the past.

Eric Zimmer 00:29:57  You talk about Moloch, you say it’s an invisible force that arises in competitive scenarios that sees us Give away or destroy what we hold dear in exchange for a short term gain that ultimately will leave us all categorically fucked.

Sarah Wilson 00:30:14  Yeah. Yeah, it’s actually comes from a Hebrew god that demanded the sacrifice of a child in exchange for a win on the battlefield, right? Which is a lose lose scenario because presumably you’re fighting wars to save children, to give children an opportunity at life. And yet you’ve got to sacrifice a child to get that. And look, the best way for me to describe how Molech works and extrapolates out to so much of what’s happening in our lives. Imagine you’re at a concert, and the person in the first row stands up because they want to get ahead of you, and then you know the people behind that person in rows two, three, and four need to stand up. Rows five, six, and seven have to do the same. Before you know it, the entire concert hall is standing for the entire concert. Now, if you’re in row 27 and you decide to sit down because you realize this is ridiculous, I want to sit. You know, it’s going to be far more comfortable sitting than you lose.

Sarah Wilson 00:31:09  But if nobody sits down, everybody loses. Now, that is exactly what is happening to you, to contemporary life. So you can take the nuclear arms race. You can take the AI race. You know, you often hear Sam Altman and so on saying, oh, listen, we can’t stop this mad race to create a technology that, in good probability, will kill humanity. We can’t stop because if we stop, well, the Russians and the Chinese will win, you know? So everybody stay stuck into this mad sort of race to the bottom, this zero sum scenario. And another example is beauty filters on social media. Once one person starts using it, everybody feels they’ve got to use it and everybody loses because you know, the beauty expectation shifts. There’s just example after example. And a civilization can fall into these. These kind of molecule death spirals when there’s fragmentation. Because what actually can get you out of a molecule, you know, sort of death spiral is when you can communicate.

Sarah Wilson 00:32:16  Because if somebody stood up at the front of the concert hall and went, hey, everyone, this is not working out, let’s all agree to sit. Right? So cooperation and communication can get around monarch. But we live in a fragmented society where social media and other technologies are separating us further. And there are so many reasons for why we are not able to communicate and collaborate anymore. And so it’s making this malarkey situation even worse. And so that’s a really big part of the complex systems collapse scenario that we’re in. And once we know that one of the things that it does is it enables us to actually take the foot off the blame pedal. It makes us realize that, you know what? No one’s to blame, and yet everyone’s to blame. We’re in a systemic scenario. This is a systems problem. And so a really big part of what I tried to do in the book is to get people aware of this so that we can actually have more compassion for each other, and we can start once again to solve some of these situations.

Sarah Wilson 00:33:17  And she’s better paths through it.

Eric Zimmer 00:33:20  Yeah, I really loved that because I think it is so true in all the ways you said. I mean, I feel it in just in the work that I do. I’m not really interested in short form content that is inflammatory and grabs people’s attention and overstates things, but that’s what tends to win. Yeah. I mean, I guess I’m lucky that I don’t fully buy into it, but I am losing to a certain degree because of that factor. But ultimately, to your point, everybody is losing because I think if we talk to a lot of people who are, I don’t know, I don’t love this word, but who are creators of different sorts? There’s a very collective feeling of wanting to step away from constantly having to document our lives and put down every thought and to do that, but nobody feels they can.

Sarah Wilson 00:34:17  That’s exactly right. And so we’re in this sort of race to the bottom, and it’s crazy making. It’s absolutely crazy making. And we didn’t have as many malarkey scenarios in the past because we did have these sort of social and moral checks and balances that would keep us from falling into those traps, you know? We had community.

Sarah Wilson 00:34:39  We are a very selfish species, and we’re incredible at cooperating. That is essentially what saw us. And I hate this phrase, rise to the top of the food chain. You know, we don’t run particularly fast. We don’t have fangs. We don’t have a sting in our tail. What we do have as a species is an ability to cooperate and communicate and collaborate and create mythologies and sort of, you know, get together and on mass solve our issues. Now that’s, you know, what we’ve needed to ensure that we’ve we’re able to do that is we’ve had structures like churches and the scouts. And, you know, we were smart enough to set up structures that would ensure we didn’t get too selfish and that we did communicate and collaborate and come together as a species. Neoliberalism got rid of all of those things. Neoliberalism told us, no, we don’t need those structures. We don’t need community. You know, there’s no such thing as society. As Thatcher said, we are on our own and we’ve got to go hard out there getting what we need, fighting, competing against our neighbors to get ahead, et cetera, etc. and so that’s a really big part of why we are in this predicament.

Eric Zimmer 00:35:48  So now let’s pivot to how do we live well in this because let’s talk about you in your own life. Your last book was very much a climate activist book. It was getting out there and doing things to try and prevent a sort of collapse. You’ve now kind of gone on to say, well, I don’t know. That’s I don’t know that a lot of that is preventable. So let’s just take something like climate activism. I assume that what you have not done is go, oh, who cares, and move on. So how do you engage if you know that it’s a little bit of a losing battle?

Sarah Wilson 00:36:26  You’re asking, what do I tell climate activists?

Eric Zimmer 00:36:29  What do you tell yourself, given that you realize, like, hey, the climate is past the things we thought it was going to be, these little things that I thought, you know, recycling would do aren’t going to fix it. It’s a problem. I know you’re not the sort of person. It’s like, oh, f it, right.

Sarah Wilson 00:36:44  Well, it’s really interesting. Nora Bateson, who’s a systems thinker, she often gets asked this question and her response to that is it’s almost the wrong question. What we really need to be asking ourselves is, who do I want to be in this moment? That’s where I’ve arrived in all of this. We are in this, you know, and there’s no point trying to sugarcoat or pretend there are solutions that are not there. And so what it actually demands of us is a stepping up into a full fledged adulthood. Toby Ord, who works out at the Existential Risk Center at the University of Cambridge. He’s actually another Australian, and he does a lot of work in sort of the risk that particularly AI presents to humanity. And a lot of work in the probability of complete wipe out by the end of this century. He did some work, and he actually tracked the sort of the average life of a mammalian species like the human species. It should be around about a million years now at 300,000 odd years into this, We track if we live to 80 or so.

Sarah Wilson 00:37:52  We track as a 16 year old in the development of our species and that kind of tracks for me. You know, he sort of makes the point. We are, in fact, behaving like teenagers, where we’ve kind of mucked things up, we’ve made a bit of a mess of things. We galloped ahead of our capacity to keep things in check, and now we’re turning around and we’d like someone to come and solve things for us. We’d like there to be an easy solution. Well, unfortunately we are now stepping into adulthood, right? We’re at that juncture. We’re at that critical sort of flipping point where we are moving into a new stage of our development, and that requires not thinking that things are just going to turn out, not thinking that we can fix things when they can’t. We basically saw the stop sign we failed to break, and now we’ve hit it, right? We’ve hit the stop sign and we’ve got to accept this. I mean, this is the harsh reality. And so there’s a reckoning that we have to go through now in terms of the climate work that I’ve been doing for 2 to 3 decades now.

Sarah Wilson 00:39:02  I’m no less of a climate activist because every degree or percentage of a degree of warming that we can prevent is going to make a difference. It’ll slow down what we’re going through. It’ll probably save a whole bunch of other species and enable us to adjust and morph into the next world. That is going to have to come after this old world collapses. What it also does. And this is so important, and this is what I say all throughout the book, is that in some ways, I mean, nobody knows where this is going to hit anybody who tries to tell you that we’ve got two years before this happens and five years before this happens. Don’t believe them, because the entire point of all of this is the abject uncertainty. It is the discomfort of not knowing. Okay. And so what I say in the book and many times over, is that no matter what happens, the opportunity that presents itself is for us as a species, not to lose our shit because that is the ultimate threat to us.

Sarah Wilson 00:40:02  It’s not, as I say, been burnt to a crisp by a wildfire, although that could happen, and it does depend on where in the world you live as to how collapse will affect you. But the ultimate threat is mass civil unrest. It is humanity turning in on itself. It is humanity eating itself that is the ultimate threat that we make, that we face. So anything that we can do in terms of preventing, you know, super fast climate collapse will do us a favor. It will enable us not to lose our shit so fast. I invite everyone, readers, listeners, to become what Meg Wheatley calls an island of sanity. As we go through this transition, we’re going to need people who have faced the facts, are aware of what is ahead. Have asked themselves of the question, who do I want to be for this moment? And they’ve decided that, well, I’ve got a responsibility to calm my nervous system, to basically be a person that is an island of sanity, so that when others start to wake up to all of this and they start to go, oh my goodness, they’ve got somewhere to go to talk about this kind of thing.

Sarah Wilson 00:41:12  And I don’t know, pull on their big girl or big boy pants. So yeah, I’ve reframed those kinds of questions now. Having said that, once we start to go through this reckoning, there’s an incredible, as I said from the outset, aliveness that comes about. And, you know, I really do feel that it’s because we are doing the thing we feel we’re meant to be doing. We are going back to that, that homecoming, being of service to others, because that’s who we are as a species. For example, AI, the threat of AI taking our jobs and threatening us, you know, as a species, it actually does this incredibly strange thing. What it does is it forces us to confront what it means to be human. Because if AI can take our jobs and it can take our sense of what a relationship is, and it can take all these other things, what is left? What can it not take? What do we have a very deep sense, a visceral sense that it cannot take, that it will never be able to be? And really, the answer to that question is invariably going to be all the things that make us truly human, that we need to be preserving.

Sarah Wilson 00:42:23  So love, entanglement, art, creating art, having children. They are all the things that actually, when we’re confronted with all of these threats, we’re forced to return to. And again, that’s the homecoming. and we’ve been aching for it. So that’s how I get through all of this. That is the silver lining. That is the gift of all of this. But it comes about when we have our reckoning, when we say, who do I want to be in this?

Eric Zimmer 00:42:56  I love that question. It’s actually in the introduction in my book. It’s what I phrase is the two pivotal questions in life. You know, who do I want to be? You know, regardless of what circumstances are happening around me, who’s the person I want to be that that shows up. And I also love that Islands of Sanity idea. It’s a really beautiful phrase for what we need.

Sarah Wilson 00:43:21  Yeah. And another phrase that make Wheatley, I borrow from Meg Wheatley is being a warrior of the human spirit.

Sarah Wilson 00:43:28  And even those phrases, I mean, they get people excited when I use that terminology because I think there’s a sense of recognition. That is where we’re meant to be. We’re not meant to be. I don’t know the LinkedIn version of ourselves. We’re not meant to be scrolling on screens for 5 or 6 hours a day. We’re not meant to be consuming, consuming, consuming to no end. So yeah, I actually do think that this is what this is about. This reckoning is incredible and has the capacity to be exactly what we need to step up into that next realm to move beyond our adolescence.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:06  Yeah, I love that phrase. Also, what was it? A warrior of the human spirit.

Sarah Wilson 00:44:11  That’s right.

Eric Zimmer 00:44:12  Yeah, yeah. I can think back to a couple of other things that are like that. Like Trungpa Rinpoche talking about being a spiritual warrior. You know, the Buddhist bodhisattva manjusri kind of has like a flaming sword, right? It’s cutting through delusion. There’s a fierceness.

Sarah Wilson 00:44:32  Absolutely.

Sarah Wilson 00:44:32  There’s a fierceness. And there’s also, I think when I say that there’s a recognition in all of this. We need to remember that, in fact, we are built for hard times. There’s countless studies that have been shown. One that comes to mind right now is that during the London Blitz, when London was being bombed by the Germans. Winston Churchill thought that everyone was going to lose their mind. So he built these mental institutions on the outskirts of the city, expecting them to be filled. And in fact, the mental institutions that were in the city had to be used for casualties. What actually happened is that even those who were already in the mental institutions, they left and became ambulance drivers, and they stepped up into service. And Britain recorded its happiest and healthiest times ever because people felt a sense of camaraderie. They felt a sense of serving the times and serving their fellow Brits. Great moments of human flourishing have emerged from dark times, art movements, poetry, scientific advances, the Axial Age, which was a dark, liminal time that went for several thousand years produced Buddhism, Judaism.

Sarah Wilson 00:45:42  It produced incredible ideas. And so that’s another thing to bear in mind. With all of this, we are actually built for difficult times. It’s the neoliberal system that tried to tell us that we deserve increased ease and comfort. There’s too many studies to mention that show that it’s when we’re in friction that we become truly creative and curious, and we expand as humans. So that is really worth bearing in mind. Those religious ideas have been capturing that for eons, and they existed to remind us at times like this. Terrifying times like this, that keep going, keep going, keep pushing through this. We are warriors. We are at our best when we’re striving towards something bigger than ourselves. You know, I think of Viktor Frankl, who wrote Man’s Search for meaning, where he documents who survived Auschwitz. And it wasn’t the big macho man with the big muscles who were tough and stoic. It was the man in his case, he was obviously in a men’s encampment. It was the men who had something bigger than themselves to live for.

Sarah Wilson 00:46:52  It was either love, a loved one, or it was some kind of spiritual belief in a God larger than themselves. So yeah, I think often we feel like, oh my goodness, how on earth are we going to cope? This is not right. How is humanity going to be able to go backwards into deterioration, into crumbling? Well, that’s what we’ve done throughout history. These kind of last 70 to 270 years are an anomaly. Humanity hasn’t gone through such growth like this ever before.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:22  The other thing that is a real advantage of humanity, and we often in psychological circles, paint it as not a good thing, which is our ability to habituate to nearly anything. And so this normally. I’ve had a recent guest to the whole thing was like, that’s the cause of unhappiness. You habituate to the good things in your life. You don’t appreciate them. But that ability to habituate as life changes and to find our way into a place where we find a way to be okay, even as circumstances change.

Eric Zimmer 00:47:56  We’re kind of built for this. We’re really good at that.

Sarah Wilson 00:48:00  Yeah. And you know it’s interesting a question that comes up a lot when I’m talking about this. You know I’ve just completed a 26 event tour in Australia and obviously been writing about this in a way where people have been able to interact with me and ask questions as I go. And the question has come up over and over again is, well, should I be having children? You know, this is obviously younger readers. And I decided to look into this, and I found that Margaret Mead was once asked the same question by her sister. Her sister and her husband were deciding whether to have children as as war loomed, as the terror of war loomed and Margaret Mead wrote a letter, which I actually reproduce in the book, and she wrote to her sister and said, well, you know what? People have had children in all kinds of dark times. Children are never promised, you know, to have an easy life. And in fact, if you grew up in the Middle Ages, all you experienced was life getting worse and worse and worse.

Sarah Wilson 00:48:54  She writes this letter of comfort saying, no, this is precisely what we’re meant to do in such times because it is human. This is what we do. And as it turns out, Margaret Mead, sister, had two children, both of whom grew up to be. I think one was a very famous violinist and one was a very successful scientist. And, you know, this is something that we need to get rid of is this idea that, you know, life is meant to get better and better, and that is where we’re going to define our sense of well-being and worth. It’s simply not the case, and we can accustom ourselves to all different types of baselines and create meaning, in fact, often even deeper meaning from a lower baseline.

Eric Zimmer 00:49:41  Before you check out, pick one insight from today and ask, how will I practice this before bedtime? Need help turning ideas into action? My free weekly Bytes of Wisdom email lands every Wednesday with simple practices, reflection, and links to former guests who can guide you even on the tough stuff like anxiety, purpose and habit change.

Eric Zimmer 00:50:03  Feed your good wolf at one you feed. Net newsletter again when you feed your net. We all have to go through this in our own lives. Right there turns a point where physically things are not getting better. They are going to continue to get worse, right? And yet, humans for all of time have found ways to live within that we do know.

Sarah Wilson 00:50:29  And find deeper and deeper meaning. The shittier things get, you know, and to find more and more happiness. The older we get, the more that our body disintegrates. And all the things that we thought, you know, made for a wonderful life. As they start to leave us, we find kind of ourselves digging down deeper into who we really are. And Viktor Frankl said this we are a meaning seeking species. And we’ve lived in a time, an era in history which has taken us away from meaning making. Let’s put us on a hedonistic treadmill.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:05  So I’d love to end with you just reading one of my favorite lines from the book, and I think it’s a beautiful way to sum up everything that we’ve talked about here.

Sarah Wilson 00:51:15  Yeah, okay. You’ve preempted this one for me, so I’ve got it here in front of me. I write if all else fails or you lose focus. Just care. Care all over the place. When the world sees care in other people’s faces, it shifts. I think it’s true.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:34  I do too. What a beautiful place to wrap up. Sarah, thank you so much for coming on the show and good luck surviving the Paris heatwave.

Sarah Wilson 00:51:43  I absolutely appreciate these conversations, Eric. I hope we do it every couple of years.

Eric Zimmer 00:51:48  Thank you so much for listening to the show. If you found this conversation helpful, inspiring, or thought provoking, I’d love for you to share it with a friend. Share it from one person to another is the lifeblood of what we do. We don’t have a big budget, and I’m certainly not a celebrity. But we have something even better. And that’s you just hit the share button on your podcast app, or send a quick text with the episode link to someone who might enjoy it.

Eric Zimmer 00:52:14  Your support means the world, and together we can spread wisdom one episode at a time. Thank you for being part of the One You Feed community.

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